Yadda ake girma zucchini a waje?

Kowane mai lambu a cikin bayan gida yana iya girma zucchini. Wannan kayan lambu ne mara ma’ana, duk da haka, don samun girbi mai kyau, kuna buƙatar sanin ƙa’idodi, hanyoyin da hanyoyin noman sa a cikin buɗe ƙasa. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a ba da kulawar da ta dace don amfanin gona da girbi a kan kari. Karanta game da duk matakan girma zucchini a kasa.

Zabi iri-iri

Idan an yanke shawarar shuka kayan lambu a cikin ƙasa buɗe, to yakamata a ba da fifiko ga nau’ikan waɗanda ke da haɓakar harbe-harbe da kuma samuwar daji mai zaman kansa. Sun fi tsayayya da cututtuka, yanayin yanayi mara kyau da sauran abubuwan waje. Daga cikin ire-iren wadannan akwai:

• Gribovsky. Iri-iri tare da matsakaicin lokacin ripening, wanda ke ba da ‘ya’ya kwanaki 55 bayan shuka tsaba. Yana da kyau ci gaba bushes tare da dogon harbe. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari na launi mai haske suna bambanta ta hanyar ƙananan ribbing a saman da kyakkyawan dandano. Yayin da suke tsufa, fatar jikinsu tana yin kauri da tauri. Iri-iri ba sa tsoron yanayin sanyi da cututtuka, saboda haka ana iya girma a cikin yankin Moscow da kuma a cikin Urals. Hakanan ba shi da ma’ana a cikin kulawa – don kyakkyawan ‘ya’yan itace yana buƙatar kawai shayarwa na yau da kullun da kwance gadaje.
• Chaklun. Musamman fasali na wannan iri-iri ne high da ake samu da kuma fruiting duration. Ana iya girbe ‘ya’yan itatuwa na farko bayan kwanaki 45. Fari ne kuma suna da fili mai santsi. Tsarin zucchini yana da taushi kuma mai daɗi. Al’adar ba ta cika fuskantar kamuwa da cuta ba kuma tana jure wa jigilar kayayyaki zuwa tsirrai na dogon lokaci da kyau.
• Zolotinka. Iri-iri yana da nau’in furen mace, don haka yana ba da ‘ya’ya da yawa kuma na dogon lokaci. Yayin da zucchini ke tsiro, sun zama rawaya mai haske, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa sunan su ya cancanta. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari masu nauyi har zuwa 400 g sun dace da cin abinci. Manyan samfurori sun rasa dandano.
• Farin ‘ya’yan itace. Kunshe a cikin rukuni na farkon hybrids, wanda ya kawo girbi na farko a ranar 35th bayan shuka. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari na farin launi suna da santsi mai santsi da ƙananan girma. Ba sa jin tsoron kwari da cututtuka, suna da sauƙin sufuri.
• Odessa daji. Kamar nau’in da ya gabata, yana da wuri kuma yana ba da ‘ya’ya a rana ta 40 bayan shuka. Farin ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna da ɗan haƙarƙari da nama mai daɗi. Itacen yana da cututtuka da sanyi.
• Fir’auna. Wannan nau’in zucchini ne mara fa’ida wanda baya buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai, yana jure sanyi da zafi cikin sauƙi, kuma yana ba da girbi mai yawa. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari masu duhu suna da tsayi kuma suna iya yin nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 1. Ana iya noma iri-iri a yankuna daban-daban – daga tsakiyar layi zuwa Urals.
• Pantheon. ‘Ya’yan itãcen wannan iri-iri sun fi takwarorinsu game da gabatarwa, saboda haka galibi ana shuka su don siyarwa. Ba shi da wata ma’ana a cikin kulawa, amma yana buƙatar dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai laushi kuma yana buƙatar kula da yanayin kwanciyar hankali.

Hanyoyin saukarwa da kwanakin

Za a iya horar da zucchini ta hanyoyi biyu, wanda mafi kyawun lokacin shuka zai dogara:

• seedling. Ya haɗa da noman tsire-tsire, wanda, lokacin germinating, dole ne a dasa shi cikin ƙasa buɗe. Tare da wannan hanya, ba za ku iya damu da nasarar germination na tsaba ba. Kuna buƙatar shuka su don seedlings akan Afrilu 15-25 ko Mayu 1-10. A cikin kwanaki 25-30, a ƙarshen farkon shekaru goma na Mayu, ana iya motsa seedlings zuwa gadaje. Ya kamata a rufe su da fim ko wasu kayan rufewa har zuwa ƙarshen sanyi na bazara, wato, har zuwa farkon Yuni.
• Kai tsaye shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa. Hanyar da ba ta da ƙarfin aiki, duk da haka, tana da yuwuwar asarar amfanin gona a yayin da sanyi ya dawo. Ya kamata a shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai zafi sosai (ba ƙasa da + 12-13 ° C a zurfin 8-10 cm ba). A matsayinka na mai mulki, wannan lokacin ya fadi a ƙarshen Mayu – farkon Yuni. Don rage haɗarin lalacewar sanyi ga seedlings, yakamata a shuka tsaba a cikin sharuɗɗan 2-3 tare da tazara na kwanaki 3-4. Matsakaicin zafin jiki don germination na yau da kullun shine + 12… + 15 ° C.

Lokacin zabar fasahar seedling, ya kamata mutum yayi la’akari da wannan fasalin: zucchini da aka girma ta wannan hanyar ba a yi niyya don adana dogon lokaci ba – dole ne a ci su nan da nan ko kuma a yi amfani da su don shirya blanks don hunturu. Idan kuna son shuka zucchini mai dacewa don adana dogon lokaci, yakamata a shuka tsaba da aka haɗe nan da nan a cikin ƙasa, a farkon watan Yuni.

Don tabbatar da girbi da kuma haɓaka lokacin girbi matasa zucchini, ƙwararrun mazauna rani suna haɗa fasahar seedling tare da shuka iri kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa.

Zucchini shine amfanin gona mafi jure sanyi a tsakanin dukkan membobin dangin Cucurbitaceae, saboda haka yana iya girma a zazzabi na +8-9°C har ma da jure faɗuwar ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa +6°C. Duk da haka, ba tare da la’akari da hanyar dasa shuki ba, ana iya samun mafi ƙarfi matasa seedlings a zazzabi na + 20 … + 25 ° C.

Zaɓin wurin da shirye-shiryen lambun

Zucchini shuka ne mai son haske da son zafi, don haka yana buƙatar girma a gefen rana na gado mai faɗi 60-70 cm. Wannan na iya zama ƙaramin yanki don shuka tsire-tsire da yawa. Yana da mahimmanci cewa sauran wakilan dangin kabewa ba su girma a baya a wannan wuri ba, in ba haka ba zucchini za su yi rashin lafiya, suna ba da furanni da yawa. Don bin jujjuyawar amfanin gona na lambu, ana shuka su mafi kyau bayan irin waɗannan amfanin gona:

• tumatir;
• dankali;
• kabeji;
• Luka;
• tushen amfanin gona;
• kore;
• wake.

Zucchini kansu sune magabata masu kyau ga duk kayan lambu, ban da wakilan Suman. Tushen su yana kwance ƙasa daidai, kuma manyan ganye suna hana ci gaban yawancin ciyawa.

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar wurin da ƙasa ta fi dacewa don zucchini. Mafi kyawun zaɓi a gare su ana ɗaukar su zama ƙasa mai laushi ko yashi mai laushi tare da tsaka tsaki (pH 6,5-7,5). Zucchini yana tsiro da talauci a kan ƙasa peat – ‘ya’yan itatuwa ƙanana ne, kuma ganye suna girma mara kyau. Ƙasar yumbu mai nauyi ba su dace da wannan al’ada ba.

Domin kasar gona ta kasance mai laushi da sako-sako, kwanaki 12-15 kafin dasa shuki, yana da kyau a tono shafin zuwa zurfin felu, bayan amfani da 1 sq. m a baya:

• 0.5-1 guga na humus ko ruɓaɓɓen takin;
• 1-1.5 buckets na ruɓaɓɓen sawdust;
• 1 st. l. urea da potassium sulfate;
• 2 st. l. superphosphate;
• 2 gilashin toka na itace.

Don amfani da ƙasa da taki, ana iya amfani da su kai tsaye zuwa ramukan dasa a nesa na 80 cm daga juna, sannan a haxa su da ƙasa. Bayan haka, za a buƙaci a zubar da gado da ruwan zafi kuma a rufe shi da tsare kafin dasa zucchini.

Ana iya daidaita odar taki dangane da abun da ke cikin ƙasa:

• Peat. Don 1 sq. m kana buƙatar ƙara 2 kilogiram na takin ko humus, 1 guga na loamy ko ƙasa yumbu, 1 tsp kowane. superphosphate da potassium sulfate, 2 tbsp. l. toka Bayan haka, ya kamata a haƙa gado mai faɗin 65-70 cm zuwa zurfin 20-25 cm kuma a daidaita shi da rake. Dole ne a shayar da ruwa mai dumi (40 ° C) na Agricol-5 ko Rossa ruwa taki (1 tablespoon da guga na ruwa) a cikin kudi na 3 lita da 1 sq m. A ƙarshe, ya rage don rufe gado tare da fim don adana danshi da zafi.
• Clay, lami. Don 1 sq. m isa don ƙara 2-3 kilogiram na peat, sawdust da humus. A matsayin taki mai ma’adinai, yana da daraja gabatar da 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate da 2-3 tbsp. l. itace toka.
• Sandy. Kowane sq. m ya kamata a takin tare da guga 1 na ƙasa soddy (laka, loamy) da adadin peat iri ɗaya. Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar ƙara 3-4 kg na sawdust da humus, da 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate da 2-3 tbsp. l. itace toka.
• Chernozem. Ga kowane sq m na ƙasa mai laushi, yana da kyawawa don ƙara 2 kg na sawdust, 2 tbsp. l. ash da 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate.
• M, nauyi da matalauta. Yana da daraja ƙara taki ko takin zuwa irin wannan kasa a cikin fall (4-6 kg da 1 sq. M), kazalika da hadaddun ma’adinai da takin mai magani (50-80 g da 1 sq. M). Yana da kyau a shayar da gado tare da wani rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate, kuma kafin shuka zucchini, sassauta shi kadan.

Idan an fara haɓaka wani yanki don girma zucchini, to, lokacin tono shi, yana da kyau a cire duk tushen daga ƙasa a hankali, da kamawa da lalata May beetles da wireworms.

Nan da nan kafin dasa shuki, bai kamata a gabatar da taki sabo a cikin ƙasa ba, saboda wannan na iya haifar da haɓakar cututtuka daban-daban a cikin ƙaramin seedlings, haɓaka mai ƙarfi a cikin taro mai yawa da ƙarancin ‘ya’yan itace.

Dasa zucchini ta hanyar seedlings

Ya haɗa da shuka tsiro mai ƙarfi kamar wata ɗaya kafin dasa su a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Kowane mataki na wannan hanya za a yi la’akari daban.

Shirye-shiryen iri

Jiyya na tsaba ya ƙunshi jiƙa na farko na sa’o’i 10-12 a cikin ruwa tare da ƙari na nitrophoska. Waɗancan al’amuran da suka tashi ba su da fa’ida, don haka za a buƙaci cire su. Lokacin da sauran ‘ya’yan itatuwa suka kumbura, ana iya shuka su a cikin ƙasa, amma yana da kyau a jiƙa na rana ɗaya a cikin maganin haɓakar haɓakar Epin (digo na samfurin a cikin 50 ml na ruwa). Bayan an jiƙa irin wannan, ana barin tsaba a wanke da ruwa mai tsabta sannan a bushe, sannan a dasa a cikin ƙasa.

Yin aiki da kyau zai ƙara haɓakar tsaba, kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin ci gaban matasa seedlings.

Dasa tsaba a cikin tukwane

Don shuka tsiro, zaku iya siyan cakuda ƙasa EXO da aka shirya a cikin kantin kayan lambu. Hakanan zaka iya shirya shi da kanka ta hanyar haɗa sassan peat ko humus daidai da yashi da ƙasa lambu. A matsayin akwati, yana da daraja zaɓar kofuna waɗanda za a iya zubar da su tare da ƙarar 10 × 10 cm, tunda shuka yana jure wa dasawa.

A gida, zai zama isa ya yi girma 3-5 shuke-shuke. Ya kamata a dasa tsaba a cikin tukwane da aka cika da ƙasa zuwa zurfin 2-3 cm. Bayan haka, ya kamata a shayar da su daga kwalban fesa kuma a rufe su da gilashi ko polyethylene a saman. Dole ne a cire murfin kariya akai-akai don shayar da ƙasa. Ajiye tukwane akan taga sill na rana.

Kula da seedlings

Ya haɗa da ayyukan agrotechnic masu zuwa:

• Ruwa. Sau da yawa ba lallai ba ne don danshi seedlings, saboda babban abu shine kula da danshi na ƙasa. Don yin wannan, ya isa ya shayar da shi da ruwa mai dumi (25 ° C) game da lokaci 1 a mako a cikin adadin 200-250 ml a kowace tukunya. A karkashin irin wannan yanayin, tsaba da aka shirya da kyau za su shuɗe a cikin kwanaki 3-4.
• Yanayin zafi. Domin tsire-tsire suyi saurin ƙyanƙyashe, yanayin zafin jiki ya kamata ya kasance kusan + 18 … + 20 ° C. Lokacin da shuka ya bayyana, dole ne a saukar da shi zuwa +15… + 18 ° C a rana kuma +12… + 14 ° C. C da dare, in ba haka ba shuka zai shimfiɗa da yawa.
• Haske. Sprouts suna buƙatar samar da sa’o’in hasken rana mai kyau, in ba haka ba za su kasance masu rauni. Idan ya cancanta, zaku iya amfani da fitilu na musamman don haskaka seedlings.
• Ciyarwa. Don duk lokacin girma, ana buƙatar ciyar da seedlings sau biyu:
  • 8-10 kwanaki bayan germination. Seedlings za a iya ciyar da wani bayani na Bud shiri (2 g da 1 lita na ruwa) a cikin kudi na 1 kofin da 1-2 tukwane. A matsayin kayan ado na farko na farko, zaka iya amfani da bayani na 1 tsp. superphosphate da adadin urea iri ɗaya. Amfani da shuka – 200 ml.
  • Kwanaki 7-10 bayan ciyarwar farko. Ana iya ciyar da shuka tare da maganin takin gargajiya Effecton da nitrophoska (1 tsp a kowace lita 1 na ruwa). Cakuda cin abinci – 1 kofin kowace tukunya. Maimakon suturar saman da aka nuna, zaka iya amfani da bayani na 1 tsp. nitrophoska da adadin toka na itace. Zucchini na ruwa tare da shi a cikin adadin 200-250 ml ga kowane seedling.
• Taurare. Mako guda kafin dasa shuki cikin ƙasa buɗe, ya kamata a fitar da tukwane tare da seedlings akai-akai zuwa titi ko baranda don taurin. A ajiye su a waje na awanni 1-2.

Lokacin kwanaki 20-25, ana iya dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe. A yanzu ya kamata ya sami 2-3 koren gaskiya ganye masu duhu da gajerun squat mai tushe. Tushen tsarin matasa seedlings ya kamata tam kunsa a kusa da dukan girma na cube da kunshi m farin tushen.

Dasawa seedlings a cikin bude ƙasa

Seedlings suna buƙatar dasa su cikin ƙasa mai ɗumi, sako-sako da ƙasa mai albarka. Ya kamata a gudanar da aikin a rana mai dumi ko kuma da sassafe. Ramuka don tsiron ya kamata …