Yadda za a shuka zucchini a cikin greenhouse?

Zucchini amfanin gona ne marasa fa’ida, don haka a mafi yawan lokuta ana shuka su a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Duk da haka, wannan ba yana nufin kwata-kwata ba za a iya noma su a cikin yanayin greenhouse ba. Akasin haka, wannan zai ba ku damar girbi girbi mai yawa – matsakaicin har zuwa kilogiram 30 na ‘ya’yan itace da 1 sq. m. Abin da ya kamata a yi la’akari da lokacin girma wannan kayan lambu a cikin greenhouse, da kuma yadda za a kula da shi yadda ya kamata, za mu sami ƙarin bayani.

Amfanin girma a cikin gida

A cikin yanayin greenhouse, zucchini ba ya girma sosai, saboda suna jin daɗin girbi mai kyau a gonar. Bugu da ƙari, suna da juriya ga sanyi na dare kuma ba su da buƙatar kulawa. Duk da haka, ko da tare da wannan a hankali, noman su a cikin greenhouse ba shi da ma’ana, saboda yana ba da fa’idodi masu zuwa:

• ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna girma sau da yawa da sauri, wanda ya shafi adadin girbi mai kyau;
• lokacin ƙirƙirar zucchini, suna samun ɗanɗano mai daɗi da daɗi;
• hybrids da aka yi niyya don noma a ƙarƙashin yanayin fim ba sa buƙatar ƙarin kulawa a cikin kulawa;
• tsire-tsire ba sa kai hari da kwari kuma a zahiri ba sa rashin lafiya;
• Za a iya shuka nau’ikan farko cikin riba don siyarwa akan sikelin masana’antu.

Zucchini baya buƙatar abun da ke ciki na ƙasa na musamman da yanayin zafin jiki, don haka noman su a cikin rufaffiyar ƙasa ba shi da tsada.

Zabi iri-iri

Don girma a cikin iyakataccen sarari, yana da kyau a zaɓi nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan daji na F1, tunda a lokaci guda suna biyan buƙatu masu mahimmanci – suna ɗaukar mafi ƙarancin sarari, suna da yawan amfanin ƙasa da tsawon lokacin ‘ya’yan itace, kuma suna da kyakkyawan dandano. Idan a lokaci guda kuma za ku zaɓi farkon hybrids, to, zaku iya shuka su a cikin greenhouse a duk shekara.

Don siyarwa, ƙananan nau’in ‘ya’yan itace tare da zucchini na inuwa mai haske ko matsakaici-cikakken sun fi dacewa. Yana da mahimmanci cewa shuka kanta ba ta da girma a kan petioles, don haka ya fi sauƙi kuma mafi aminci don girbi babban amfanin gona.

Yin la’akari da buƙatun da aka jera, yana da kyau a haɓaka irin waɗannan nau’ikan da hybrids a cikin ƙasa mai rufe:

• Lokacin F1. An fara girka iri-iri na farko a tashar gwaji ta Kuban na Cibiyar Binciken Duk-Rusa ta Shuka Shuka. An ba da shawarar don noma a cikin ƙasa mai karewa a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin murfin fim a cikin Arewacin, Volga-Vyatka, Nizhnevolzhsky, Ural da Yammacin Siberiya. Fruiting yana faruwa kwanaki 52-61 bayan bayyanar cikakken harbe. Yawan aiki – 20-25 kg a kowace murabba’in 1. m. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari masu nauyin 1,1-1,5 kg da 21-28 cm tsayi suna da kyau don sarrafawa da gwangwani.

• Cavili. Matakan zaɓi na Yaren mutanen Holland tare da tsawon lokacin ‘ya’yan itace (fiye da watanni 2). Yawancin lokaci, madaidaiciya zucchini ana girbe kwanaki 45-50 bayan germination, lokacin da suka kai tsayin 16-22 cm. A kowace murabba’in mita 10. m greenhouse ya isa shuka tsire-tsire 8-12 kawai. Yawan aiki – 10-60 t / ha.
  
• Nemchinovsky. Wani nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) wanda ba ya samar da dogon lashes kuma yana ba da ‘ya’yan itace tare da kodadde koren marrows masu nauyin 610-770 g. Itacen yana farawa da wuri, saboda haka ya fara ba da ‘ya’ya a ranar 38-48th. Yana da alaƙa da dawowar abokantaka na ‘ya’yan itatuwa.
  
• Farashin F1. Yana ƙarawa zuwa jerin zucchini mafi girma da sauri – ana iya girbe ‘ya’yan itatuwa na farko a farkon kwanaki 35. Zucchini, lokacin da ya kai ga girma na fasaha, yana auna kimanin kilogiram 0.5 kuma ya kai tsayin 16-18 cm. Yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da girma – fiye da 500 kg / ha. Lokacin da aka girma a cikin greenhouse, ya kamata a girbe ‘ya’yan itatuwa kowane kwanaki 3-4, wanda zai taimaka wajen samar da sababbin ovaries.
  
• Dila. Wani farkon cikakke iri-iri na zucchini, ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ke faruwa a cikin kwanaki 35-50. A matsakaici, ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna yin nauyi daga 0.5 zuwa 1 kg kuma suna da kyakkyawan jigilar kaya.
  

greenhouse bukatun

Zucchini yayi girma sosai a cikin polycarbonate greenhouses kuma a cikin matsugunan fim masu sauƙi. A kowane hali, don samun girbi mai kyau, yana da daraja la’akari da yawan buƙatun don greenhouse:

• Ko da don samun girbi mai kyau, yankin greenhouse na iya zama ƙananan – kimanin mita 45-50. m. Tsayinsa ba shi da mahimmanci, amma don dacewa da kulawa da tsire-tsire da girbi a tsakanin bushes, yana da daraja kula da wani wuri mai faɗi.
• Idan kuna shirin shuka kayan lambu a cikin lokacin hunturu, yakamata a gina greenhouse a kan tushe, kuma ya kamata a rufe firam ɗin katako ko ƙarfe da gilashi ko polycarbonate. Bugu da ƙari, dole ne a sanye shi da fitilun iska da tsarin dumama ta amfani da tukunyar wutar lantarki ko murhun itace. Idan an rufe greenhouse kawai da filastik, to ana iya amfani da dumama gida. A cikin gidaje masu tsada, ana iya samar da tsarin ban ruwa ta atomatik da sarrafa yanayi.
• Don zucchini, yana da kyawawa don samar da biofuel, wanda ba zai dumi iska sosai ba, amma tushen shuke-shuke. Ana shirya irin wannan matashin kai ta hanyar haɗuwa daidai adadin bambaro tare da taki mai lalacewa (naman alade, akuya ko saniya). Dole ne a ninka tari da aka samu, a zubar da ruwa sosai kuma a bar shi tsawon kwanaki 3-4 a karkashin fim din. Na gaba, a cikin greenhouse, kana buƙatar cire saman saman ƙasa, rarraba man fetur a ko’ina kuma a rufe tare da Layer na abinci mai gina jiki.

  Irin wannan matashin kai kuma yana da kyau a saman miya don seedlings a lokacin lokacin girma mai aiki, tun da yake sakin carbon dioxide, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga saurin ripening na ‘ya’yan itatuwa da kuma inganta dandano.

• Don zucchini a cikin greenhouse, kuna buƙatar shirya haske, ƙasa mai cike da oxygen tare da ɗan ƙaramin alkaline ko tsaka tsaki. Kafin dasa shuki abubuwan da suka faru, ana iya haɗe shi da ash ko riguna na ma’adinai. Ya kamata a tuna cewa kayan lambu ba sa son girma a wuri guda daga shekara zuwa shekara. Zai fi kyau a musanya dasa da irin waɗannan amfanin gona:
  • albasa;
  • kabeji;
  • tafarnuwa
  • legumes;
  • karas;
  • tumatir;
  • dankali.

  Don haɓakawa da haɓaka tsarin ƙasa, ana bada shawarar shuka taki kore.

• Bayan dasa shuki na bazara na greenhouse, kasar gona ya kamata a mulched da sawdust ko wasu kwayoyin halitta. Irin wannan suturar saman yana da amfani a lokacin girma shuka.
• A cikin greenhouse, yana da mahimmanci don kula da yanayin zafi mafi kyau. A lokacin rana, ya kamata ya kasance a +23 ° C, kuma da dare kada ya faɗi ƙasa +14 ° C. Ƙasa da kanta ya kamata a dumi har zuwa +20 … + 25 ° C.

Hanya da lokacin saukowa

A cikin filin bude, ana iya girma zucchini duka biyu ta hanyar seedlings da tsaba, amma a cikin greenhouse ya fi dacewa don amfani da fasahar seedling. Kuna iya amfani da shi a ko’ina cikin shekara, amma yana da kyau a yi haka a ƙarshen hunturu – farkon bazara, tun lokacin kaka zucchini ne wanda ke da mafi kyawun kiyayewa (sun wuce watanni 2-4). Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin bazara ne jiki yana buƙatar tallafin bitamin mafi yawa.

Idan kun fara shuka seedlings a ƙarshen Fabrairu ko a farkon Maris, ana iya girbe amfanin gona na farko a farkon Afrilu.

Gogaggen lambu sun lura cewa ainihin lokacin dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse ya dogara da inda suke girma. A Moscow, yana da daraja ɗaukar shi a cikin ƙasa a ranar Mayu 5-10, a Siberiya – Mayu 15-20, kuma a cikin yankin Krasnodar – Afrilu 10-15.

Girma seedlings

Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau na zucchini, kuna buƙatar shuka tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi a farkon Maris. Ana iya raba wannan hanya bisa sharaɗi zuwa matakai da yawa, kowannensu yana buƙatar la’akari daban.

Shirye-shiryen iri

Tsaba, ko da tare da shekaru 6-8 na ajiya, suna girma sosai. Koyaya, don wannan suna buƙatar shirya yadda yakamata, bin umarnin da ke gaba:

1. Zuba tsaba tare da ruwan zafi (+45…52 ° C) kuma barin sa’o’i 5-7. Misalan da ke iyo a cikin ƴan mintuna na farko ba su da ƙarfi, don haka suna buƙatar kamun kifi a jefar da su.
2. Don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, tsoma sauran tsaba na minti 2 a cikin ruwan kankara.
3. Sanya iri a cikin rigar da aka daskare kuma ajiye shi tsawon kwanaki 2 a cikin daki inda zafin jiki ya kasance aƙalla +23 ° C. A wannan lokacin, kiyaye masana’anta m.

Nan da nan kafin dasa shuki, ana iya jiƙa tsaba na tsawon mintuna da yawa a cikin wani bayani na stimulant ko potassium permanganate.

Dasa tsaba

Zucchini tsaba suna da girma, don haka ya kamata a girma a cikin kwantena daban. Idan akai la’akari da cewa shuka ba ya jure wa dasawa da kyau, yana da kyau a yi amfani da tukwane na peat guda ɗaya tare da diamita na 10 cm ko fiye don wannan. Idan babu, zaka iya amfani da takwarorinsu na filastik ko katako.

Ana iya siyan ƙasa don seedlings a kantin kayan lambu ko kuma a shirya shi da kansa ta hanyar haɗawa don wannan:

• 7 sassa na gonar lambu;
• 5 sassa na peat;
• 3 sassa na mullein;
• 150-200 g na ash;
• superphosphate – 30-40 g;
• 25-40 g na ammonium nitrate.

Tare da wannan abun da ke ciki na gina jiki, kana buƙatar cika tukwane da rabi. Yana buƙatar a dasa shi da kyau a rana kafin shuka. Lokacin dasa shuki, yakamata a zurfafa tsaba a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar 1.5-3 cm. Idan suna da sprouts, to sai a dasa su tare da tsiro mai tsiro. Shuka tsaba 2 a kowane rami. Bayan shuka, ya kamata a shayar da ƙasa da sauƙi, sannan a rufe shi da fim ko gilashi.

Yawancin tsaba za su yi girma a cikin kwanaki 3-5, amma kawai mafi karfi sprouts ya kamata a bar a cikin tukwane. Dole ne a yanke sauran a hankali sama da matakin ƙasa. Babu wani hali da ya kamata a fitar da su, tun da wannan zai iya lalata dukkanin tushen tsarin shuka.

Kula da seedlings

Bayan shuka tsaba, ya rage don samar da ingantaccen kulawa ga seedlings, wanda ke nuna bin ka’idodi masu zuwa:

• Har sai farkon harbe ya bayyana, ajiye tukwane a zazzabi na + 26 … + 28 ° C. Lokacin da farkon sprouts ya bayyana, rage shi zuwa + 17-18 ° C a rana, kuma a + 12 … + 14 ° C a rana. dare. Dole ne a kiyaye wannan yanayin har tsawon kwanaki 4, kuma a nan gaba dole ne a daidaita shi dangane da yanayin yanayi da lokacin rana. Don haka, a cikin kwanakin girgije, mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine + 21-22 ° C, kuma a ranakun rana – + 26 … + 28 ° C. Da dare, ya kamata a kiyaye shi a matakin + 17-18 ° C.
• Bai kamata a bar ruwa mai yawa ba, da kuma samuwar ɓawon burodi a saman ƙasa. Duk wannan zai iya haifar da ci gaban kara da tushen rot. Don hana wannan, ana buƙatar shuka tsaba da ruwan dumi yayin da ƙasa ta bushe.
• Lokacin girma seedlings a kan windowsill a gefen kudu, sprouts ba sa buƙatar ƙarin haske. A gabas ko yamma sa’o’in hasken rana suna ɗaukar akalla sa’o’i 11, don haka babu buƙatar fitulun wuta. Duk da haka, za a buƙaci su a cikin yanayin girma seedlings a kan windowsill a gefen arewa.

Lokacin kwanaki 20-25, seedlings zasu sami ganye na gaske 3-4. A cikin wannan lokaci, ana iya dasa shi zuwa wuri na dindindin.

Dasa seedlings a cikin wani greenhouse

Ƙasar da ke cikin greenhouse inda za a dasa zucchini dole ne a shirya sosai. Don yin wannan, yana da kyawawa don gabatar da taki mai lalacewa a cikinta daga fall a cikin adadin 10 kg da 1 sq m kuma tono da kyau. Ana iya amfani da takin ma’adinai kai tsaye zuwa ramuka kafin shuka a cikin adadin 30-40 g na nitrophoska kowace shuka. Bayan yin, suna buƙatar haɗuwa da ƙasa a cikin rami.

Seedlings sau da yawa ana dasa su zuwa wani wuri na dindindin a farkon watan Mayu ko kadan a baya. Kafin wannan, kuna buƙatar dumama ƙasa tare da murhu ko tukunyar jirgi na lantarki. Don kula da yanayin zafi na al’ada a ciki da kuma tabbatar da saurin girma na amfanin gona, yana da daraja mulching tare da sawdust, sunflower husks ko wasu kwayoyin halitta.

Ya kamata a yi picking da safe, da yamma ko kuma a rana mai gajimare. Kuna buƙatar yin wannan ta hanyar murabba’in gida bisa ga makirci mai zuwa:

• nisa tsakanin ramuka – 0,7-0,8 m;
• jeri jeri – daga 0.8 zuwa 1.5 m.

Ya kamata a nutsar da seedlings a cikin ramuka tare da yumbu mai yumbu kuma a zurfafa cikin ƙasa ta hanyar 5 cm, sa’an nan kuma a yayyafa shi da ƙasa zuwa zanen gado na farko, da sauƙi tamped da shayar. A wannan yanayin, zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse ya kamata ya kasance a matakin + 14-15 ° C. Wajibi ne a shaka dakin ta yadda ba za a rage shi da yawa ba. Ana iya rufe dasa shuki da fim wanda aka yi ramuka ga kowane shuka. Watering a nan gaba don aiwatar da a cikin wadannan ramukan.

Kula da zucchini a cikin greenhouse

Wannan amfanin gona na kayan lambu ba shi da fa’ida ko da a fili, don haka …