Powdery mildew cuta ce ta fungal da ke faruwa akan kowace shuka kuma tana da yawa musamman idan akwai wadataccen zafi da danshi. Kakanninmu, sa’ad da suka zo lambun suka ga wani abin kunya a jikin ganyen, cikin baƙin ciki sun lura cewa ashtray ya iso, ko kuma lilin, kamar yadda ake kira tun da farko. Gaskiyar ita ce, wannan lilin a zahiri daga igwa mara lahani na iya zama dodo mai iya lalata yawancin amfanin gona ko ma duka, idan ba ku yi yaƙi da shi ba. Game da abin da powdery mildew yake a kan kayan lambu amfanin gona, abin da cutar da shi zai iya haifar da tumatir, cucumbers da sauran kayan lambu, da kuma yadda za a kayar da shi, za mu gaya a cikin labarin.
Powdery mildew akan ganyen barkono. © Scott Nelson
Abubuwan da ke ciki:
Powdery mildew shine kamuwa da cututtukan fungal
A gaskiya ma, powdery mildew shine kamuwa da cuta na fungal wanda ke yadawa (sa’an nan kuma yana tasowa) ba kawai ta iska ko kwari ba, har ma da ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin ƙafafunmu a cikin ƙasa. Suna cikin suna mai rikitarwa, amma, a zahiri, tsari mafi sauƙi na fungi mildew powdery, ko erysiphous.
Kamar yadda muka riga muka ambata, powdery mildew yana da “omnivorous”, yana iya cin gonar inabin da kuka fi so, kyawawan wardi, gooseberries (saboda shi, yanki ya ragu sosai), kusan kowane amfanin gona, peaches, da cucumbers, zucchini da kabewa. sugar gwoza da sauran kayan lambu shuke-shuke.
Alamomi da tasirin powdery mildew
Alamar farko da ya kamata ku kula sosai shine, ba shakka, kwalliyar foda, kuma wani lokacin yana daga kasan ganyen (wannan mildew ne mai ƙasa) kuma daga sama (ainihin). Idan kuma yaran ba su zagaya wurin ba, suna watsa wani abu mai foda a kan shuke-shuken, kuma banda haka, gonakin sun yi kauri, ƙasa ba ita ce ta farko ba, kuma ana ruwan sama fiye da yadda muke so, to akwai ɗaya kawai. hukunci – wannan harin, kash, bai tsere muku ba. Wani lokaci akan wani farar fata, ɗigon danshi da ake iya gani a fili na iya bayyana, amma rufin yana iya zama ba tare da su ba.
Yawancin lokaci, a kan amfanin gona na kayan lambu, powdery mildew yana nuna kanta ba kawai a kan rassan ganye ba, yana iya zama a kan petioles, da kuma a kan ƙananan harbe, da kuma a kan ‘ya’yan itatuwa da stalks. Cutar ta farko ta shiga ta cikin ganyen ganyen, kuma idan aka matse ganyen a ƙasa, hakan yana ƙara yuwuwar kamuwa da ita. Hakanan ya shafi harbin shuka kayan lambu – an danna shi zuwa ƙasa, wanda ke nufin cewa yuwuwar kamuwa da cuta zai zama matsakaicin. Kuma duk abin da yake mai sauƙi ne – cutar ta kama dukan tsire-tsire na kayan lambu gaba ɗaya.
Idan kai masanin ilimin botanist ne ta dabi’a, to, dauke da gilashin ƙara girma, zaku iya duban wuraren da mycelium ke haɗuwa da ganye da kuma ulcers da aka samu a wannan wuri. A bayyane yake cewa shuka zai fara bushewa, saboda naman gwari zai zana yawancin abinci mai gina jiki da danshi, kuma ganyen da ke ƙarƙashin naman gwari ba zai iya aiwatar da matakan photosynthesis na al’ada ba.
A cikin amfanin gona na kayan lambu na shekara-shekara, ikon iya jurewa hunturu da juriya ga abubuwan muhalli mara kyau yana raguwa. A lokaci guda kuma, wani lokacin manyan fasahohi suna tasowa akan ‘ya’yan itatuwan kayan lambu waɗanda abin ya shafa, wanda kamuwa da cuta ya shiga, rot yana haɓakawa kuma samfurin ya zama mara amfani.
Yaushe ne powdery mildew ya fi aiki?
A kan kayan lambu, mildew powdery ya fi aiki a cikin shekaru masu yawa (65-75%), tare da canjin yanayin zafi daga +14 zuwa +26 ° C. Powdery mildew na kayan lambu amfanin gona yana kunna tare da m hawa da sauka a cikin yini da dare yanayin zafi, kazalika da sakamakon inept ayyuka hade, misali, tare da ba daidai ba stepsoning tumatir, a lokacin da kututture (sassa na stepson) ko ganye located a sosai. kasa na shuke-shuke sun bar.
Bugu da kari, powdery mildew sau da yawa yakan kai hari ga kayan lambu, idan mai lambu ya yi amfani da manyan allurai na takin nitrogen, wannan yana rage rigakafin shuka, kuma powdery mildew yana nan daidai. A zahiri, bai kamata ku adana sararin samaniya ba kuma ku dasa tsire-tsire da yawa a cikin yanki ɗaya, kuna ƙoƙarin girma girbi mai girma, dole ne a kiyaye tsarin dasa sosai, in ba haka ba danshi ba zai ƙafe kullum daga saman ƙasa ba, ƙirƙirar yanayi masu kyau don haɓaka foda. mildew akan amfanin gona na kayan lambu.
Yawancin lokaci, yawan dasa shuki kuma yana ƙayyade tsarin ban ruwa – mai lambu yana tunanin cewa tun da ya dasa gonar sosai don haka babu sarari kyauta, tsire-tsire kawai suna fuskantar ƙarancin danshi kuma suna buƙatar taimako cikin gaggawa. Yana ɗaukar hose ya juya komai ya zama fadama, ta haka ne ya haifar da abubuwan da ake buƙata don bayyanar mildew powdery.
Cin zarafin tsarin ban ruwa shine wani dalili na bayyanar powdery mildew a gonar. Sau da yawa a cikin ƙasa, bayyanar sau ɗaya a karshen mako, muna shayar da kayan lambun kayan lambu da karimci, sannan mu manta da su, a zahiri buɗe ƙofofin da barin powdery mildew a cikin makircinmu.
Powdery mildew akan sunflowers. © Scott Nelson
Rigakafin powdery mildew
A zahiri, ana iya yin yaƙi da mildew powdery, amma rigakafin yana da matukar mahimmanci, kuma bai kamata ku yi amfani da sunadarai nan da nan akan kayan lambu ba a farkon alamar rashin lafiya.
Ana buƙatar matakan rigakafi da tasiri. Misali, kuna buƙatar shayar da tsire-tsire ne kawai bayan ƙasan saman ta bushe gaba ɗaya, kuma idan ruwan sama ya yi ƙasa kuma ƙasa tana da ɗanɗano, to kada ku sake jiƙa shi, saboda waɗannan ba amfanin gonakin bishiya ba ne, kuma tushensu ba haka yake ba. nisa daga saman ƙasa.
Auna biyu – tabbatar da lura da jujjuyawar amfanin gona, cire duk ragowar shuka daga wurin nan da nan bayan an girbe amfanin gona gaba ɗaya. Wani ma’auni mai mahimmanci na rigakafin shine noman nau’in mildew mai jurewa da kuma hybrids na kayan lambu. Duk da haka – babu overfeeding tare da nitrogen da takin mai magani, musamman a lokacin lokutan samuwar toho.
Af, game da takin mai magani: gargadi game da yin amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen, muna tunatar da ku cewa kuna buƙatar amfani da potassium (8-10 grams a kowace murabba’in mita) da takin mai magani na phosphorus (gram 7-9 a kowace murabba’in mita) don ciyar da shuka gaba ɗaya. da kuma kara musu rigakafi.
Ƙasar bayan girbi ragowar shuka har yanzu yana buƙatar kulawa da fungicides, bin umarnin kan kunshin kuma kawai tare da waɗancan magungunan da aka yarda. Da zarar, ta hanyar, bazai isa ya kawar da cutar gaba ɗaya ba, yana da kyau a gudanar da magani uku ko ma hudu.
Maganin Mildew Foda Na kowa
Don haka, mun gane cewa powdery mildew yana da mummunar kamuwa da cuta, kuma ko da mun dauki duk matakan kariya, har yanzu yana iya bayyana akan kayan lambu da kayan lambu, kuma, a mafi kyau, hana mu wani ɓangare na amfanin gona (ko watakila duka). Saboda haka, bari mu gano yadda za a cire wannan kamuwa da cuta daga shafin kuma kada mu sake bari ta shiga wurin.
Idan ba ku kasance masu bin ilmin sunadarai ba kuma sun lura cewa ganye a kan kayan lambu sun sami launi mai launi na powdery, sa’an nan kuma a hankali kamar yadda zai yiwu, wetting da almakashi a cikin barasa kowane lokaci da kuma shafa cuts da itace ash, cire duk abin da ya shafa ganye na ganye. kayan lambu amfanin gona daga wurin da kuma ƙone su a waje.
Rage yawan ruwan ban ruwa, ko mafi kyau, sassauta ƙasa kowace rana kuma cire ciyawa mai cutarwa daga wurin. Komai yana da sauƙi a nan: yayin da kuka cire ganyen da ke fama da powdery mildew, da yawa za ku rage yiwuwar kamuwa da sauran gabobin shuka ko kayan lambu na makwabta.
Bayan haka, ana ba da shawarar sosai don har yanzu bi da tsire-tsire tare da fungicide, don yin magana, don ƙarfafa sakamakon. Babban abu a lokaci guda shine amfani da izini, sabon fungicides, bin umarnin kan kunshin, inda, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana nuna lokacin aiki ga kowane amfanin gona da sashi. Lokacin zalunta tare da fungicides, yi ƙoƙarin ɗanɗano duk gabobin kayan lambu – sashinsa na sama da ƙananan sa, don haka fungicide ya aiwatar da duk abin da zai yiwu, kuma babu sasanninta da kamuwa da cuta.
Maganin mildew foda akan kayan lambu
Powdery mildew a kan cucumbers
Yana da wuya cewa zai yiwu a kwatanta kariya daga powdery mildew a kan duk kayan lambu na kayan lambu ba tare da togiya a cikin labarin ɗaya ba, ana buƙatar cikakken littafi a nan. Bari muyi magana game da kariya daga powdery mildew na manyan kayan lambu na kayan lambu, wanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, kowa yana da shafin su.
Idan an sami powdery mildew a kan ganyen kokwamba, abu na farko da za a yi shi ne dakatar da shayarwa, sannan a cire duk ganyen da ba su da lafiya, gwada fitar da tsire-tsire. Misali, idan daya daga cikinsu ya kamu da cutar sosai, to yana da kyau kada a magance shi, amma kawai cire shi daga shafin.
Na gaba, tabbatar da sassauta ƙasa don ƙara ƙawancen danshi mai yawa, kuma zaku iya fara jiyya. An sani cewa banal ƙurar ganyen kokwamba da aka shafa tare da sulfur foda yana ba da kyakkyawan sakamako. Don shirya shi, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar 28-29 g na sulfur, narke shi a cikin guga na ruwa, cika shi da kwalban fesa kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin sarrafa duk ganyen da ya shafa da ƙasa a ƙarƙashinsu.
Har ila yau, bayani na colloidal sulfur yana taimakawa, yana buƙatar adadin adadin kuma don ƙarar guda ɗaya, kawai idan a cikin akwati na farko zai yiwu a fesa 5-7 murabba’in mita na tsire-tsire masu cututtuka ta wannan hanya, sannan a cikin na biyu – duk goma. Ana yin aiki mafi kyau da yamma. Wasu lambu suna magana da kyau game da maganin cututtukan kokwamba da aka shafa tare da mullein diluted sau 10, wannan adadin ya isa murabba’in murabba’in mita 10 na gadaje.
Idan ka yanke shawarar yin amfani da fungicides, to, bi umarnin kan kunshin (sharuɗɗan, allurai, la’akari da komai). Nemo idan an yarda da wani magani na musamman. A baya can, shirye-shirye dangane da jan karfe na nau’in Oxychoma sun taimaka wajen jimre da kyau tare da powdery mildew, yanzu sun rubuta cewa ba su da amfani sosai, zaka iya amfani da Topaz fungicide.
Powdery mildew akan ganyen kokwamba. © Scott Nelson
Powdery mildew akan tumatir
Abin sha’awa shine, powdery mildew akan tumatir na iya bayyana ta nau’i biyu, ko kuma, yana cutar da tsire-tsire da nau’in naman gwari guda biyu. Na farko nau’in shine Oidiopsiserysiphoides – galibi a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, wato, ba a cikin greenhouses da greenhouses ba. Kamuwa da shuke-shuken tumatir tare da irin wannan naman gwari yakan faru a cikin Maris. A matsayinka na mai mulki, riga a kan tumatir tumatir, ganye sun fara bushewa daga gefuna, kuma idan kun jinkirta kawar da wannan matsala, to, tsire-tsire yakan mutu da gaske.
Na biyu pathogen ne naman gwari Oidiopsistaurica, ta waje ãyõyin bayyana a cikin nau’i na rawaya spots cewa suna located a kan babba gefen ganyen tumatir, amma dusar ƙanƙara-fari shafi, na hali na powdery mildew, da farko ya bayyana daidai daga kasa na tumatir. ganye.
Don rage barkewar cututtukan cututtukan fungal guda biyu, ya zama dole a jiƙa ƙwayar tumatir na kwanaki biyu kafin shuka a cikin maganin Epin ko Heteroauxin, Zircon da shirye-shirye makamantansu, waɗanda ke haɓaka haɓaka da haɓaka haɓakar shuka sosai.
Amma idan kamuwa da tumatir ya riga ya faru? Hanya ta farko ita ce maganin duk tsiron tumatir, masu lafiya da marasa lafiya, tare da sodium humate. Wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi yana taimakawa wajen hanawa, har zuwa cikakken tasha, ci gaban conidia – mai haifar da kamuwa da cuta, kuma, sabili da haka, yana hana ci gaban kamuwa da cuta kanta.
Dole ne a aiwatar da aiwatarwa daidai da umarnin da aka nuna akan kunshin, yi amfani da allurai daidai kuma a jagorance su ta lokutan sarrafawa da aka ba da shawarar. Bugu da kari, a farkon matakai na ci gaban fungal kamuwa da cuta, nazarin halittu shirye-shirye kuma iya jimre wa halakar powdery mildew, aƙalla sananne kashi daya bisa dari bayani na Baktofit, wanda kawai fesa sau uku tare da tumatir shuke-shuke a mako-mako. tazara, ta halitta, da zaran alamun powdery mildew sun bayyana. .
A cewar masu lambu, abin da ake kira ruwa na al’adu, wanda ake kira Planriz, yana ba da sakamako mai kyau, amma yana da tasiri a farkon alamun cutar, don haka tsire-tsire na tumatir za su buƙaci a kula da su a hankali don …
