Girman eggplant a waje yana buƙatar ƙwarewa da ƙarancin sanin yadda wannan amfanin gona ke tsiro. Kula da eggplant a waje zai buƙaci ƙarin ilimi mai zurfi, yawancin abin da muka tattara a cikin wannan labarin don sauƙaƙe aikin ku a cikin lambun. Don haka, menene asirin eggplants, yadda ake girma girbi mai albarka da yadda ake kula da su yadda yakamata a duk lokacin kakar?
Lokacin shuka
Dangane da iri-iri, ranar dasa shuki eggplant ya bambanta. Ana iya dasa nau’ikan da suka fara girma a ƙarshen Mayu, tsakiyar kakar da ƙarshen – a tsakiyar watan Yuni. Da farko, yanayi ya jagorance shi, idan sanyi yana zuwa, yana da kyau a jinkirta dasa shuki don kada ya lalata tsire-tsire matasa. Da zaran an kafa yanayin dumi mai tsayi, kuma tsire-tsire suna da ƙarfi sosai, zaku iya fara dasa shuki.
Ka tuna cewa eggplants sun dogara sosai akan zafi, hasken rana da zafi mai yawa. Dole ne a yi dasa shuki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi, in ba haka ba zai kasance da wahala a gare ku don shuka tsire-tsire masu lafiya.
Dasa shuki
Girman eggplant a cikin filin bude yana farawa tare da dasa tsaba akan seedlings. Ko da yake yana yiwuwa a girma lafiyayyen eggplants ta hanyar dasa iri kai tsaye a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ko greenhouse, seedlings shine zaɓin da aka fi so.
Ya kamata a gudanar da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa da aka shirya ta musamman, inda aka haxa peat, sod, humus ko ash itace. Haihuwar ƙasa na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci a cikin noman eggplant. Kafin dasa shuki, iri da ƙasa dole ne a shafe su kuma a taurare don guje wa mummunan sakamako a fuskar microflora na fungal. Hanya na duniya na disinfection shine bayani mai ƙarfi na potassium permanganate, wanda aka jiƙa tsaba na rabin sa’a kuma ana shayar da cakuda ƙasa tare da shi kafin dasa shuki.
Ana ba da shawarar shuka tsaba waɗanda aka ƙididdige su kuma an gwada su don germination a cikin kwantena daban – akwatunan filastik ko kofuna. Yana da mahimmanci cewa kwantena suna da ramukan magudanar ruwa don cire danshi mai yawa. Kowane irin eggplant yana zurfafa 1.5-2 cm cikin ƙasa, shayar da shi, sannan an rufe shi da fim. Fim ɗin yana taimakawa wajen haifar da tasirin greenhouse ta hanyar kiyaye yanayin zafi, kuma yana hana danshi daga ƙafewa. A cikin makon farko da rabi, tsaba na eggplant basa buƙatar iska da haske, don haka mayar da hankali kan kiyaye yanayin iska kuma kada ya faɗi ƙasa 19-20 ° C.
Girma seedlings
Tsire-tsire na eggplant suna girma da kyau idan ana shayar da su akai-akai, an samar da hasken al’ada da ciyar da su. Tabbas, yawan zafin jiki na iska yana da mahimmanci, amma idan iska mai sanyi na iya taurare shuka, to rashin abinci mai gina jiki zai iya lalata su.
Ana shayar da ruwa mai kyau daga kwalban fesa, yana mai da hankali sosai a ƙasa a kusa da seedling. Yi ƙoƙarin kada a fesa ganyen shuka, musamman idan yana cikin hasken rana a buɗe – wannan zai haifar da ƙonewar ganye. Kuna iya kawai ruwa daga tukunyar ruwa, amma sai kuyi ƙoƙarin zuba ruwa a kusa da eggplant, kuma ba a ƙarƙashin tushe ba. Don haka, ba za ku fallasa tushen shuka ba kuma ba za ku wanke ƙasa a kusa da iri ba.
Muna ba da shawarar ku da kanku daidaita sa’o’in hasken rana na eggplant ta amfani da phytolamps ko fitilu na al’ada. Matasa eggplants suna buƙatar haske na sa’o’i 12-13 kowace rana don ayyukan ciyayi kar su ragu.
A lokacin girma na seedlings, 1-2 manyan riguna za a iya za’ayi don tada da seedlings zuwa aiki girma. Yi amfani da jiko na taki na kaza (0,5 l na taki an jiƙa a cikin 10 l na ruwa, diluted 1:15 kafin amfani), cakuda jiko na ash da superphosphate (0,5 l na ash ash yana haɗe da 10 g). na superphosphate, diluted a cikin 10 l na ruwa, nace kwanaki 2-3). Kowane seedling ya kamata ya sami fiye da 45-60 ml na ruwa taki.
A cikin yankin Moscow da kuma a cikin Ukraine, yanayin da ya dace da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe an saita shi kawai a tsakiyar ƙarshen Mayu.
Saukowa a cikin ƙasa
Ana dasa tsire-tsire na eggplant a cikin ƙasa ba a baya fiye da kwanakin 70 ba. A wannan shekarun ne suka fi dacewa da sauƙin dasawa. Duk da haka, idan yanayin har yanzu ba shi da kwanciyar hankali kuma yanayin iska yana da ƙasa (kamar yadda sau da yawa yakan faru a yankin Moscow), to ya fi kyau jira.
Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin greenhouses, ana iya ƙara humus zuwa ƙasa, wanda zai kula da yawan zafin jiki yayin tsarin lalata. Amma ga gadaje masu buɗewa, zai zama dole don gina tsarin da ya fi rikitarwa: yi amfani da “iyali” da aka yi da takarda, matsugunan fim ko masana’anta mai yawa. Ta wannan hanyar za ku iya kare tsire-tsire daga sanyi kuma ku taimaka musu da sauri su dace da sabon wurin zama.
Eggplants suna son lokacin da akwai sarari mai yawa a kusa da su, don haka barin rata tsakanin ramuka na kusan 40 cm, kuma tsakanin layuka na kusan 55-60 cm. Idan kun zaɓi nau’i mai tsayi, to, ku tabbata cewa harbe suna da wani abu don ɗaure.
A cikin rijiyoyin, ƙara 50-100 g na humus, 1 tbsp. a cokali na itace ash, zuba yalwa da wani bayani na potassium permanganate. Danka ƙasa a cikin kwantena na seedling don sauƙaƙe cirewa kuma kada ya lalata tushen. Sanya seedling tare da clod na ƙasa a cikin rami, zuwa zurfin kusan 15 cm, yayyafa shi da ƙasa, ƙaddamar da shi kadan. Ana ba da shawarar yayyafa ƙasa a cikin ramuka tare da busasshiyar ƙasa ko taki mai lalacewa.
Eggplant ya kamata a dasa a cikin wani yanki na rana na lambun inda iska ba ta fushi. Tabbatar da kiyaye amfanin gona juyawa, ba dasa shuki eggplant shekaru biyu a jere a wuri guda, ko bayan tumatir da dankali.
Bidiyo “Grow eggplant”
Wannan bidiyon yana nuna yadda ake shuka eggplant ta hanyar seedlings.
Kulawa
Eggplants suna buƙatar kulawa mai zurfi a cikin tsarin girma. Duk da cewa dasa shuki da matakin farko na daidaitawa shine mafi wahala, yana da wahala a shuka wannan amfanin gona daidai (musamman a yankin Moscow). Girma eggplant a cikin filin bude yana hade tare da shayarwa na yau da kullum, zurfin sassauta ƙasa, da lalata ciyawa. Gabaɗaya, ainihin saitin ayyuka bai bambanta da kula da sauran kayan lambu ba.
Yana da matukar muhimmanci a bi da tsire-tsire da ƙasa tare da shirye-shiryen fungicidal don hana ayyukan cutarwa na fungal microflora. A cikin yankin Moscow, suna da rauni musamman ga mildew, anthracnose, launin toka da tushen rot. Cricket na tawadar Allah, kankana aphid da gizo-gizo mite ba su da ƙaranci a yankin Moscow. Sabili da haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kiyaye gadaje mai tsabta da sarrafa kayan lambu a cikin lokaci.
A lokacin kakar, ciyar da manyan riguna 3-4 tare da phosphorus, potassium da takin gargajiya don shirya shuka don yawan ‘ya’yan itace. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da infusions na nettle, ash itace, kwasfa albasa, yisti. Suna dauke da hadaddun bitamin da micronutrients masu yawa waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ciyayi mai aiki na eggplant, haɓaka haɓaka da ripening ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin su suna da tasiri mai kyau akan dandano kayan lambu.
Girke-girke don ciyarwa ta farko: don lita 10 na ruwa, ɗauki 30 g na superphosphate da potassium nitrate. Ku kawo maganin zuwa lita 50 kuma ku fara shayarwa, ba za a iya amfani da fiye da lita 1 na bayani a ƙarƙashin daji ɗaya ba.
Girke-girke na ciyar na biyu: Mix 0,5 lita na itace ash da 1 lita na mullein jiko, ƙara 0,5 lita na tsuntsu droppings, sa’an nan kuma tsarma da hankali da 10 lita na ruwa. Bar don shayar da rana. Kafin watering, kawo ƙarar maganin zuwa lita 50.
Recipe na uku saman miya: Mix 1 lita na mullein jiko da 0,5 lita na crushed nettle ganye da stalks, ƙara 0,5 lita na itace ash da 10 lita na ruwa. Nace a cikin duhu, wuri mai dumi don kwanaki 5, yana motsawa da cakuda. Iri maganin kafin watering.
Tabbata a tsunkule matsakaita-girma da dogayen iri. Don haka, kuna ta da eggplant don ba da ƙarin ovaries, samar da ‘ya’yan itace da sauri, da kuma samar da shuka tare da samun haske, danshi da ƙari mai yawa na abubuwa masu amfani.
Bidiyo “Kulawar Kwai”
Yadda ake kula da eggplant a duk matakan girma an bayyana a cikin wannan bidiyon.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
