Dace hunturu ajiya na tsaba

An kammala aikin kaka. An shirya lambun don kakar wasa ta gaba. Lokaci ya yi da za a shirya don aikin bazara, girma seedlings, shuka farkon amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa bude, greenhouses da greenhouses. A cikin maraice na hunturu, a ƙarƙashin rustle na ruwan sama a kudu ko dusar ƙanƙara a yankunan tsakiya da arewacin, za ku iya fara shuka.

kayan lambu tsaba

Yawancin lokaci, a ƙarshen kaka, a ƙarshen duk aikin girbi, mazauna rani da masu lambu suna tattara jerin amfanin gona, duba nau’ikan iri iri ko hybrids da aka gabatar akan wuraren da suka dace kuma zaɓi kayan dasa da suke so bisa ga bayanin ko labarun. na makwabcin saye da shuka.

Ka tuna! Sai kawai tare da ingantaccen ajiya, kayan iri zai ba da abokantaka na abokantaka na seedlings lafiya. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole don sanin kanku a gaba tare da canji a cikin hanyoyin biochemical a cikin tsaba a lokacin ajiya, sharuɗɗan da yanayin ajiya, da tsawon rayuwar tattalin arziki (germination) na iri na amfanin gona daban-daban. Cin zarafin dokokin ajiya zai haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin germination, shan kashi na cututtuka daban-daban kuma, a sakamakon haka, zuwa ƙananan kayan amfanin gona maras kyau a babban kayan aiki da farashin aiki.

Abubuwan da ke ciki:

Hanyoyin biochemical a cikin tsaba a lokacin ajiya

Tsaba suna bambanta tsakanin tsawon rayuwa na rayuwa da tattalin arziki na ikon germinate. Dorewar ilimin halitta shine babban abin sha’awar masana ilimin halitta, amma tsawon rayuwar tattalin arziki yana da sha’awar koyaushe ga masu aiki. Yana da tsawon rayuwa na tattalin arziki wanda ke ƙayyade yanayin germination na tsaba, wanda ke raguwa sosai idan an keta bukatun ajiya.

Dalilan asarar germination

Babban dalilai na asarar germination iri ana la’akari da ƙara yawan danshi a cikin tsaba da iska, da kuma yanayin zafi a cikin ɗakin da aka adana tsaba.

A tsaba ne sosai hygroscopic. Suna iya ɗaukar tururin ruwa daga iska kuma su saki damshi mai tururi a cikin muhalli. A ƙarƙashin mafi kyawun yanayi, ma’auni mai lafiya “numfashi” na tsaba yana saita (nawa kuka bayar, da yawa kuka ɗauka). Matsayin irin wannan ma’auni na numfashi ya dogara ne akan halayen ilimin halitta na tsaba kuma an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar abun ciki na sitaci da mai mai a cikin abun da ke ciki, girman da girman ƙwayar iri.

Tare da danshi abun ciki na tsaba a cikin kewayon 6-12%, numfashin su ba shi da mahimmanci. Ƙara yawan zafi da kashi 1-2% yana ƙara ƙarfin numfashin iri da zafinsu. Hanyoyin biochemical sun fara, wanda ke haifar da asarar busassun kwayoyin halitta. A sakamakon haka, germination yana raguwa sosai, tsaba sun zama m, suna iya rube kuma su mutu, ko kuma rage germination sosai.

Alal misali, a cikin kabeji, karuwa a cikin danshi iri da 2% daga mafi kyau duka yana hanzarta numfashi ta sau 27, kuma ta 4% – ta 80 sau. A aikace, tsaba suna fara girma ba tare da lokaci ba kuma, ba shakka, sun mutu. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na ajiya don yawancin amfanin gona daga cruciferous, kabewa, dangin nightshade ana ɗaukar su 10-12 ºC tare da dangi zafi na iska a cikin ɗakin ba sama da 60%.

Ga wakilan dangin laima, seleri, Lily, kabewa, wasu cruciferous da nightshade, a lokacin ajiya, ba tare da canza yanayin zafi ba, ana rage yawan zafi zuwa 50%. Abubuwan da aka bushe da kyau ba su rasa germination kuma ana kiyaye su da kyau a gida a yanayin zafi daga +1 ºC zuwa -5 ºC.

Hanyoyin adana iri

Ana adana iri a buɗaɗɗe da rufaffiyar hanya.

Tare da hanyar buɗewa, ana adana tsaba har tsawon lokacin ajiya a cikin akwati wanda ke sauƙaƙe iska da danshi zuwa tsaba. Irin waɗannan kwantena sune kwantena da aka yi da yadudduka na halitta – lilin ko jute, wanda aka saka a cikin 1-2 yadudduka (buhuna, jaka, jaka, da dai sauransu).

Tare da hanyar ajiya mai rufaffiyar (ba ta da yawa), ana sanya tsaba a cikin akwati mai tabbatar da danshi. Kwancen mai laushi yana da yadudduka 2. Na sama yawanci ana yin shi da masana’anta kuma layin ciki shine polyethylene. Danshi abun ciki na tsaba a cikin rufin polyethylene bai wuce 6-9%. An daure layin polyethylene tare da tsaba don kare kariya daga shigar danshi, kuma saman masana’anta na sama ana ɗaure shi kawai ko kuma an ɗaure shi da safofin hannu.

Akwatin ajiyar iri na zamani

A ina ake adana tsaba a gida?

A gida, an fi adana tsaba a cikin buhunan takarda masu kauri da aka sanya a cikin kwantena filastik ko ƙananan kwalabe. Ana barin tsaba da ba a cika amfani da su ba a cikin jakunkuna da aka saya, an naɗe su a hankali kuma an kiyaye su daga danshi. Don adana su, yana da kyau a zuba ɗan busasshen gari, sitaci masara ko wasu kayan da ke ɗaukar danshi a cikin kasan gilashin gilashi. Sanya jakunkuna masu kunshe a saman kuma rufe murfin da kyau.

Zai fi kyau a adana tsaba a kan shiryayye na ƙasa na firiji ko a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi daban. Wasu busassun tsaba (dill, Fennel, karas, faski, letas) suna dacewa a cikin kwalban gilashi. A cikin jakunkuna masu yawa, tsaba suna shaƙewa bayan shekaru 1-2 kuma sun rasa germination ko ma mutu.

Sharuddan adana iri germination

An nuna sharuɗɗan adana ƙwayar iri akan alamar tare da sunan, shekarar tarin, aji. Wadannan bayanan suna da mahimmanci don samun cikakkun tsire-tsire, tun lokacin da aka adana fiye da lokacin da aka tsara, germination yana raguwa sosai, kuma tsire-tsire suna da ƙananan rigakafi ga cututtuka da kwari.

Ajin da aka nuna akan lakabin yana nuna adadin yawan ƙwayar iri. Tsaba na ajin farko suna da mafi girman adadin germination, wanda shine 60-95% na amfanin gona daban-daban. Tsaba na aji na biyu – 40-85%. Yawan germination zai taimaka wa mai lambu da kyau don ƙayyade yawan dasa amfanin gona.

Tare da ingantaccen ajiya, tsaba kayan lambu suna riƙe da girma a cikin sharuɗɗan masu zuwa:

• 1-2 shekaru: seleri, chives, parsnips, masara, albasa, leeks
• 2-3 shekaru: lovage, faski, Dill, alayyafo, zobo, leek, coriander,
• 3-4 shekaru: letas, karas, zaki da barkono, black albasa, Fennel, Peas,
• shekaru 3-5: kohlrabi, turnip, beets, farin kabeji, eggplant,
• shekaru 4-5: tumatir, radish, radish, swede, farin kabeji, broccoli,
• 4-6 shekaru: wake, wake,
• 6-8 shekaru: cucumbers, squash, zucchini, kankana, kankana.

Lokacin da aka nuna na adana germination na yaji-dadi (kore) da kayan lambu amfanin gona ba iyakance. Don busassun tsaba, canjin zafin jiki ba mummunan ba ne, amma idan danshi iri ya fi mai mahimmanci, to, a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki, tsaba za su zama m saboda cin zarafi na bugun numfashi (sun karɓi fiye da yadda za su iya bayarwa). ) sannan kuma tsawon lokacin germination zai ragu sosai. A karkashin yanayi mafi kyau, tsaba a cikin lokacin da aka nuna na iya kasancewa mai yiwuwa na wasu 3-5, wasu (tumatir) har ma da shekaru 10.

Wasu dokoki don tunawa

Tsaba da aka sayo daga ma’auni a cikin hunturu ya kamata a sanya su nan da nan a cikin firiji ko a bar su a wuri mai sanyi. A cikin ɗaki mai dumi, jakunkuna masu sanyi suna tattara ƙuƙuka, wanda zai iya rinjayar matakin danshin iri.

A cikin yankunan arewa, yana da kyau a sayi iri daga girbin shekarar da ta gabata. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, saboda ɗan gajeren lokacin rani, ana girbe tsaba ba tare da cikakke ba kuma a cikin gida. Saboda haka, sabobin girbe tsaba suna da ƙananan germination da makamashi germination (germination friendliness).

A kudu, bambance-bambance a cikin germination na 1-2 shekaru tsaba kusan ba za a iya bambanta ba. Amma sabobin tsaba dole ne a dumama su a gida a zazzabi da bai wuce 30-35 ºC ba kafin a adana su.