Wadanne cututtuka da kwari suke da haɗari ga zucchini?

Zucchini ko zucchini na iya cutar da cututtuka daban-daban, wanda ba wai kawai ya shafi gabatarwar su ba, amma har ma yana rage yawan amfanin gona. Wasu kwari ba karamin hatsari gare ta ba. Don kiyaye saukowar ku daga irin wannan barazanar, yana da mahimmanci ku san su a gaba.

Jerin cututtuka na squash

Dangane da nau’in pathogen, ƙwayoyin cuta na squash sune fungal, viral da kwayan cuta. Wadannan cututtuka ba wai kawai saman ganye da tushe ba ne, har ma da ‘ya’yan itatuwa da kansu, don haka suna rasa darajar sinadirai. Daga abin da pathologies kuke bukata don kare amfanin gona, za mu yi la’akari daban.

Anthracnose

Me yasa ya taso? Wannan cutar fungal tana faruwa ne ta hanyar naman gwari na kwayar halittar Colletotrichum. Ya fi rinjayar tsire-tsire masu rauni da kuma lalacewa ta hanyar injiniya a kowane mataki na ci gaba. An fi lura da Copperhead a cikin greenhouses da amfanin gona na greenhouse, amma ba ya kewaye zucchini a cikin fili. Sharuɗɗa masu dacewa don haɓakawa:

• ƙasa tare da babban acidity, wanda aka takin tare da ƙarancin adadin potash da phosphorus;
• shayarwa a cikin zafi;
• ƙara yawan zafi na iska da ƙasa;
• rashin tsaftacewa na shafin daga ragowar amfanin gona.

Shaida. Anthracnose yana kai hari ga duk gabobin kayan lambu:

• An lulluɓe farantin ganyen da zagaye rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa waɗanda ke da iyakar launin ruwan ƙasa ko shuɗi. A tsawon lokaci, suna girma kuma suna yadawa zuwa sauran tsire-tsire, kuma ganyen suna murƙushewa kuma sun zama tabo.
• A kan mai tushe, furanni da ‘ya’yan itatuwa, an kafa ɓacin rai mai launin ruwan kasa tare da furanni mai ruwan hoda.
• A hankali, raunuka suna zurfafa cikin kauri na shuka, tare da toshe motsi na ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki. A kan wannan baya, ‘ya’yan itãcen marmari a hankali suna lanƙwasa, samun ɗanɗano mai ɗaci kuma su fara rot.
• Idan cutar ta shafi tushen tushen shuka, to suna iya mutuwa.

Matakan sarrafawa. A farkon mataki na ci gaban da copperhead, ganye za a iya yayyafa tare da 35% bayani na colloidal sulfur (40-100 g da 10 l na ruwa) ko 1% bayani na Bordeaux cakuda (100 g na jan karfe sulphate da quicklime). da 10 l). Idan akwai rauni mai tsanani, yakamata a shayar da ganye sau ɗaya kowane mako 1 tare da shirye-shiryen ilimin halitta don zucchini ko wasu kabewa (misali, Fitosporin). Idan akwai kamuwa da cuta mai yawa, dole ne a lalata tsire-tsire. Idan tsire-tsire suna girma a cikin greenhouse, to bayan girbi za a buƙaci a shafe shi da bleach (2 g a kowace lita 200 na ruwa).

Ana iya yada Anthracnose ta hanyar tsaba, don haka ya kamata a zabi seedlings a hankali kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Inoculum kanta za a iya bi da shi tare da 0,2% maganin boron, jan karfe da manganese. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci, idan ya cancanta, don rage acidity na ƙasa ta hanyar tono shi da ash na itace, garin dolomite ko lemun tsami, da kuma amfani da takin mai ɗauke da phosphorus da potassium.

Ascochitosis

Me yasa ya taso? Ascochitosis shine sakamakon wuce gona da iri da danshi na iska a ƙananan yanayin zafi. Abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka sune fungi na genus Ascochyta. Kamuwa da cuta ya kasance ko da a kan amfanin gona sharan gona, da zucchini rot.

Shaida. Cutar fungal tana shafar duk sassan ƙasa na shuka. A kan mai tushe da farantin ganye, ƙananan baƙar fata masu haske suna bayyana tare da ɗigon baƙar fata – pycnidia na naman gwari. Wuraren da abin ya shafa da sauri sun zama baki, sun zama taushi da bushe, kuma shuka ya mutu. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ascochitosis yana rinjayar tushe da reshe na mai tushe, saboda abin da suka rasa elasticity da karya. Kamuwa da cuta daga cikin tushen kayan lambu a cikin yanayi na wuce kima danshi ƙasa ba a ware.

Matakan sarrafawa. Yankunan da abin ya shafa ya kamata a sanya su da foda na jan karfe-alli (haɗin alli da jan karfe sulfate 1: 1). Bugu da ƙari, suna buƙatar a yi musu magani da murƙushewar gawayi don bushe kyallen da abin ya shafa da kuma hana yaduwar kamuwa da cuta.

Bacteriosis

Me yasa ya taso? Ana la’akari da babbar barazana ga zucchini da sauran cucurbits, tun da ba zai iya jurewa ba kawai sassan shuka ba, har ma da tushen amfanin gona da kansu. A causative wakili na Pathology dauke da kwari, saukad da ruwa, shuka tarkace. A wannan yanayin, kamuwa da cuta ya ci gaba a kan tsaba da kyallen takarda. Abubuwan da ke biyowa suna ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban bacteriosis:

• canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zafin rana da dare;
• high ƙasa da iska zafi;
• dasa tsaba ba tare da magani ba;
• rashin tsaftacewa na shafin bayan girbi.

Shaida. Dangane da nau’in bacteriosis:

1. Tabo ganyen kusurwa. Yana sa kansa ya san ko da a mataki na bayyanar cotyledons. Abubuwan da ke kan ganye suna yin irin wannan canji – sun zama duhu kore, sa’an nan kuma launin ruwan kasa, bushe da kasawa, samar da ramukan angular tsakanin veins. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna rufe da guguwa na ruwa, saboda abin da suka lalace.
2. Apical bacteriosis na ‘ya’yan itatuwa. A ƙarshen zucchini, sun fara juya launin rawaya, sa’an nan kuma an rufe su da launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa. Tushen yana ci gaba da girma. A ƙarshe, tushen ya zama gilashi kuma ya lalace.

Matakan sarrafawa. Kafin dasa, dole ne a jiƙa tsaba na kwana ɗaya a cikin maganin 0,2% na zinc sulfate, sannan a bushe sosai. Ana iya bi da su tare da Fitosporin-M ko wani fungicides. Tare da wannan abun da ke ciki, yana da daraja shayar da gadon lambun kwanaki 5 kafin dasa shuki iri ko seedlings. Don dalilai na rigakafi da kuma a cikin ƙananan zato na bacteriosis, harbe ya kamata a bi da su tare da 1% Bordeaux cakuda ko 0,4% jan karfe oxychloride bayani. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a daina fesa ‘ya’yan itace kwanaki 15 kafin girbi. Idan akwai mummunar lalacewa, ba zai yiwu a taimaka wa shuka ba, don haka dole ne a cire shi kuma a lalata shi.

Farin rot (sclerotinia)

Me yasa ya taso? Tushen kamuwa da cuta shine sclerotia, wanda ke fadowa daga tsire-tsire kuma ya bushe a cikin ƙasa, kuma yana kai hari a cikin bazara. Yana da matukar saukin kamuwa da cuta a lokacin matakin fruiting. Abubuwa masu zuwa suna haifar da kamuwa da cuta:

• wuce haddi na nitrogen a cikin ƙasa haɗe tare da ƙananan zafin jiki;
• saukowa mai kauri da yawa;
• canje-canje kwatsam a yanayin zafi;
• wani wuce haddi na nitrogen kari.

Zucchini na iya kamuwa da sclerotinia ta hanyar igiyoyin iska, da kuma saboda guntuwar mycelium a cikin stomata da wuraren da aka lalace ta inji.

Shaida. Naman gwari yana shafar dukkan sassan shuka – ‘ya’yan itatuwa, gashin-baki, ganye da petioles, mai tushe da tushen su. Da farko, launin fata mai laushi yana samuwa a kansu, sa’an nan kuma ɗigo baƙar fata sun bayyana – fungal spores. Abubuwan da abin ya shafa sun zama masu laushi, an rufe su da ƙoshi, su yi laushi, su lalace kuma su mutu. A sakamakon haka, ‘ya’yan itacen ya rushe.

Matakan sarrafawa. Idan an lura da bayyanar cututtuka na rot a kan bushes, musamman, an lura da wani farin launi a kan ganye, ya zama dole don fara yaki da pathogen. Matakan da za su taimaka a wannan al’amari:

• foda wuraren da ke da cututtuka tare da cakuda alli da aka murƙushe da foda sulfate na jan karfe (1: 1);
• yayyafa saman wuraren da abin ya shafa tare da murƙushe gawayi don bushe su da dakatar da yaduwar kamuwa da cuta;
• lokacin da kamuwa da zucchini a cikin greenhouse, rage zafi da iska a kai a kai don hana yaduwar sclerotia;
• tare da babban yaduwar farin rot a cikin bushe da yanayin zafi, cire ganyen shuka, kuma yayyafa wuraren da aka yanke tare da gurɓataccen ci ko shafa tare da 0,5% bayani na jan karfe sulfate;
• shayar da shuka da ruwan dumi;
• aiwatar da ciyarwar tushen (1 g na zinc sulfate, 2 g na jan karfe sulfate da 10 g na urea a kowace lita 10 na ruwa), da kuma amfani da takin phosphate da kayan abinci na calcium (bawon kaji na ƙasa ko ash ash a cikin adadin 200). g da 1 sq. m. site);
• Zuba ƙasa tare da maganin Fitolavin, sannan kuma ƙara takin don kula da microflora.

Idan ‘ya’yan itacen an rufe su da fararen fata, ba za a ci su ba. Suna buƙatar raba su da sauran amfanin gona kuma a lalata su don kada sclerotia ya yada zuwa wurare masu lafiya.

Don hana farar fata, ana iya fesa bushes tare da abun da ke ciki na 1 g na jan karfe sulfate, 1 g na zinc sulfate da 0,5 tbsp. l. urea da lita 10 na ruwa.

tushen rot

Me yasa ya taso? Sakamakon wuce gona da iri na suturar kayan halitta. Hakanan yana faruwa saboda canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi, raunin kayan lambu, shayarwa da ruwan sanyi (har zuwa 20 ° C) ko gadon lambun da ya toshe.

Shaida. Cutar ta shafi shuka a matakin samar da ‘ya’yan itace. A lokaci guda kuma, tushen tsarin, mai tushe da wuyansa suna ruɓe, kuma ƙwayoyin da suka shafa sun yi duhu kuma su zama launin ruwan kasa, sun zama ruɓaɓɓen da taushi. An rufe farantin ƙananan ganye da rawaya. Duk wannan yana hana ci gaban shuka, yana bushewa kuma a ƙarshe ya mutu.

Matakan sarrafawa. Don dalilai na rigakafi, makonni 3 kafin dasa shuki, ana iya bi da tsaba tare da Tiram (5-7 g da 1 kg na iri). Idan akwai zato game da ci gaban tushen rot, yana da daraja ƙara ƙasa zuwa tushe don samar da sababbin tushen. Bugu da ƙari, kuna buƙatar shayar da shuka tare da maganin 0,1% Previcur (200-300 ml na kowane daji). Hakanan zaka iya amfani da mafita mai ɗauke da metalaxyl (mefenoxam). Dole ne a cire tsire-tsire da suka kamu da cutar daga lambun a ƙone su, kuma a yi wa ƙasa da jan karfe sulfate.

rawaya mosaic

Me yasa ya taso? Wannan ba fungal ba ne, amma cutar ƙwayar cuta mai haɗari mai haɗari wacce ke da tsayin daka sosai a cikin yanayin waje kuma cikin sauƙin yaduwa cikin lambun. Masu dauke da kwayar cutar sune kwari – aphids, thrips da whiteflies. Bugu da kari, ana kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar iri masu dauke da cutar, da kasa da tarkacen shuka. Mosaic pathogens na iya zama a cikin ƙasa na shekaru da yawa.

Shaida. Tare da haɓakar mosaic, alamun tauraro masu launin fari-rawaya suna bayyana akan ganyen, waɗanda sannu a hankali suke girma, suna haifar da manyan ganyen farko suna murƙushewa, sannan na ƙasa. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna haɓaka ratsi fari da rawaya.

Hanyoyin gwagwarmaya. Cutar ba ta da magani, don haka dole ne a ciro dasa duka a ƙone, kuma a maye gurbin da ƙasa mai cutar da wata sabuwa don kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta na mosaic. Don hana ci gabanta, kuna buƙatar amfani da tsaba na tsire-tsire marasa cutarwa kawai, kuma kafin dasa shuki, kashe su ta hanyar jiƙa na mintuna 60 a cikin 15% na maganin trisodium phosphate.

Fusarium wilt (Fusariosis)

Me yasa ya taso? An tsokane shi da fungi na ƙasa wanda zai iya shafar shuka a kowane mataki na ci gaba. Kwayoyin cuta suna shiga cikin tushen tsarin kayan lambu daga ƙasa, suna aiki a cikin tasoshin da ke gudanar da shi, kuma a hankali suna girma.

Shaida. Fusarium ana nuna shi da farko ta hanyar rawaya da rauni na manyan ganyen daji. A cikin tushen tushen, mai tushe ya zama launin ruwan kasa, an rufe shi da fure mai ruwan hoda ko orange kuma ya lalace. A kan sashin giciye, ana iya ganin launin ruwan jijiyoyi. Yana shafar cutar da tushen tsarin, saboda abin da shuka ya bushe ya mutu a cikin ‘yan kwanaki.

Matakan sarrafawa. Idan an gano ilimin cututtuka a farkon mataki na ci gaba, to, daji da ƙasa a kusa da shi dole ne a zubar da su tare da toka na itace. Duk da haka, wannan ba zai isa ba. Don kawar da fusarium daidai, kuna buƙatar inganta ƙasa – shuka koren taki, amfani da takin gargajiya da ma’adinai, cire ciyawa, ƙara samfuran EM da shirye-shiryen calcium.

farin powdery mildew

Me yasa ya taso? A fungal cuta, da pathogens wanda overwinter a kan shuka saura na weeds – plantain, thistle, da dai sauransu A lokacin girma kakar, suka yada zuwa kayan lambu amfanin gona, wanda aka musamman sauƙaƙe da irin wannan dalilai kamar iskõki, high iska zafi, m watering. wuce kima taki tare da nitrogen da takin mai magani.

Shaida. Sau da yawa suna bayyana akan ganye kuma, zuwa ƙarami, akan mai tushe da petioles. Foda mildew yana bayyana ta wurin zagaye fararen aibobi na ƙananan masu girma dabam, waɗanda ake kira plaque gari. A hankali, suna ƙara girma kuma suna rufe dukkan farantin ganye tare da farin foda, wanda daga baya ya zama rawaya kuma ya bushe. A fi kansu curl kuma bushe fita saboda wani take hakkin da photosynthesis tsari. Wannan shi ne sporulation na naman gwari, wanda ke shayar da duk ruwan ‘ya’yan itace mai gina jiki daga al’ada kuma ya sa ba zai yiwu a samar da cikakkun ‘ya’yan itatuwa da dandano mai dadi ba.

A kan ganyen da ya shafa, ‘ya’yan itace …