Girma eggplant seedlings

Eggplant ko da yaushe yana da alaƙa da launin shuɗi da ‘ya’yan itace mara nauyi. Amma kwanan nan, shayarwa suna bayar da irin wannan iri da kuma hybris da ba a sani ba a launi na waje da tsari, fari, tagulla, baƙi, farin ciki da ƙararrawa. Ba a sani ba dandano, yawan amfanin ƙasa, fasahar girma seedlings da girma shuke-shuke. Don girma babban amfanin gona, kuma daji na eggplant zai iya samar da ‘ya’yan itatuwa 25, kuna buƙatar sanin wasu daga cikin sifofin halittu na waɗannan baƙi na Indiya. Ta hanyar cika buƙatun girma (ta hanyar ƙirƙirar yanayin da aka saba), koyaushe za ku sami amfanin gona mai inganci, ba tare da la’akari da iri-iri ko matasan da ke girma a cikin lambun ku ba.

Eggplant seedling. © Joel Ignacio

Babban abin da ake buƙata na eggplant shine tsawon lokacin hasken rana (ba fiye da sa’o’i 12-14 ba). Eggplants tsire-tsire ne tare da ɗan gajeren sa’o’in hasken rana da haɓaka har ma da sa’o’i 1-2 yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin babban lokacin dumi (Yuni, Yuli) babu samuwar ovaries. Tare da raguwa a cikin tsawon yini (Agusta, Satumba), eggplants suna samar da amfanin gona sosai, amma ya fi ƙanƙanta, tunda manyan watanni 2 na bazara sun ɓace, lokacin da akwai isasshen zafi da sauran yanayi masu mahimmanci.

Iri na Eggplant, musamman tsofaffi, ana ɗaure su da tsawon yini, kuma wannan yanayin ba ya canzawa a cikin tsoffin nau’ikan. A halin yanzu, an ƙirƙiri sababbin tsararrun tsire-tsire – hybrids da nau’ikan da ba su da hankali ga tsawon rana. Suna iya girma a kowane latitude. Saboda haka, kafin ka je kasuwa, duba kalandar, wanda ya nuna a fili tsawon rana a yankinka. Bincika nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan eggplant waɗanda masana ke ba da shawarar yankin ku kuma ku je don siyan tsaba ko shirye-shiryen da aka shirya.

Abubuwan da ke ciki:

Fasaha don girma eggplant seedlings

Shirye-shiryen iri

Masu aikin lambu masu novice sukan sayi kayan iri da aka shirya akan kasuwa ko daga ‘yan kasuwa masu zaman kansu. Wannan shine kuskure na farko. Ba a san irin inganci da iri da iri za su sayar da ku ba. Koyaushe siyan iri a cikin shaguna na musamman da cibiyoyi. An riga an sarrafa su kuma an shirya su don shuka. Dole ne tsaba da aka girbe a gida su zama iri-iri; hybrids na amfanin gona da ake so ba za su yi ba. A wannan yanayin, yana da kyau a saya shirye-shiryen da aka shirya a cikin cibiyoyin kasuwanci na musamman.

Zaɓin tsaba na eggplant lokacin siye

Lokacin siyan iri, a hankali karanta umarnin akan jakar:

• sunan iri-iri ko matasan dole ne a nuna a sarari, bayanan doka game da mai samarwa (wayar tarho, adireshin jiki, da sauransu),
• lokacin siyan matasan, ba da fifiko ga ƙarni na farko (lakabin F1). Kwayoyin wannan ƙarni sune mafi tsayayya ga yanayin zafi, cututtuka da kwari,
• adadin tsaba a cikin jaka,
• kwanan tarin iri
• shirye-shiryen tsaba don shuka (aiki).

Kai shiri na tsaba don shuka eggplant seedlings

• Don tada da tsaba daga nazarin halittu dormancy da kuma bugun sama da fitowan na eggplant harbe, mu dumi su a cikin wani thermos ko ruwan zafi. A zazzabi na +45 .. + 50 ° C, mun sauke tsaba a cikin gauze dam a cikin ruwan zafi na minti 3-5 (ku yi hankali kada ku tafasa su).
• Bayan dumama, muna yayyafa (disinfect) tsaba a cikin wani bayani na 1% na potassium permanganate don kare kariya daga cututtuka. Muna sauke tsaba a cikin jakar gauze a cikin bayani na minti 15-20 kuma ku wanke a karkashin ruwa mai gudu. Maimakon potassium permanganate, yana yiwuwa a tattara tsaba daga kwayoyin cuta da fungi a cikin wani bayani na daya daga cikin biofungicides phytosporin-M, alirin-B, gamair SP, trichodermin, albite bisa ga shawarwarin. A wannan yanayin, da tsaba ba a wanke, amma nan da nan dried to flowability.

Kwai-kwai suna tsiro a hankali kuma suna buƙatar isassun abubuwan gina jiki a farkon matakan. Don haka, har yanzu suna buƙatar a bi da su tare da abubuwan haɓaka haɓaka da abubuwan gina jiki. Don rage yawan jiyya na iri, yana yiwuwa a haɗa disinfection tare da biofungicides, haɓaka haɓaka (epin, manufa, zircon, da sauransu) da microfertilizers (microvit, cytovit) a cikin cakuda tanki.

Lokacin shirya cakudawar tanki, muna narkar da kowane shiri daban bisa ga shawarwarin, sa’an nan kuma zuba shi a cikin akwati daya da haɗuwa. Bayan dumama, muna sauke kayan iri a cikin bayani don 10-12 hours. Sa’an nan, ba tare da wankewa, bushe a dakin da zafin jiki har sai flowability.

Eggplant seedling. © Hai! Sam!

Mataki na ƙarshe na shirya tsaba na eggplant don shuka shine hardening

Shirye-shiryen busassun tsaba na eggplant ana ajiye su a gida da rana a zazzabi na +18 … +22 ° C, kuma da dare muna canja su zuwa ƙananan shiryayye na firiji tare da zazzabi na + 2 … + 3 ° C. Muna maimaita wannan hanya don mako guda (5-6 days).

Bayan hardening, tsaba sun kusan shirye don shuka. Don hanzarta fitowar seedlings, ana shuka tsaba na eggplant kwanaki 2-3 kafin shuka. Don yin wannan, an warwatse su a kan ɗan goge goge a cikin saucer, an rufe su da zane iri ɗaya a saman kuma an sanya su cikin wuri mai dumi, duhu. Da zaran tsaba sun taru, sai a tura su cikin busasshiyar datti, a bushe su fara shuka.

Ƙasa shiri don shuka eggplant tsaba

Cakuda ƙasa don shuka tsaba na eggplant ya kamata ya zama tsaka tsaki a cikin acidity, haske, iska da ruwa mai yuwuwa, danshi-m, cike da abubuwan gina jiki, disinfected daga fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari.

Shawarwari ga cakuda ƙasa:

• balagagge humus 2 sassa,
• ƙasa soddy 1-2 sassa ko kashi 1 na hawan peat (tsaka tsaki),
• 1 part yashi ko Semi-rotted sawdust (ba coniferous).

Kuna iya amfani da wani haɗin gwiwa:

• 1 part na humus (biohumus) ko 2 sassa na high-moor peat,
• 2 sassa na sod ko leaf ƙasar,
• za ka iya ƙara 0,5-1,0 part na yashi.

Dole ne mu lalata cakuda da aka shirya ta hanyar da ta fi dacewa a gare ku (ta hanyar dumama, ƙwanƙwasa, ƙonawa, daskarewa, ko wani abu). Bayan bushewar cakuda ƙasa mai lalata, muna rayar da shi ta hanyar haɗa shi da samfuran halitta na Baikal EM-1, trichodermin, planriz da sauransu. Suna haɓaka saurin haifuwa na amfani ko tasiri microflora (shirye-shiryen EM) kuma a lokaci guda suna lalata ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Idan an yi aikin noman ta hanyar rigar (mafita), sa’an nan kuma mu bushe substrate kuma mu cika da takin mai magani don guga 1 na cakuda ƙasa 30-40 g na nitrophoska da gilashin ash ash. Kuna iya yin cakuda takin mai magani: 15-20 g na urea, 30-40 g na granular superphosphate, 15-20 g na potassium sulfate ko gilashin ash na itace. Mix da cakuda sosai kuma cika kwandon da aka shirya da ƙasa.

Eggplant seedling. © Chris Traweek

Shuka kwanakin don tsaba na eggplant

Eggplants suna halin tsawon lokacin girma da jinkirin ci gaba. Dangane da tsawon lokacin daga germination zuwa girma na fasaha, eggplants sun kasu kashi 3:

A farkon eggplants, fasahar fasaha na ‘ya’yan itace yana faruwa a ranar 85-90th daga germination, a tsakiyar 90-120 kuma a ƙarshen kwanaki 120-150.

A cikin yankunan kudancin Rasha da sauran yankuna, ana shuka tsaba na eggplant don seedlings a ƙarshen Fabrairu – shekaru goma na farko na Maris. Seedlings ana shuka su a bude ƙasa daga tsakiyar watan Mayu zuwa farkon shekaru goma na Yuni. Dangane da lokacin girbin ‘ya’yan itace, ana canza shuka don seedlings dangane da lokacin farko ta kwanaki 10-12.

Kuna iya shuka a lokaci guda da wuri, tsakiyar da marigayi nau’in eggplant don seedlings, amma lokacin canja wuri zuwa buɗe ƙasa zai bambanta: farkon eggplant yana da shekaru 45-55, matsakaici 55-70 kwanaki da ƙarshen 70-80 kwanaki. Zai yiwu a dasa shuki a farkon kwanan wata don dindindin dindindin idan ya girma (miƙe) kuma yanayin yanayi ya dace.

A cikin yankin tsakiya da arewacin Rasha, lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude ko wuraren da ba a dasa su ba, a ƙarƙashin matsuguni na wucin gadi, ana dasa shuki na eggplant a cikin shekaru 60-70, wato, ana shuka tsire-tsire akan tsire-tsire a ranar 15 ga Maris. . Ana tsawaita saukowa a kan dindindin har zuwa shekaru goma na farko na Yuni, lokacin da yanayin dumin kwanciyar hankali ya tashi. Hakanan ana iya girma iri iri a cikin waɗannan yankuna, amma greenhouses masu zafi, ƙarin haske da sauran ƙarin yanayi ana buƙatar (wanda ba shi da riba).

Eggplant. © Brittany Hotard

Fasaha na shuka eggplant tsaba don seedlings

Eggplants ba sa jure wa dasawa da kyau, don haka yana da kyau a shuka seedlings ba tare da ɗauka ba. A cikin kwandon da aka shirya, danshi cakuda ƙasa kaɗan. A cikin ƙasa mai cike da ruwa, tsaba na iya shaƙewa ba tsiro ba. Ina sanya lattice na musamman tare da nests 6 × 6 ko 8 × 8 cm (dangane da yanayin daji na gaba). A tsakiyar kowane gida, na shuka tsaba 1-2 zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm. Tare da irin wannan makirci, daga 1 square. m na jimlar yanki, fitarwa na seedlings zai matsakaita 250-150 seedlings.

Bayan shuka, na yayyafa tsaba na eggplant tare da cakuda ƙasa iri ɗaya tare da Layer na 1-2 cm. Idan ana aiwatar da shuka a cikin kwantena daban (kofuna waɗanda peat-humus tukwane, kaset na musamman), na sanya su a cikin akwati na gama gari kuma sanya su cikin wuri mai dumi, duhu. Idan ana aiwatar da shuka a cikin ƙasa na greenhouse, na rufe shuka da lutrasil. Seedlings suna bayyana a cikin makonni 1,5-2,0.

Idan kun yanke shawarar shuka tsiro na eggplant ta hanyar karba, to ana aiwatar da shi a cikin lokacin ganye na gaskiya 2-3. 2-3 days kafin a dauka, ana shayar da su don rage cutar da tsarin tushen. Ana dasa su cikin kwantena ko kwantena tare da yanki mai girma na ciyarwa, zurfafa tsire-tsire zuwa ga ganyen cotyledon. Zabin yana da inuwa, ana kiyaye ƙasa da ɗanɗano. Ana yin shayarwa tare da ruwa mai dumi.

Yanayin zafin jiki na eggplant seedlings

Tsarin zafin jiki yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen girma seedlings lafiya. Don haka, wajibi ne a kiyaye yanayin yanayin da aka ba da shawarar:

• Ya kamata a kiyaye zafin ƙasa daga shuka zuwa germination a cikin +20.+28 °C.
• A cikin makonni 2 na farko bayan germination, yanayin zafin ƙasa yana raguwa zuwa +17.+18 ° C da dare, kuma ana kiyaye shi a cikin +20..+22 °C da rana.
• A cikin lokaci mai zuwa, har zuwa taurin seedlings, ana kiyaye zafin ƙasa da dare da rana a cikin yanayin zafi bayan fitowar.
• Yanayin zafin jiki a cikin makon farko bayan germination ya ragu zuwa +8.+10 °C da dare, kuma ana kiyaye shi a cikin +14.+16 °C da rana.
• A cikin lokaci mai zuwa (daga hardening na seedlings zuwa hardening na manya seedlings), da iska zafin jiki ne + 11 . + 14 ° C, kuma a lokacin da rana ya dogara da hasken wuta. A ranakun rana, za ku iya ɗaga zafin jiki zuwa +25.+27 ° C, kuma a ranakun girgije, rage shi zuwa +18.+20 ° C. Canjin zafin iska ya zama dole don kada tsire-tsire su shimfiɗa.

Ganyen kwai a ranar 43. © Janetho88

Kula da eggplant seedlings

A lokacin girma da ci gaban shuka eggplant, ban da tsarin zafin jiki, wajibi ne don saka idanu da zafi na ƙasa da iska, ciyar da tsire-tsire a kan kari, kare su daga kwari da cututtuka, da taurare su. Tsiran da ba a taurare ba idan aka dasa su cikin yanayin muhallin da suka canza suna rashin lafiya kuma suna iya mutuwa.

Lokacin da kwari (aphids, caterpillars, whiteflies) suka bayyana, ana fesa tsire-tsire na eggplant tare da bioinsecticides bisa ga shawarwarin (fitoverm, bitoxibacillin, lepidocide da sauransu).

Watering eggplant seedlings

Ana aiwatar da shayarwa bayan kwanaki 2-3 tare da matsakaicin ƙa’idodi na tsayayyen ruwa, mai zafi zuwa +20 .. + 25 ° C. Bayan shayarwa, na cilla ƙasa tare da busassun yashi don hana tushen rot.

Lokacin shayarwa sau biyu a wata, Ina ƙara shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu na antifungal (Trichodermin, Planriz da sauran biofungicides) zuwa ruwan ban ruwa. Ba su da lahani ga mutane, wanda ke da mahimmanci musamman lokacin girma seedlings a cikin wurin zama. Ana rage zafin iska ta hanyar samun iska ba tare da zane ba.

Ciyar da eggplant seedlings

Ina aiwatar da suturar farko a cikin lokaci na ganye 2-3 ko makonni 1,5-2,0 bayan ɗauka. Ina taki da ruwan ban ruwa. Ina shirya bayani mai gina jiki bisa guga na ruwa: 5-10 g na urea da 30 g na superphosphate mai narkewa. Kuna iya shirya mafita daga cikakken takin ma’adinai ta hanyar narkar da 10-30 g …