Hardening na seedlings

Hanyar shuka kayan lambu da sauran amfanin gona na lambu yana da alaƙa da yanayin yanayin mu. A mafi yawan yankuna na Tarayyar Rasha, lokacin da ba tare da sanyi ba tare da matsakaicin zafin rana na +10 … +15 ° C shine kwanaki 110-140 a shekara, wanda ya fi ƙasa da yadda ake buƙata don yawancin kayan lambu tare da dogon lokaci. lokacin girma (daga kwanaki 130 zuwa 200 ko fiye). Yana yiwuwa a shuka da shuka shuke-shuke a cikin bude ƙasa daga Maris-Afrilu – lokacin babban isowar hasken rana. Amma lokacin sanyi yana farawa a cikin yankuna daga Mayu 25 zuwa Yuni 10-15. An halicci yanayin yanayi wanda ke iyakance ci gaban al’ada na tsire-tsire. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, lokacin greenhouse na kwanaki 30-60 shine kyakkyawan tanadin lokaci don amfanin gona masu son zafi waɗanda ba su da ɗan gajeren lokacin rani don samar da albarkatu amfanin gona a cikin fili.

Hardening na seedlings
Abubuwan da ke ciki:

Me yasa ya zama dole don taurara seedlings?

Seedlings a cikin Apartments da greenhouses ana girma a karkashin wucin gadi halitta yanayi a mafi kyau duka yanayin zafi na +18 … +30 ° C, da kaifi canji a zazzabi da kuma yanayin zafi lokacin dasa shuki a cikin bude ƙasa barnatar da tasiri yanayin da seedlings. Bugu da kari, duk wani shiga tsakani a cikin yanayin yanayin tsirrai, gami da dasawa, yana haifar da cuta. Lokacin dasawa, tushen tsarin yana shan wahala. Ana buƙatar lokaci don mayar da tsarin al’ada na samar da ruwa zuwa gabobin tarin tsire-tsire na sama.

A lokacin wannan lokacin farfadowa, tasirin muhalli mai laushi akan matasa seedlings ya zama dole. Tsarin tushen da ba ya aiki, rashin daidaituwa tsakanin tsananin haske da yanayin zafin jiki yana haifar da tsayawa a cikin musanya da ci gaba a cikin tsire-tsire. Don rage lokacin yin amfani da sabon yanayi, wanda zai ba da gudummawa ga saurin dawo da tsire-tsire, dole ne a hankali a saba da shi ko shirya seedlings zuwa sababbin yanayi. Wannan shi ne babban jigon hardening seedlings.

Yadda za a taurare seedlings yadda ya kamata?

Ta hanyar seedlings, za ku iya girma kusan dukkanin kayan lambu na kayan lambu, lokacin ci gaba wanda ya fi tsayi fiye da lokacin dumi na yankin, kuma idan kuna so, za ku iya samun girbi na farko na kayan lambu a cikin filin bude. Wadannan amfanin gonakin sun hada da tumatur, barkono mai dadi da daci, kwai, cucumbers, kabewa, kabewa, kankana, kankana, kabeji iri-iri da sauran kayan amfanin gona.

Don samun lafiya, al’ada ci gaba seedlings, hardening ya kamata a da za’ayi a duk tsawon lokacin da girma da kuma ci gaban a cikin gida (a cikin wani greenhouse, hotbeds, a gida a kan windowsill, da dai sauransu) har sai da dasa shuki a bude ƙasa. Seedlings a hankali sun saba rayuwa a cikin yanayin buɗe ƙasa.

Seedlings suna taurare kashe riga 2-4 kwanaki bayan germination. © Dee Sewell

Taurin zafin jiki

Ana yin taurin farko na seedlings kwanaki 2-4 bayan germination. A cikin kwanaki 4-7, yawan zafin jiki na iska a cikin dakin yana raguwa daga + 17 … + 25 ° C zuwa + 8 … + 16 ° C a rana kuma daga + 10 … + 15 ° C zuwa + 7 … + 12 ° C. da dare, dangane da al’ada (tebur. 1 da tebur. 2), wanda counteracts da elongation na seedlings.

Ƙarin raguwa ko a cikin kwanaki masu zafi, karuwar yawan zafin jiki zai rage jinkirin ci gaban seedlings da cutar su. Tun daga makonni 2 da haihuwa, tsarin zafin jiki na seedlings har zuwa farkon hardening na seedlings ana kiyaye shi a cikin kewayon da aka ba, a hankali yana ƙarfafa yanayin muhalli.

A ranakun zafin rana, ɗakin yana samun iska ba tare da zane ba. Bude windows ko transoms daga mintuna 5-15 a rana zuwa awanni 2-4. A lokacin lokacin girma na greenhouse, ya zama dole don saka idanu akai-akai ba kawai yanayin iska ba, har ma da ƙasa. Tsarin tushen da aka yi da shi, sau ɗaya a buɗe ƙasa, ba zai jure yanayin zafi ba kuma yana iya yin rashin lafiya, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar shuka.

Tebur 1

Sunan al’ada
Yanayin iska, ° C

4-7 kwanaki daga germination na seedlings
Daga ranar 8th daga hardening na seedlings zuwa hardening na seedlings
Yafi gizagizai
rana
Farin ciki
Da dare
rana
rana
da dare
tumatir
13-15
7-9
17-20
21-25
7-9
barkono mai dadi da zafi
14-17
8-10
18-20
25-27
11-13
Eggplant
14-17
8-10
18-20
25-27
11-13
farkon farin kabeji
8-10
7-9
13-15
15-17
7-9
kabeji
10-12
7-9
14-16
16-18
7-9
kokwamba
18-22
15-17
18-20
22-25
15-17
Zucchini, barkono
20-22
15-17
18-20
20-25
16-17

Table 2

Sunan al’ada
Yanayin zafin ƙasa, ° C

12-15 kwanaki daga germination na seedlings
Daga ranar 16th daga hardening na seedlings zuwa hardening na seedlings
da rana
da dare
da rana
da dare
tumatir
18-22
15-16
18-20
12-14
barkono mai dadi da zafi
20-24
17-18
20-22
15-16
Eggplant
20-24
17-18
20-22
15-16
farkon farin kabeji
15-17
11-12
14-16
10-11
kabeji
17-19
13-14
15-17
12-13
kokwamba
22-25
18-20
22-25
15-17
Zucchini, barkono
20-23
17-20
20-24
15-17

yanayin hasken rana

Seedlings na duk seedling amfanin gona a farkon kwanaki ba zai iya tsayawa kai tsaye hasken rana da kuma iya samun mai tsanani ƙona matasa ganye. Saboda haka, daga lokacin germination, seedlings suna inuwa na farko na kwanaki 3-4, suna barin minti 15-20 a rana a rana daga 10 zuwa 11 ko daga 14 zuwa 15 hours. Lokacin hasken rana yana ƙaruwa a hankali kuma ta hanyar makonni 2 ana iya barin seedlings a buɗe a buɗe gabaɗayan yini.

Hasken seedlings. © Talita Purdy

Bukatar ƙarin haske na seedlings

A cikin lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, tsire-tsire a fili ba su da ƙarfin hasken halitta, kuma tsire-tsire masu tsayi suna buƙatar ƙarin haske. Lokacin ƙarin haske don tumatir shine sa’o’i 14-16 a rana. Don eggplants da barkono, har zuwa lokacin 4 na gaskiya ganye, lokacin haske yana 14-16 hours, kuma a nan gaba – 10-12 hours. Don cruciferous, lokacin ƙarin hasken wuta yana daga sa’o’i 10-12. Cucurbitaceae tsire-tsire ne na ɗan gajeren rana kuma baya buƙatar ƙarin haske.

Lokacin girma seedlings na amfanin gona da yawa a cikin greenhouse tare da lokuta daban-daban na haske, ana amfani da abin rufewa wanda baya watsa hasken haske. Lokacin girma seedlings na amfanin gona da yawa tare da tsawon sa’o’in hasken rana daban-daban a cikin yanayin ɗaki, bayan sa’o’i 10-12 na lokacin haske, ana fitar da kwantena tare da tsire-tsire zuwa ɗaki mai duhu da sanyi, kuma washegari za a koma wurin su.

Hardening seedlings kafin dasa shuki a cikin bude ƙasa. © Karen

Hardening seedlings kafin dasa shuki a cikin bude ƙasa

Ko da kuwa wurin da ake noma (a gida, a cikin greenhouse, a cikin greenhouse, a ƙarƙashin tsari na wucin gadi da aka yi da fim ko spunbond), dole ne a taurare seedlings kafin dasa. Makonni 1-2 (babu) kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, ana rage zafin iska da dare zuwa + 12 … + 14 ° C don tumatir, eggplant, barkono mai daɗi, kabewa, da ƙari masu jure sanyi (kabeji, shugaban letus) – har zuwa +6 … + 8 ° C.

Idan kun ƙara lokacin hardening mai aiki zuwa makonni 3 ko fiye, har ma tare da ƙarin rage yawan zafin jiki, shuka yana hana haɓaka, wanda daga baya ya rage yawan amfanin gona, wani lokacin har zuwa 30%.

Rage yawan zafin jiki na kwanaki 3-5 kafin saukarwa an kawo shi zuwa matakin yanayin zafin jiki na sararin samaniya. Don yin wannan, ana fitar da tsire-tsire masu girma a cikin gida zuwa baranda da aka rufe kuma a bar su nan da nan kowane lokaci. Zai fi kyau a rufe taga da dare don kada a sami sanyin dare mai kaifi. Idan an girma seedlings a cikin greenhouse ko greenhouse, ana haɓaka transoms ta yadda zafin jiki a hankali ya kama da zafin titi.

A lokaci guda tare da hardening na iska part, tushen tsarin seedlings ya saba da ƙananan kuma mafi tsanani yanayi. Tare da rage yawan zafin jiki na iska, an rage yawan ruwa. Ba a canza yawan shayarwa ba, kawai tazara tsakanin waterings yana ƙaruwa. Tsawon lokacin bushewa yana ba da gudummawa ga bushewar coma na ƙasa. Ƙasar ta kasance mai laushi a cikin yankin tushen tsarin, amma ta bushe a cikin babba.

Wannan yanayin yana dakatar da ci gaban seedlings. Ya zama mafi “stocky”, tsarin tushen yana girma sosai, kayan aikin ganye suna tasowa, an rufe ganyen kabeji da murfin kakin zuma. Yana da matukar muhimmanci kada a bushe ƙasa a wannan lokacin. Buds za su fara fadowa, turgor na ganye zai ragu zuwa yanayi mai raɗaɗi. Gabaɗaya, yiwuwar shuke-shuke zai ragu.

Kwanaki 1-2 kafin dasa shuki, ana aiwatar da gyare-gyare na sama, yana ba da shuke-shuken abinci mai gina jiki. Wasu lambu suna aiwatar da wannan hanya kwanaki 10-12 bayan ɗauka. Kuna iya ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da maganin ammonium nitrate, superphosphate da potassium sulfate (10, 40 da 60 g da lita 10 na ruwa) ko nitrophoska 60-70 g / 10 lita na ruwa. Don babban sutura, zaku iya amfani da kemira, crystallon ko wasu takin ma’adinai masu ɗauke da nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium. Tufafin saman zai rage lokacin rayuwa kuma yana ƙara adadin kafaffen shuke-shuke har zuwa 100%.

Kwanaki na ƙarshe, ya kamata tsire-tsire su kasance a kusa da agogo a cikin buɗaɗɗen sarari a ƙarƙashin alfarwa ko a baranda mai buɗewa. Idan akwai barazanar sanyi, an rufe tsire-tsire tare da spunbond ko wasu masana’anta na murfin dare. Fim ɗin tsari ba shi da daɗi ga shuke-shuke.

Tsire-tsire masu tauri da kuma ciyar da su sosai, lokacin da aka dasa su cikin filin, za su fi sauƙi jure yanayin damuwa kuma su ci gaba da haɓaka haɓakarsu. Tare da shirye-shiryen rashin inganci don dasawa, tsire-tsire suna jinkirta ci gaba na kwanaki 5-10 ko fiye.