Don cika lokacin bazara da kuma taimakawa tsire-tsire su samar da cikakkiyar amfanin gona, wajibi ne a aiwatar da aikin shirye-shiryen da ake buƙata a cikin lokacin hunturu:
- duba kantin magani na lambun kuma ku sayi takin ma’adinai da suka ɓace, gami da hadaddun takin mai magani tare da ƙari na microelement;
- additives na microelement guda ɗaya, waɗanda har yanzu ba su da kyau a cikin kayan lambu masu girma – aidin da boric acid, soda burodi; Tufafin saman zai buƙaci yisti na halitta, wasu samfuran halitta (Baikal EM-1, Ekomik fruitful da sauransu); tun daga kaka, ya kamata a shirya tarin toka daga ƙona sharar itace da sauran tarkacen ƙwayoyin cuta.
Aikace-aikacen takin ma’adinai don tumatir. © vsgawade
Hakanan ya kamata ku kalli tsarin kayan lambu a cikin jujjuyawar amfanin gona. Rarrabe al’adun ƙungiyoyi daban-daban waɗanda ke da matakai iri ɗaya da lokutan takin zamani (misali: lokacin budding shine farkon shekaru goma na Mayu, lokacin girma na ovaries shine shekaru goma na biyu na Yuni).
Kara karantawa game da jujjuya amfanin gona a cikin kayan “Hanyoyi biyar na juyawa amfanin gona don gidan rani.”
Duk aikin shirye-shiryen zai ba da lokacin rani kai tsaye don aiwatar da aikin da aka tsara, lokacin da ya fi dacewa don tsarawa don karshen mako (don samun damar “yi sauri sannu a hankali”).
Abubuwan da ke ciki:
Hadi na asali – a cikin kaka da bazara
A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana amfani da babban kashi da nau’in takin mai magani don shirye-shiryen kaka ko raba zuwa kaka da dasa shuki / pre-shuka bazara. Amma waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki bazai isa ga shuke-shuke ba, musamman waɗanda ke samar da babban biomass da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Don kada a ɓata ƙasa, juya ta zuwa wani ɗan yashi mai launin fari na ɗan lokaci, ƙasar tana buƙatar mayar da ita zuwa abubuwan gina jiki da aka fitar. Bugu da ƙari, dawowar ya kamata ya kasance a cikin nau’i na kwayoyin halitta, wanda wasu ƙungiyoyi na ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa ke bazuwa zuwa chelate nau’in gishiri da tsire-tsire ke amfani da su.
Nau’in suturar saman lokacin girma
A lokacin girma, galibi ana amfani da riguna na sama da tushe da foliar. Tufafin saman ana yin su ne da hadaddun takin mai-mai narkewa da ruwa a cikin kauri ko narkar da sifa, da tufafin saman foliar – kawai tare da mafita mai aiki.
Lokacin ciyar da tushen abinci tare da takin mai magani, dole ne a kammala maganin ta hanyar wanke maganin daga tsire-tsire don hana konewar yawan ƙasa a sama. Tushen saman tufafi ana aiwatar dashi a farkon rabin lokacin bazara har sai layuka da tazarar layi suna rufe, sannan su canza kawai zuwa suturar saman foliar don tsire-tsire masu kore.
Foliar saman miya yana ciyar da duk lokacin girma.
Shafar taki ga kasa. © Dorling Kindersley
Nau’in takin mai magani na saman tufafi
A lokacin tufafi na sama, tsire-tsire yakamata su sami isasshen abinci mai gina jiki tare da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a cikin wani lokaci na ci gaba. Mafi kyau ga saman miya shine ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, superphosphate biyu, urea, microfertilizers, Kemira-universal.
A halin yanzu, ana samar da takin ma’adinai wanda aka daidaita tare da bukatun wasu amfanin gona. Don haka, ana samar da Kemira a cikin kayan lambu, dankalin turawa kemira, ga tumatir Agrotuk tumatir, ga cucumbers – Kokwamba, don wake, Peas tare da potassium, molybdenum, magnesium, boron, ga tushen amfanin gona – Kayan lambu da sauransu.
Me ba za a iya ciyar da shi ba?
A cikin shirye-shiryen lokacin bazara, ya zama dole a bayyana a fili abin da za a yi riguna na sama (tushen, foliar), a cikin waɗanne matakai da lissafin takin mai magani na tanki.
A lokacin bazara, ba a amfani da kayan ado na sama don kayan lambu masu kore ko kayan yaji masu ɗanɗano.. A gare su, babban aikace-aikacen takin mai magani ya isa (radishes, albasa a kan gashin tsuntsu, Dill, faski, salads, zobo da sauransu).
Matakan suturar sama a cikin buɗe ƙasa
A al’adance, Tushen Tushen Tushen ana aiwatar da shi a cikin matakai masu zuwa:
- a ranar 10-12th na yawan harbe-harbe na shuka kayan lambu,
- Makonni 2 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe,
- a cikin budding lokaci – farkon flowering,
- bayan flowering
- a lokacin girma na ovaries,
- tare da maimaita girbi (cucumbers, tumatir, barkono mai dadi, eggplants) – bayan girbi na gaba na ‘ya’yan itatuwa.
Ana yin suturar saman foliar, a matsayin mai mulkin, kwanaki 5-6 bayan tushen.
gaggawa foliar saman miya ne da za’ayi tare da bayyanannen yunwa na amfanin gona, wanda aka ƙaddara da jihar na sama-kasa taro, musamman, ganye.
Mafi kyawun lokacin don jiyya na shuka shine lokacin safiya kafin karfe 10 na rana da rana – bayan karfe 15 na safe.
Tsarin ciyarwar da aka ba da shawarar ga ƙungiyoyin amfanin gona na ba da shawara ne a cikin yanayi, galibi ga masu lambu na farko. Masu kwarewa, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da nasu kwarewa a kan lokuta da hanyoyin ciyarwa.
Tsarin ciyarwa na gargajiya
A cikin lokacin yawan harbe-harbe na amfanin gona na kayan lambu, ana yin suturar saman tare da takin ammonia a cikin ƙimar 8-12 g / mitar madaidaiciya. Ana amfani da takin mai magani a tsakiyar tazarar layi, an rufe shi da Layer na ƙasa, sannan a sha ruwa. Idan ƙasa ba ta da ƙasa, to ya fi dacewa don takin tare da nitrophoska a cikin kashi ɗaya.
Seedlings na kayan lambu amfanin gona a cikin bude ƙasa ana ciyar da a karon farko tare da nitroammophos al’ada na 10-15 g / mikakke mita, bi da watering da mulching kasar gona.
A cikin matakai masu zuwa na ci gaban shuka, ana yin suturar sama bisa ga matakan da aka tsara. Kayan lambu na kayan lambu suna buƙatar mafi girman adadin abubuwan gina jiki a lokacin budding, girma na yawan ƙasa a sama da kuma lokacin girma ‘ya’yan itace. A cikin waɗannan lokuttan, ana buƙatar suturar sama, gami da foliar. Wadannan sune manyan tufafin shuke-shuke ta kungiyoyin amfanin gona a lokacin rani.
Kokwamba. © shukar birni
Takin kabewa amfanin gona a lokacin rani
Ana ciyar da Cucumbers, zucchini, squash, kabewa a karon farko tare da busassun takin mai ɗauke da nitrogen ko nitrophoska a cikin ɓangarorin 3-4 waɗanda ba a buɗe ba, kusan 2-3 g a ƙarƙashin daji kokwamba da 3-4 g ƙarƙashin sauran. kabewa. Kuna iya tsoma nitroammophoska ko kemira. Narke 10-25 g na takin mai magani a cikin lita 30 na ruwa da kuma zuba 1,5-2,0 l / sq. daga wani watering a karkashin tushen. m saukowa.
Ana yin suturar saman na biyu a cikin lokacin budding, zai fi dacewa tare da toka tsakanin layuka ko tare da maganin kwayoyin halitta. Idan ƙasa ta kasance 70-80% an rufe shi da koren tarin shuke-shuke, to sai ku nace kofuna 2 na ash a cikin lita 2 na ruwa na tsawon kwanaki 10 kuma ku zub da ruwan sha ba tare da bututun ruwa ba, kuna ƙoƙarin shiga cikin daji. A cikin jiko na ash, za ka iya ƙara da miyagun ƙwayoyi “Ideal” ko wani dauke da alama abubuwa. Idan akwai takin gargajiya, to sai a tsoma kilogiram 0,5 na taki ko taki kaza a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, bar tsawon kwanaki 1-2 kuma a zuba a ƙarƙashin tushen. Bayan yin ado na sama, tabbatar da wanke maganin miya da ya fadi daga ganye.
Bayan fure a cikin lokacin girma girma na ovaries, ana haɗe tsaba na kabewa tare da nitrophoska, cakuda urea tare da takin mai magani na potassium, ta amfani da potassium sulfate. a kowace murabba’in mita 6-10 g na taki. 4-6 kwanaki bayan kowane tushen miya, foliar mafita na microelements za a iya za’ayi bisa ga shawarwarin shirya mafita.
Ciyarwar Nightshade
Tumatir, barkono mai dadi da eggplants a duk matakan faduwa a cikin lokacin Mayu-Yuni ana ciyar da su tare da nitrophoska ko wasu hadadden taki. A wannan lokacin, dole ne a yi suturar saman foliar tare da maganin Kemira tare da ƙari na acid acid ko shirye-shiryen “Giant”. Ana ba da sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar yin ado tare da slurry ko taki kaza lokacin da aka narkar da, bi da bi, a cikin 8-10 da 12-15 lita na ruwa.
Kwanan nan, sakamakon yin amfani da hanyoyin da ba na al’ada ba wanda ke da tasiri mai tasiri akan solanaceous ya bayyana a shafukan shawarwari. A cikin lita 10 na ruwa, narke 30 saukad da iodine, teaspoon ba tare da saman boric acid da cokali na kayan zaki ba tare da saman soda ba. Kuna iya ƙara tablespoon na ammonium nitrate. Ganyen tanki yana motsawa sosai kuma ana kula da tsire-tsire. Tun daga watan Yuli, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire na nightshade tare da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium (bushe), dasa su a cikin jere-rayi na 30-40 g / mitar layi ko 40-60 g / sq m. m yanki. Babban sutura tare da maganin yisti na halitta (100 g da lita 10 na ruwa) yana da tasiri. Amfani a ƙarƙashin daji shine lita 1,0-1,5 na bayani.
Abincin dankalin turawa
Dankali ba sa son sabbin takin zamani kuma mafi mahimmanci, a lokacin girma da kuma samar da amfanin gona, suna buƙatar phosphorus da, musamman, takin potash.
A ƙarƙashin dankali, ana amfani da duk adadin da ake buƙata na taki a cikin fall ko kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin dasa shuki na tubers. Mafi kyawun taki shine kemira-dankali ko kemira na duniya. A cikin rashi, an gabatar da nitrophoska don dasa dankali. Adadin aikace-aikacen don dasa shine 60-80 g / sq. m yanki. Idan ana amfani da hadi kai tsaye yayin dasawa, to, ƙimar shine 15-20 g kowace rami. Ana hada taki a cikin rami tare da ƙasa. Bayan makonni 3-4, ana yin takin tare da nitrophoska ko kemira a kashi 30-40 g / sq. m. Na gaba saman miya ne da za’ayi a cikin lokaci na tuber girma.
Dankali. © Rabawa
Abincin wake
Kayan lambu da wake, wake, wake amfanin gona ne da ke cinye adadi mai yawa na sinadirai a kowace naúrar samar da amfanin gona. Sabili da haka, yawanci ana takin su a duk lokacin girma bayan kwanaki 15-20 tare da cikakken taki (nitrophoska, wani hadadden taki). Drug “Giant” yana da tasiri mai kyau akan wannan rukuni na tsire-tsire.
Legumes na buƙatar samun isasshen adadin potassium a cikin ƙasa, wanda amfanin gona ke amfani da shi don isar da abinci mai gina jiki ga amfanin gona da ke tasowa. Kuna iya amfani da shi don ciyar da foliar gauraye da potassium sulfate (1-2 tablespoons da guga na ruwa). Bayan fure, zaku iya amfani da toka ko tsantsa toka don suturar sama.
Cruciferous abinci mai gina jiki
Farin kabeji, farin kabeji da sauran nau’ikan suna buƙatar ƙarin adadin abubuwan gina jiki, farawa daga lokacin samuwar kai.
Kada a ciyar da kabeji da wuri. Ana ciyar da na tsakiya da marigayi kwanaki 10-15 bayan dasa shuki a cikin bude ƙasa tare da nitrophos tare da ƙarin abubuwan ganowa. Ana diluted cokali 3-4 na taki a cikin lita 10 na ruwa kuma ana shayar da tushen tushen tare da kwakwalen shuka. Biye da watering da mulching. Kashi na biyu a farkon curling kai yana da kyau a yi shi tare da kwayoyin halitta ko kayan lambu, amma koyaushe tare da ƙari na 20-30 g na superphosphate da guga na mullein ko zubar da tsuntsaye.
Organics ana diluted a cikin rabo na 1 part na taki zuwa 10-15 sassa na ruwa. Bi da bi, bayan makonni 3-4, ana yin 2 ƙarin riguna na foliar tare da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium, ta amfani da superphosphate mai narkewa da potassium sulfate, 20-25 g kowace guga na ruwa. Hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce ciyar da kabeji tare da kemira na duniya, crystallin ko crystallon. Wadannan takin zamani, ban da manyan abubuwa, sun ƙunshi boron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, magnesium, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don samar da cikakken kan kabeji.
Kabeji. © abunci
Yadda za a ƙayyade abin da shuka ya rasa?
Wani lokaci da za’ayi saman miya ba ya inganta yanayin shuke-shuke. A wannan yanayin, al’adar micronutrient mai yiwuwa ba ta da yawa. Rashin su yana da sauƙi don ƙayyade ta hanyar yanayin da ke sama-kasa.
- Rashin manganese yana bayyana a cikin launin rawaya na gefuna na ganyen ganye daga tsofaffin ganye zuwa matasa,
- rashin ƙarfe, akasin haka, yana haifar da launin rawaya na ganye tsakanin veins; canjin launi yana farawa da ƙananan ganye kuma sannu a hankali rawaya yana bazuwa daga sama daga ganyayen matasa zuwa tsofaffi waɗanda ke ƙasa da tushe na shuka,
- chlorosis na ganye (leaf leaf wanda ba shi da haske kore a launi) yana nuna rashin nitrogen;
- rashin magnesium yana da sauƙin ƙayyade ta hanyar launin rawaya na gefen ganyen ganye tare da tint ja-violet; a hankali ganyen ya zama tabo ya fado.
- rashin phosphorus yana nuna kanta a cikin nau’i na inuwa ta tagulla na ganye, da potassium – violet-blue; tsiron ya fara…
