Sai dai itace cewa eggplant ne mai perennial, kuma muna girma da shi a matsayin shekara-shekara. ‘Ya’yan itacen eggplant na iya zama Berry mai launi da siffofi daban-daban. Kuma ba kawai silinda mai shuɗi ba: nau’in pear, mai siffar zobe, serpentine tare da nama mai farin fari ko kore, ba tare da haushi ba. Launin fatar ‘ya’yan itace ya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu mai launin ja, launin ruwan kasa mai launin toka zuwa rawaya ko launin toka.
Eggplant. © Anne Underwood
An bayyana abubuwan ban sha’awa na kayan lambu da gaskiyar cewa ya fito ne daga Indiya. A cikin Latin, sunansa a zahiri yana nufin “nightshade tare da apple.” Nightshade a cikin tsohuwar Romawa an dauke shi kyauta daga allahn Rana – Gishiri – (gishiri, sunflower). Tsohon Helenawa sun ɗauki eggplant a matsayin tsire-tsire mai guba kuma suna kiranta “apple na hauka”, suna gaskanta cewa wanda ya ci zai rasa tunaninsa … Kuma yanzu mun san cewa eggplants … suna da dadi!
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) – nau’in tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire na Nightshade, amfanin gona na kayan lambu. An kuma san shi da badridjan (da wuya bubrijan), kuma a cikin yankunan kudancin Rasha ana kiran eggplants blue.
Abubuwan da ke ciki:
Girma eggplant
Muna sanya eggplants bayan mafi kyawun magabata, su ne gourds, kabeji, albasa, tushen amfanin gona. Muna mayar da eggplants zuwa wurinsu na asali ba a baya fiye da shekaru 2-3 ba. Idan kun ajiye su a wuri guda a kowane lokaci, tsire-tsire suna fama da cututtukan fungal da cututtukan hoto. Muna dasa a buɗaɗɗen wuri mai haske.
Bayan girbi amfanin gona na baya, nan da nan za mu tsaftace ƙasa daga ragowar shuka, cika shi da humus a cikin adadin kilogiram 80-100, superphosphate – 400-450 g, gishiri potassium – 100-150 g da 10 m².
Muna tono shafin zuwa zurfin 25-28 cm daga kaka. A farkon bazara, da zaran ƙasa ta bushe, muna aiwatar da harrowing. Tuni a cikin Afrilu, muna amfani da takin nitrogen (urea) a kashi na 300 g a kowace 10 m² tare da sakawa zuwa zurfin 6-8 cm.
Aiki ya nuna cewa shuka tare da manyan iri iri yana ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Yadda za a warware iri? Don yin wannan, zuba lita 5 na ruwa a cikin guga, sanya 60 g na gishiri a can. Lokacin da gishiri ya narke, muna barci da tsaba, sa’an nan kuma motsa su na minti 1-2, bayan haka muna tsayawa na minti 3-5. Sa’an nan kuma mu zubar da tsaba masu iyo tare da bayani, wanke sauran tsaba da ruwa mai tsabta sau biyar zuwa shida. Bayan wankewa, ana shimfiɗa manyan tsaba masu nauyi a kan zane kuma a bushe.
Kafin shuka, yana da kyawawa don ƙayyade germination na tsaba. Don wannan dalili, a kan ƙaramin farantin da aka rufe da takarda mai tacewa, sanya tsaba 50 ko 100, ɗanɗana takarda da ɗanɗana a kan windowsill a cikin ɗaki mai zafi. Lokacin da tsaba suka ƙyanƙyashe (bayan kwanaki 5-7), muna ƙididdige ƙimar germination a cikin kashi. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen guje wa ƙananan harbe.
Lambu suna girma eggplant yafi ta hanyar seedlings. Ana samun shi a cikin greenhouses tare da taki Layer na 50-60 cm. Ana aiwatar da shuka iri a cikin greenhouses a farkon Maris, wato, kwanaki 55-60 kafin dasa shuki a wuri na dindindin. Kafin shuka, ana kula da sassan katako na greenhouse tare da maganin 10% na bleach ko wani lokacin farin ciki na lemun tsami mai laushi.
Tsarin ƙasa: ƙasar sod gauraye da humus a cikin rabo na 2: 1. Ana zubar da ƙasan kore a kan taki tare da Layer na 15-16 cm. Kafin shuka, ana ɗanɗano ƙasa tare da superphosphate a cikin adadin 250 g kowace firam ɗin greenhouse (1.5 m²). Ana shuka 8-10 g na tsaba a ƙarƙashin firam tare da sakawa zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm. Don wani yanki na 10 m², ya isa ya girma seedlings 100. Ana kiyaye tsarin zafin jiki a lokacin shuka iri a cikin 25-30 ° C. Tare da fitowar tsire-tsire, yawan zafin jiki a cikin kwanaki 6 na farko ya rage zuwa 14-16 ° C. Sa’an nan kuma ana daidaita yawan zafin jiki: a cikin rana suna kula da 16-26 ° C da dare 10-14 ° C.
Lambu sun san cewa tsarin tushen tushen eggplant yana da wuya a dawo da shi, kuma, ya tsage yayin dasawa, yana baya baya cikin girma. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a shuka seedlings a cikin tukwane-humus. Don tukwane, an shirya cakuda abinci mai gina jiki daga sassa 8 na humus, sassa 2 na ƙasa soddy, 1 part na mullein tare da ƙari na kusan 10 g na urea, 40-50 g na superphosphate da 4-5 g na potassium gishiri da guga. na cakuda. Girman tukwane shine 6 × 6 cm.
Kwanaki 8-4 kafin shuka, ana shigar da tukwane tam a cikin wani wuri mai dumi tare da kauri na ƙasa na 5-6 cm. Idan tukwane sun bushe, to, an yayyafa su kuma ana sanya tsaba 8-4 a kowace. Daga sama, ana yayyafa tsaba da ƙasa tare da Layer na 1-2 cm.
Ana shayar da seedlings a cikin greenhouses kamar yadda ake bukata, yawanci ana yin haka da safe kuma a lokaci guda suna shayar da greenhouse. A cikin yanayin sanyi mai hadari ba shi yiwuwa a sha ruwa.
Seedlings suna buƙatar ciyarwa. Don yin wannan, ɗauki 50 g na superphosphate, 20 ammonium sulfate da 16 g na potassium gishiri a cikin guga na ruwa. Daga kayan ado na halitta, ana amfani da mullein, zubar da tsuntsaye ko slurry. An riga an riga an haƙa zubar da tsuntsu da mullein a cikin baho (kwanaki 6-8). Ruwan da aka haɗe yana diluted da ruwa: maganin zubar da tsuntsu shine sau 15-20 (don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin lokacin farkon ganye na gaskiya) ko sau 10-15 (don seedlings tare da ganye 4-5). Maganin mullein yana diluted da ruwa sau 3-5, kuma slurry sau 2-3.
Organic da ma’adinai kari a madadin. Tufafin farko na farko (takin mai magani) ana aiwatar da kwanaki 10-15 bayan germination, na biyu – kwanaki 10 bayan suturar farko tare da takin ma’adinai. Bayan ciyarwa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire tare da ruwa mai tsabta don wanke ɗigon maganin daga gare ta.
Kwanaki 10-15 kafin dasa shuki, tsire-tsire suna taurare: an rage shayarwa, an cire firam ɗin (a farko kawai don kwana ɗaya, sannan, dangane da yanayin iska, tsawon yini). Kwanaki 5-10 kafin dasa shuki a wuri na dindindin, ana fesa tsire-tsire tare da maganin 0.5% na jan karfe sulfate (50 g da lita 10 na ruwa) don kare tsire-tsire daga cututtukan fungal.
Eggplant lokacin dasa shuki a wuri na dindindin ya kamata ya sami ganye na gaske 5-6, mai kauri mai kauri da ingantaccen tsarin tushen.
A jajibirin dasa shuki, ana shayar da seedlings a cikin greenhouse sosai. Ana fara dasa shuki lokacin da yuwuwar sanyi ya ɓace, wato, a ƙarshen farkon ko a farkon shekaru goma na biyu na Mayu (na Crimea). Jinkirta a cikin dasa shuki har tsawon kwanaki 7-10 yana haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Seedlings girma ba tare da tukwane aka zaba, ajiye wani clod na ƙasa. An dasa shi zuwa zurfin 7-8 cm, 1.5 cm zurfi fiye da tushen wuyansa. Tazarar layi shine 60-70 cm, tazara tsakanin tsire-tsire a jere shine 20-25 cm. Idan ƙasa a kan tushen tana da rauni, to, lokacin da ake ɗaukar seedlings, ana tsoma tushen a cikin mash na mullein tare da yumbu. Mun sake lura: tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar tushe da sauri, suna ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma suna cire shi kwanaki 20-25 a baya.
Eggplant seedling. © Jen & Josh
Dasa eggplant kula
Muna dasa tsire-tsire na eggplant a cikin ƙasa mai laushi a cikin yanayin girgije ko da rana. Don haka tsire-tsire suna samun tushe mafi kyau. Muna damfara ƙasa kusa da tushen da kyau da ruwa nan da nan. Bayan kwanaki 3-4, muna dasa sabon abu a madadin tsiron da suka fadi kuma muna aiwatar da shayarwa ta biyu (200 l, ana ba da ƙimar ruwa da takin a kowace 10 m²).
Jimlar yawan waterings don bazara shine 9-10, bayan kwanaki 7-9. Bayan kowane shayarwa, muna kwance ƙasa zuwa zurfin 8-10 cm, a lokaci guda muna cire ciyawa. Muna aiwatar da suturar farko ta kwanaki 15-20 bayan dasa shuki (urea 100-150 g). Mun ba na biyu saman miya makonni uku bayan na farko (maganin superphosphate 150 g da urea 100 g). Ana dasa takin tare da fartanya zuwa zurfin 8-10 cm kuma ana shayar da shi nan da nan. A farkon ‘ya’yan itace, babban sutura tare da sabo na mullein (6-8 kg) yana da tasiri tare da ruwan ban ruwa. Bayan kwanaki 15-20, ana iya maimaita ciyar da mullein sabo.
Tsire-tsire na eggplant na iya kaiwa hari ta hanyar ƙwaro dankalin turawa na Colorado. A kan wannan mummunan kwaro, muna amfani da maganin chlorophos 0,3% maida hankali (30 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi a kowace lita 10 na ruwa). Alamar aikace-aikacen shine ƙyanƙyashe na tsutsa ƙwaro.
Eggplant seedling. © Vitalii
Eggplant iri
Mafi kyawun nau’in eggplant: Delicacy, Gribovsky-752, Early Dwarf-921, Donskoy, Long Purple, Bulgarian. Launi mai launin shuɗi mai duhu na fata yana cikin rukunin gabas na farkon nau’ikan (iri iri: Delicacy, Dwarf farkon, Vostochny).
A cikin rukunin yammacin nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan ma’auni ma’auni ne masu daidaitacce, nau’in ‘ya’yan itace, oval, ovoid, gajeriyar nau’in pear, cylindrical (iri iri: Krymsky, Donskoy).
Don girma a ƙarƙashin fim a tsakiyar layi, ana amfani da farkon ripening farkon iri: Delicacy 163, Dwarf farkon 6, da dai sauransu Daga cikin tsakiyar ripening da masu amfani, Universal 6, Simferopolsky 105, da dai sauransu sun dace.
Mafi kyawun lokacin girbi shine bushe, yanayin sanyi har zuwa sanyi na farko. Ko da m sanyi lalacewa ya sa eggplant rashin dacewa da amfani.
Albatross
- Tsakanin kakar wasa mai girma. Lokacin daga germination zuwa girbi shine kwanaki 115-130. Itacen yana da ƙarfi, 40-60 cm tsayi. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna taqaitaccen nau’in pear, suna yin la’akari 300-450 g, tare da babban ɓangaren litattafan almara ba tare da haushi ba. Launi a cikin fasaha na fasaha shine blue-violet, a cikin ilimin halitta – launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa. Haske da ɗaukakawa suna da kyau. Amfanin duniya.
Larabci
- ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari masu ban sha’awa. Lokacin daga germination zuwa girbi na farko shine kwanaki 120-130. Dajin yana yaduwa da yawa, 85-90 cm tsayi a cikin buɗe ƙasa. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne cylindrical, 20-25 cm tsayi. ‘Ya’yan itacen suna riƙe da halayen kasuwa na dogon lokaci.
Eggplant “Dogon Purple”
Eggplant “Bagheera”
Eggplant “Black Beauty”
Bagheera
- Matasan eggplant na farko na zaɓin Gavrish. Tsire-tsire suna da ƙarfi. Furen furanni guda ɗaya, kusan 5 cm a diamita. ‘Ya’yan itace masu nauyin 250-300 g, m, duhu purple. Bangaren matsakaicin yawa fari ne tare da koren tint, ba tare da haushi ba. An daidaita matasan da kyau don noma a cikin ƙasa mai kariya.
Barbentane
- A sosai farkon iri-iri na eggplant don girma a cikin fim greenhouses da bude ƙasa. Tsire-tsire masu tsayi 1.8 m. Yawancin ‘ya’yan itatuwa.
vicar
- Farkon cikakke (kwanaki 110-115) iri-iri na eggplant na zaɓi na VNIISSOK. Yawan aiki a cikin greenhouse fim shine 5-7 kg / m. Shuka nau’in nau’in nau’in ƙaddara, mai tushe tare da launin anthocyanin. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne mai siffar pear ko gajeriyar siffar pear, launin shunayya, nauyin 200 g. Ƙyayyun suna da rauni.
dogon purple
- A sosai farkon iri-iri na eggplant. Itacen yana girma da sauri, yana da ɗanɗano tare da gajeriyar internodes, tsayin 40-55 cm. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da tsayi, masu sheki, suna auna 200-300 g.
Don Quixote
- farkon cikakke (100-120 days) eggplant iri-iri na zaɓin Manul don glazed da greenhouses na fim. Tsire-tsire suna da matsakaici. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne mai duhu purple, 35-45 × 5-6 cm a girman, nauyin 300-400 g
Lolita
- Eggplant matasan na zaɓin “Gavrish” tare da lokacin ripening na kwanaki 110-115. Don kowane nau’in tsarin ƙasa mai kariya. Shuka yana da matsakaici, a cikin gilashin gilashin 270-330 cm, a cikin greenhouses na fim 70-80 cm. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne mai duhu shuɗi, elongated (18-25 cm), yin la’akari 250-309 g, ba tare da voids. Tsarin ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da fari, mai yawa, ba tare da haushi ba, tare da ƙananan adadin tsaba da kuma babban jin dadi. An keɓe shi a cikin 1998 don yankuna na tsakiya, Tsakiyar Black Earth da Ural. Samuwar 14.7 kg/m
Mariya
- Iri-iri-iri-iri-iri-iri-iri tare da ‘ya’yan itacen siffa mai tsayi mai tsayi, launi mai launi-purple da nauyin 200-225 g.
Nautilus
- Tsakanin farkon (120-130 days) eggplant matasan ga glazed da mai tsanani fim greenhouses na Manul selection. Tsire-tsire suna da ƙarfi. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari na launin shuɗi mai zurfi, mai siffar saber, 21-28 x7-10 cm cikin girman da nauyin 300-500 g.
Bakar kyakkyawan mutum
- Farkon cikakke (kwanaki 78) nau’in nau’in nau’in ƙwai na zaɓin Danish. Itacen yana da tsayi 50-60 cm. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da kyau, m, siffar cylindrical na yau da kullum, nauyin 200-250 g.
Black Moon
- Matsakaici-farkon ‘ya’yan itace, iri-iri na eggplant mara kyau. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da siffar zagaye, 15-20 cm a diamita. Yana saita ‘ya’yan itatuwa da kyau a ƙananan zafin jiki.
Diamond
- Tsakanin kakar (109-149 kwanaki) eggplant iri-iri na Donetsk OBS kiwo, m shuka, 46-56 cm high. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne cylindrical, duhu purple, …
