Shuka tsire-tsire na kowane kayan lambu shine tsari mai rikitarwa wanda ke buƙatar kulawa da kulawa. Sabili da haka, kafin ƙoƙarin shuka seedlings da kanku, kuyi tunanin ko kuna da isasshen lokaci, ko akwai duk yuwuwar – wuri, fitilun fitilu, suturar sama, kwantena seedling, da dai sauransu, don samun cikakkiyar ci gaba shuke-shuke, wanda zai iya zama da amfani. ana iya dasa shi a cikin greenhouse ko bude ƙasa. Shin bai fi sauƙi don siyan shuka ba?
Babban kurakurai a lokacin da girma seedlings
Idan har yanzu kun yanke shawarar shuka seedlings da kanku, to a yau za mu gaya muku game da manyan kurakurai a cikin girma seedlings, guje wa abin da za ku iya samun tsire-tsire masu inganci, kuma a nan gaba, tare da kulawa mai kyau a cikin filin bude, mai kyau. girbi. Bayan haka, tsire-tsire da aka girma da kyau da kuma dasa su a cikin lambun suna, kodayake rabin nasarar ne kawai, amma rabi mai mahimmanci.
1. Kurakurai wajen ajiyar iri
Don haka, kuskuren farko shine hanyar da ba daidai ba don adana tsaba, sakamakon abin da suka rasa ƙarfin germination wani ɓangare ko gaba ɗaya. Mafi sau da yawa, masu lambu, musamman ma masu farawa, ba sa tunanin inda za a adana tsaba da aka tattara daga nau’ikan (amma ba F1 hybrids), sanya su a cikin jakar filastik kuma sanya su a cikin aljihun tebur na dafa abinci ko a kan shiryayye. A sakamakon haka, da tsaba ana adana a cikin wani fairly arziki a danshi da kuma dumi dakin, wanda wani lokacin rinjayar su germination sosai mummunan.
A cikin zafi, da tsaba iya rasa su germination da sauri, a zahiri kamar wata biyu iya isa, kuma idan sun kuma kwanta a wani wuri inda iska aka isa, ka ce, zuba a cikin akwati ba tare da murfi, to, mafi m, a wata zai ishe su zuwa ga rashin amfani.
Ka tuna: An fi adana tsaba a cikin inganci, amma ƙananan zafin jiki (yawanci har zuwa digiri +10). A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a yi la’akari da wani muhimmin mahimmanci – zafi na iska a cikin dakin da aka adana tsaba. An lura cewa idan zafi yana da girma (fiye da 85%), tsaba za su zama marasa amfani da sauri kamar an adana su a cikin dakin bushe, amma a zazzabi sama da digiri 20 sama da sifili.
Wasu lambu suna ba da shawarar adana tsaba daskararre, wato, sanya su a cikin injin daskarewa na daidaitaccen firiji na gida. A can, ana adana tsaba da gaske tsawon lokaci, ba su rasa germination ko sun ɓace, amma a hankali. Wannan yana da kyau, amma a lokaci guda, da tsaba a zahiri hibernate kuma kada ku germinate lokacin da sown, sai dai idan an tada. Kuna iya tayar da tsaba ta hanyar dumama banal – ta hanyar sanya su cikin ruwa tare da zafin jiki na kimanin digiri 40 na sa’o’i biyu.
Mafi kyawun yanayi don adana tsaba shine waɗanda zafin jiki ke cikin kewayon daga +7 zuwa +10 digiri sama da sifili kuma baya tsalle sama ko ƙasa dangane da yanayin waje da taga, kuma zafi bai wuce 60% ba. .
2. Kurakurai wajen shirya iri don tsiro
Lambun da ke siyan tsaba a cikin shaguna ko daga abokai suna ƙoƙarin kare tsire-tsire masu zuwa kamar yadda zai yiwu daga tasirin da zai yiwu a kansu na abubuwa mara kyau a cikin nau’in, alal misali, cututtukan fungal. Don yin wannan, suna bi da tsaba tare da kowane nau’i na guba, sau da yawa ba tare da tunani game da abubuwan da ke tattare da wannan guba ba.
Ka tuna cewa taro na abubuwa masu guba dole ne a kiyaye shi daidai da umarnin da aka nuna akan fakitin waɗannan kwayoyi (kuma ba mafi girma ko ƙasa da waɗanda aka nuna ba, saboda a cikin akwati na biyu kawai ba za a sami sakamako ba). A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne a yi amfani da kwayoyi kawai waɗanda aka yarda da su kuma an daidaita su don sutura da tsaba na wasu amfanin gona. Hakanan ya shafi abubuwan haɓaka haɓaka, in ba haka ba zaku kashe tsaba kawai.
Lokacin siyan tsaba don tsire-tsire, tabbatar da karanta bayanin kuma a kan marufi, a halin yanzu, kamfanoni da yawa suna siyar da tsaba da aka riga aka bi da su tare da mahadi masu kariya, masu kula da girma ko tsaba, wanda dole ne a rubuta akan marufi. Tabbas, wannan yunƙuri ne na tsayawa a cikin tarin kamfanonin iri, amma a wannan yanayin, ƙoƙarin yana da kyau kuma yana cikin yardar ku. Kuna iya biyan kuɗi kaɗan don irin waɗannan tsaba, amma ba lallai ne ku yi rikici da su nan gaba ba.
3. Ba daidai ba hardening na iri
Wani kuskure game da iri shine rashin daidai kuma rashin taurinsu. Gogaggen lambu gabaɗaya galibi suna ba da shawarar yin watsi da taurin tsaba, saboda, a cewarsu, wannan ba shi da ma’ana, saboda tsire-tsire galibi suna girma a cikin yanayin da ya fi dacewa da shi. Idan aka ba da wannan yanayin, ba za a iya aiwatar da hardening na tsaba ba, amma idan kun yanke shawara akan shi, to, ku taurare tsaba, ba tare da sprouts ba, bayan jiƙa, amma kafin hatching, in ba haka ba akwai haɗarin lalata sprout mai taushi, kuma babu abin da zai yi. girma daga iri .
4. Kuskure a lokacin shuka
Lokacin shuka tsaba don seedlings yana da mahimmanci: idan kun shuka tsaba da wuri, to, tsire-tsire ba za su kasance a shirye don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ba, saboda har yanzu zai yi sanyi a waje, sannan zai girma, yana jiran yanayin da ya dace. . Idan ka yi shuka a makare, to ba za ta ci gaba da girma ba a lokacin da aka shuka shi a cikin ƙasa, don haka ana iya samun jinkiri wajen samun amfanin gona, kuma a wasu lokuta ƙila ba za ka samu ba kwata-kwata.
Yawancin lokaci, yawancin amfanin gona na kayan lambu don seedlings ana shuka su ne a farkon ƙarshen Maris da farkon Afrilu, amma idan muna magana ne game da amfanin gona masu zafi, ka ce, barkono barkono ko eggplant, to ana iya shuka seedlings da wuri – misali, kusa da tsakiyar Maris. Baya ga mikewa ko rashin girma zuwa girman da ake so da matakin ci gaba, tsire-tsire tare da kwanakin shuka ba daidai ba na iya wahala saboda yanayin haske mara kyau – za su fara shimfiɗa har zuwa matakin masauki, ko kuma za a sami jinkiri a cikin samuwar. na goge (kamar, alal misali, a cikin tumatir).
Karanta cikakken kayan mu: Sharuɗɗan shuka kayan lambu don tsiro don yankuna daban-daban da Kalanda don shuka amfanin gona na ado don seedlings.
Seedlings tumatir
5. Kuskure wajen zaɓar ƙasa don tsiro
Lokacin shuka tsaba don seedlings, tabbatar da kulawa ta musamman ga abun da ke cikin ƙasa wanda zaku shuka tsaba. Kada a taɓa amfani da ƙasa “sawa”, yumbu mai yawa kuma an ɗauke shi daga wuraren da ba a sani ba. Yana da kyau kada a ɗauki ƙasa daga wani wuri kwata-kwata, saboda daga baya za ku iya cutar da rukunin yanar gizon ku da kwarin keɓe. Ba za ku iya siyan ƙasa a cikin shagon ba saboda ƙarin farashin kuɗi, amma kawai dafa shi da kanku, musamman tunda ba shi da wahala ko kaɗan.
Zai fi kyau a shirya ƙasa don girma seedlings a cikin kaka, wato, a gaba, kusan watanni shida a gaba. Akwai cakuda duniya wanda mafi yawan iri na amfanin gona iri-iri za su yi girma. Irin wannan cakuda ya ƙunshi nau’i biyu na humus ko takin, wani ɓangare na sawdust mai lalacewa (ya kamata su zama launin toka) da kuma wani ɓangare na yashi (yana da kyau a dauki yashi kogin na matsakaicin juzu’i, zai zama da kyau). wanke shi). Duk wannan yana hade sosai, kuma ana shuka tsaba a cikin wannan abun da ke cikin cakuda.
Karanta game da yadda ake shirya ƙasa da kanta don girma seedlings a cikin kayanmu “Shirya ƙasa mai kyau don seedlings”
6. Shuka mai kauri
Mun kai ga shuka iri, da alama, abin da kuskure za a iya samu? Amma suna, alal misali, yin kauri da yawa yayin shuka. Tabbas, mafi kyawun zaɓi shine shuka iri ɗaya ko biyu a cikin tukwane na peat-humus, amma galibi ana shuka tsaba a cikin kwalaye, suna rufe ƙasa da kusan ko da Layer na tsaba. A dabi’a, tare da dasa shuki mai yawa, za su yi girma da rauni, suna gasa don abinci mai gina jiki da danshi, suna shimfiɗawa, za su yi ƙoƙari su “kama” ƙarin haske don kansu, wanda, a sakamakon haka, tsire-tsire za su karkace kuma suna raunana.
Kar ka manta game da cututtuka: a cikin albarkatun gona masu kauri na tsire-tsire, ƙafar baƙar fata tana aiki, mai iya lalata daga rabi zuwa duk tsire-tsire a cikin akwatin. Don fahimtar abin da nisa ake la’akari da mafi kyau duka lokacin shuka, kula da marufi na tsaba, tabbas an ambaci shi a can. Al’adu daban-daban sun fi son nisa daban-daban, wanda dole ne a yi la’akari.
7. Zurfin iri
Hakanan za’a iya faɗi game da zurfin shuka iri, akwai dokar lambu ta duniya “zurfin dasa iri ya dace da diamita biyu.” A gaskiya ma, haka lamarin yake, kuma idan an shuka tsaba sosai, maiyuwa ba za su tsiro ba. Kuma a nan kuma, umarnin kan kunshin tare da tsaba ya kamata ya zo wurin ceto: dole ne a nuna zurfin sakawa a can, musamman ma idan kamfani ne wanda ya cancanci girmamawa kuma yana neman shiga kasuwa, a gaban masu fafatawa.
8. Rashin isasshen haske don seedlings
Bayan shuka, lokacin kulawar seedling yana farawa kuma yana farawa tare da shigar da ƙarin haske. Yayin da tsire-tsire ba su tashi ba tukuna, babu buƙatar ɓoye kwantena ko kwalaye a cikin duhu, kawai sanya akwatin a kan windowsill na kudancin kuma jira harbe ya bayyana. Da zaran tsiron ya bayyana a saman ƙasa, ya zama dole don ba su ƙarin haske ta hanyar tsawaita sa’o’in hasken rana da kuma kawo shi har zuwa sa’o’i 11-13 tare da taimakon fitilun haske (dangane da amfanin gona).
Ana kunna fitilu, a matsayin mai mulkin, na awanni 1-2 kafin fitowar rana da sa’o’i 1-2 bayan faɗuwar rana. Wani lokaci har da rana. Abu ne mai sauqi don bincika ko ana buƙatar hasken baya a lokacin rana, kawai kuna buƙatar kunna fitilar da rana, idan ya zama mai haske sosai, to ana buƙatar ƙarin hasken wuta, amma idan rana ce a waje da taga kuma babu komai. yakamata ya canza, to babu buƙatar hasken rana.
9. Rashin ruwa
Ruwa shine rayuwa. Amma kuma ruwa na iya yin kisa ga shuka idan an zubar da yawa. Misali, kada a zubar da ruwa da yawa nan da nan bayan shuka iri. A wannan lokacin, ya isa ya fesa ƙasa tare da bindiga mai feshi, kawai danshi danshi, kuma don kada danshi ya ƙafe, rufe akwati a saman tare da fim din abinci. Tare da ruwa mai nauyi bayan shuka, zaku iya zahiri “nutsar” tsaba ko ma zurfafa su da ɗanɗano, wanda zai jinkirta bayyanar sprouts a saman ƙasa. Tabbas, shuka a cikin ƙasa mai bushewa shima ba zai yi kyau ba, don haka ya kamata a jiƙa substrate tun kafin shuka tsaba (wannan zai fi kyau).
A nan gaba, yayin da sprouts ne kananan, za ka iya amfani da wannan fesa gun, kuma da zaran sun girma, canza zuwa misali watering, misali, daga kofin. A lokaci guda kuma, yana da mahimmanci kada a cika ƙasa da ruwa, kuma don hana shi bushewa, wannan ba ƙasa da haɗari ba fiye da ambaliya – tushen tsire-tsire zai bushe kawai (kuma ba rot ba, kamar yadda yake a farkon). harka) kuma tsire-tsire za su mutu.
Kada ku yi amfani da ruwa mai nauyi don shayar da seedlings, musamman daga famfo. Na farko, akwai sanyi sosai a can, na biyu kuma, za a iya samun abubuwan da ake ƙara chlorine waɗanda ke cutar da tsirrai. Ana iya amfani da ruwa ruwan sama, narke ko zaunar da shi aƙalla yini ɗaya. Kafin shayarwa, dumi shi zuwa zafin jiki don kada a sami raguwa yayin shayarwa.
Zai yiwu a iyakance shayarwa sosai, har zuwa ƙarshenta, kawai idan akwai kwana ɗaya ko biyu kafin dasa shuki a wurin. Gaskiyar ita ce, tsire-tsire masu cike da danshi sun fi rauni kuma suna iya shan wahala yayin dasawa fiye da ɗanɗanowar turgor da aka rasa da ƙarin samfura masu rauni.
Seedling kabeji
10. Cin abinci mara kyau
Lokacin girma seedlings, suturar saman yana da mahimmanci, bai kamata ku yi tunanin cewa iri ya ƙunshi duk abubuwan da ake buƙata ba kuma yana da ikon samar da cikakkiyar shuka da kanta. Ana buƙatar suturar sama, amma a cikin ƙanƙanta kaɗan kuma cikin lokaci.
Alal misali, kafin ɗaukar tsaba a cikin kofuna daban-daban, yana da kyau kada ku ciyar da tsire-tsire kwata-kwata, to, kwanaki 4-5 bayan ɗauka, zaku iya ciyar da nitroammophos ta hanyar narkar da tablespoon na wannan hadadden taki a cikin guga na ruwa. Ana buƙatar kusan lita ɗaya na irin wannan maganin kowace murabba’i …
