Phytophthora, wanda ya ketare bakin kofa na cutarwa, shine ainihin annoba na lambu. Cutar tana da haɗari musamman a cikin ƙayyadaddun sarari na greenhouses da hotbeds. A cikin kwanaki 2-3, a ƙarƙashin yanayi mafi kyau don yaduwar cutar, har zuwa 70% na amfanin gonar tumatir ya mutu. Late blight yana yaduwa ta hanyar zoospores da ke mamaye ragowar ganye, mai tushe na tsire-tsire iri-iri, a cikin ƙasa, a kan kayan aiki da sauran gine-gine da sassa na greenhouses da kuma kusa da filin greenhouse. Sun kasance masu yiwuwa na shekaru 3-5 kuma suna iya tsira daga sanyi 20-30 a cikin ƙasa. Sabili da haka, ana buƙatar cikakken disinfection na shekara-shekara na greenhouse da gaggawa, wanda zai lalata phytophthora spores kuma ya hana bayyanar cutar a cikin sabon kakar.
Phytophthora a cikin greenhouse – hanyoyin rigakafi da sarrafawa. © Suzanne Arruda
Abubuwan da ke ciki:
Ana shirya wani greenhouse bayan marigayi blight na gaba kakar
A cikin yaƙin da ake fama da cutar a makara, babu wani keɓantaccen maganin kashe qwari da za a fesa a kan greenhouse – kuma an lalata ƙarshen cutar. An ƙaddara tasirin yaƙin ta hanyar hadaddun aikin aikin kaka-bazara da kuma bincikar bincike akai-akai don gano cutar a cikin tsire-tsire masu girma, aiwatar da matakan kariya akan lokaci.
Ana iya raba shirye-shiryen greenhouse don kakar wasa ta gaba zuwa matakai 2:
- aikin waje akan tsaftacewa da disinfection na ƙasa da firam ɗin greenhouse kanta;
- na ciki aiki a kan disinfection na firam, gabatarwa da ƙasa.
Ana shirya greenhouse daga waje
Bayan girbi, sararin da ke kewaye da greenhouse yana ‘yantar da shi daga fashe kwantena da kayan aiki. Ana gyara duk kayan aikin da ake amfani da su a lokacin kakar (hanyoyi, masu sassaƙa, zato, wuƙaƙe, da sauransu) ana gyara su, an lalata su kuma an tura su zuwa wani daki mai bushewa na musamman.
Suna tattarawa da lalata ganyen da suka fadi a kusa da greenhouse, busassun ciyawa da sauran tarkace a cikin abin da marigayi blight zoospores, wasu cututtuka da kwari na iya overwinter.
An wanke saman murfin greenhouse sosai daga ƙura. Kuna iya amfani da sabulu da ruwa, amma yana da kyau a yi amfani da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta. Don kawar da greenhouse daga rashin jin daɗi, ana amfani da maganin bleach ko jan karfe sulfate.
Hankali! Lokacin aiki tare da masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran sinadarai, tabbatar da yin amfani da matakan tsabtace mutum.
Idan an rufe greenhouse tare da suturar da za a iya cirewa don hunturu, bayan an wanke shi a hankali an cire shi, an yi birgima kuma a adana shi a cikin bushe, ɗakin da aka lalata. Duba firam na greenhouse, aiwatar da gyare-gyaren da ake bukata.
Idan an rufe greenhouse tare da polycarbonate ko glazed, to, ana yin aikin gyara don maye gurbin gilashin ko mayar da sassan da aka lalata na polycarbonate. An rufe ramukan da ke cikin magudanar ruwa tare da sealant. Sa’an nan kuma gefen waje na murfin greenhouse da firam ɗin kanta an wanke su sosai. A lokacin hunturu, kullun dusar ƙanƙara ana cire su daga greenhouse.
Don rage gurɓatar sararin samaniya kusa da greenhouse, ba a taɓa shuka tsire-tsire na nightshade kusa da greenhouse ba, musamman dankali ( amfanin gona da ya fi shafa a ƙarshen blight ).
Umarnin don aiwatar da aikin ciki a cikin greenhouse
Don shirya yadda ya kamata da kuma lalata cikin cikin greenhouse daga phytophthora, ya fi dacewa don yin duk aikin a cikin tsari mai zuwa:
Cire duk tsarin ban ruwa mai ɗaukar hoto (hoses, ganga na ban ruwa, kwantena, kayan aiki, da sauransu). Suna wankewa, lalata da kuma tura su zuwa ɗakin amfani.
Suna tsaftace ɗakin greenhouse daga shelves, alluna, racks, pegs, ragowar igiya. An jera, lallai an shafe shi, bushe da adana a cikin gida.
Suna tsaftace gadaje daga ragowar tsire-tsire – tushen tushen phytophthora. Cire saman da saiwoyi, marasa girbi, marasa lafiya, ‘ya’yan itatuwa marasa tushe da sauran tarkacen shuka. Za a iya sanya saman koshin lafiya (kamar cucumbers) a cikin tudun takin. Duk ciyayi da tarkace da aka fitar da su daga cikin greenhouse, musamman ma idan an yi lahani a ƙarshen amfanin gona, dole ne a ƙone su.
Kafin kamuwa da cuta, ana “wanka” greenhouse, yana kawar da ɗakin da ƙura da datti. A wanke saman ciki, gami da firam, da ruwan sabulu ko ƙari na jan karfe sulfate. Metal galvanized Tsarin ana wanke su tare da maganin vinegar 9%.
Bayan kammala aikin gabaɗaya, an shirya maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta daga phytophthora da kayan aikin da suka dace.
Tare da shirye-shiryen da aka shirya na lemun tsami mai laushi daga bangon baya na greenhouse zuwa ƙofofi, a zahiri sun farar da duk tsarin katako na greenhouse tare da kauri mai kauri, ba a rasa wuraren da ke da wuyar isa ba, fashe, rufi, kayan gyarawa, tallafi. ginshiƙai, da sauransu. Dole ne a fentin ƙarfen ƙarfe ko sassan ƙarfe ɗaya a cikin greenhouse. Idan ba zai yiwu a fenti ba, to ana bi da su tare da ruwa na Bordeaux.
Idan a cikin kaka ba su sami damar kawar da greenhouse daga phytophthora ba, to a cikin bazara 3-4 makonni kafin fara aikin yanayi, ana wanke greenhouse, benayen katako da sauran firam ɗin an wanke su da lemun tsami. , da karfe Frames ana bi da tare da 9% vinegar. Rike dakin na tsawon kwanaki 2 zuwa 5, shaka da kuma bi da biofungicides (duba sashin “Amfani da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu” a ƙasa).
Ka tuna! Lokacin aiki tare da maganin sinadarai, tabbatar da bin ka’idodin kariyar tsabta ta sirri: na’urar numfashi, tabarau, kayan kai, safar hannu, takalma, tufafi na waje.
Hanyoyi don lalata greenhouse daga phytophthora
Ana iya raba hanyoyin disinfection na Greenhouse zuwa:
- sinadaran;
- nazarin halittu;
- zafin jiki;
- hadaddun.
sarrafa sinadaran
Mafi saukin kamuwa da cuta na wurin tare da mafita:
- bleach;
- lemun tsami;
- mayar da hankali bayani na jan karfe sulfate;
- sulfur checkers;
- sinadaran fungicides.
don shirya bleach 0,5-1,0 kilogiram na busassun busassun an narkar da shi a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Sanya na tsawon sa’o’i 3-4, tacewa da fesa duk cikin ciki, rufe dukkan tsarin katako (ƙarin kariya daga lalacewa). Hermetically rufe na kwanaki 2-3, sannan a watsar. Bayan samun iska daga bleach vapors, ana bi da firam ɗin katako tare da 5-10% bayani na jan karfe sulfate, kuma an fentin karfe (aƙalla bayan shekaru 2-3).
Ana iya kashe shi tare da bayani lemun tsami. Don shirya wani bayani na lemun tsami, ana amfani da waɗannan sinadaran: 3-4 kilogiram na lemun tsami mai laushi an haɗe shi da 0,5 kilogiram na jan karfe sulfate da lita 10 na ruwa. Tare da kauri mai kauri, firam ɗin katako, aikin bulo da duk wuraren da ƙwayoyin cuta na microflora na iya jujjuya su ba tare da lahani ba za a iya wanke su da kyau a hankali.
Copper sulfate Yana magance phytophthora da kyau. An shirya cikakken bayani daga 100-150 g na vitriol a kowace lita 10 na ruwa, kuma duk wuraren tarawa na microflora na pathogenic an wanke su a hankali tare da wannan abun da ke ciki.
Daga cikin hanyoyi daban-daban na disinfection, mafi mashahuri shine fumigation tare da dunƙule sulfur. Hanyar tana ɗaukar ɗan lokaci kaɗan da farashin aiki. Hayaki yana shiga cikin duk wuraren da ke da wuyar isarwa a cikin dakin, yana barin cizon sauro a makare babu damar tsira. An shimfiɗa lumps na sulfur akan kwandon ƙarfe na 100-150 g kowane. Trays tare da sulfur gauraye da kananzir da daya a kowace murabba’in mita 1,0-1,5. m yanki na greenhouse kuma an kunna wuta, yana motsawa daga bangon baya zuwa fita daga dakin.
Dakin da ake kula da shi daga phytophthora an rufe shi ta hanyar hermetically kuma a bar shi tsawon kwanaki 4-5, sannan a ba da iska. Wajibi ne a yi aiki a cikin na’urar numfashi, tabarau da tufafi masu kariya. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa sulfur dioxide, wanda aka kafa a lokacin konewar sulfur, yana da haɗari ga lafiyar mutum da dabba.
Sulfur fumigation za a iya za’ayi tare da shirye-sanya checkers “Face”, “Climate”, “Volcano”. Hanyar amfani da aka yi dalla-dalla akan marufi.
Ka tuna! Idan firam na greenhouse karfe ne kuma ba fenti ba, ba za a iya amfani da fumigation na sulfur ba saboda kunna ayyukan lalata.
Kasuwancin sinadarai yana ba da kewayon tasiri iri-iri sinadaran fungicides, wanda da sauri ya lalata ɗakin da ƙasa a cikin greenhouse daga phytophthora. Sun hada da sinadarin sulfur, iron, mercury, jan karfe, manganese da sauran su, wadanda ke haifar da babbar hadari ga rayuwa da lafiyar mutane da dabbobi.
Sabili da haka, yana da kyau kada a yi amfani da su a cikin abubuwan sirri ko amfani da su tare da kulawa sosai, bin duk shawarwarin don aiki tare da irin waɗannan abubuwa. Sharuɗɗan aiki tare da fungicides da sauran buƙatu koyaushe ana rubuta su akan marufi ko ta hanyar shawarwarin aikace-aikacen.
Ana iya amfani da fungicides na sinadarai a kan phytophthora a cikin nau’i na fumigation ko spraying, wanda aka ba da shawarar da safe ko maraice a dakin da zafin jiki a cikin + 10 … + 25 ° C.
Daga cikin sinadarai na fungicides daga phytophthora, ana iya ba da shawarar don lalata wuraren ta hanyar fesa:
- Ecocid-S, 5% bayani;
- “Virkon-S”, 2-3% bayani;
- Virocid, 1% bayani.
- “Oxyhom”, 2-3% bayani;
- “Abiga-peak”, 3-5% bayani.
Ana fesa wurin da mafita na aiki, a bar shi a rufe har tsawon kwanaki 2-3, sannan a watsar da shi kuma a bushe.
Ana amfani da Chloropicrin don gassing wuraren su, yana kashe 15-40 g na abu a kowace mita mai siffar sukari. Ana aiwatar da aikin a zazzabi da bai ƙasa da +12 ° C ba. Ana ajiye dakin har tsawon kwanaki 3-5, sannan a watsar da shi.
sarrafa zafin jiki
Ana iya maye gurbin amfani da sunadarai daga phytophthora hasken rana “gasasu” na dakin. Idan kaka ya yi zafi kuma ya bushe, ɗakin yana rufewa ta hanyar hermetically. Yanayin zafin jiki yana tashi zuwa +35 ° C. A dakin da aka kiyaye hermetically shãfe haske daga dama hours zuwa 2-3 days. Zoospores a yanayin zafi na +30 ° C suna rage ayyukansu, kuma a + 35 ° C suna fara mutuwa. A dabi’a, tushen cutar ba ya mutu gaba ɗaya, amma ɗakin yana kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar 70-80%.
A cikin yankuna masu sanyi, ana amfani da shi sosai don magance cututtukan marigayi da sauran cututtuka. “Daskarewa” na greenhouse. Yana da tasiri ga kananan greenhouses. A cikin sanyi na hunturu, ana barin greenhouse a buɗe don kwanaki da yawa. Ba lallai ba ne a rufe ƙasa da dusar ƙanƙara, tun da phytophthora zoospores za su yi hunturu cikin kwanciyar hankali a ƙarƙashin Layer. Bayan daskarewa, ƙasa a cikin greenhouse an rufe shi da dusar ƙanƙara.
Amfani da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu
A gida, musamman idan greenhouses ƙananan ne, yana da kyau a yi amfani da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu don lalata greenhouse daga phytophthora. An haɓaka shirye-shiryen akan ingantaccen microflora mara lahani ga mutane, wanda ke da ikon kashe cututtukan fungal na shekaru da yawa. Yanayin kawai: biofungicides ba sa aiki a ƙananan yanayin zafi. Jiyya na cikin gida tare da mafita na biofungicides ya kamata a gudanar da shi a zazzabi a cikin ɗakin da ba ƙasa da + 12 … + 14 ° C.
An yi amfani da shi don lalata wuraren Biopreparation “Fitop-Flora-S”. An narkar da 100 g na abu a cikin lita 10 na ruwa na dechlorinated kuma an fesa dakin sosai. Bayan makonni 1,5-2,0, ana maimaita spraying.
Biofungicide “Fitosporin” kasance na duniya disinfectants ga greenhouse. Ana amfani da shi don sarrafa wurare, ƙasa da tsire-tsire a lokacin girma. Don fesa wurin, an shirya cikakken aikin aiki (50 ml da lita 10 na ruwa) kuma ana kula da wuraren a hankali. Bayan fesawa, ana rufe greenhouse na kwanaki 4-5. Sa’an nan kuma a ci gaba da aiki.
Hakazalika, ana kula da dakin greenhouse “Trichodermin”, “Baktofit” da sauran kayayyakin halitta.
Complex aiki na greenhouse
A cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, greenhouses suna amfani da matakan matakan don magance phytophthora: “gasa”, “daskarewa” wuraren, tare da kula da tsire-tsire a cikin kakar tare da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu Fitosporin-M, Alirin-B, Krezatsin, Trichoplant. Baktofit”, “Planzir”, da dai sauransu. Haka kuma shirye-shirye iri ɗaya suna da tasiri wajen lalata wuraren da ƙasa. An yi cikakken bayani game da marufi da yanayi don aikace-aikacen biofungicides akan marufi, a cikin sakawa ko shawarwari masu rakiyar.
Ga gidajen gine-ginen gida, mafi karɓuwa dangane da farashin aiki, farashi da aminci ga lafiya shine …
