Zucchini tsire-tsire ne marasa fa’ida, sun dace da girma a cikin kowane latitudes. Amma ko da tare da su akwai matsaloli. Yawancin su ana yin sigina ta hanyar murƙushe ganye. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci abin da ya haifar da shi don amsawa a cikin lokaci da ajiye amfanin gona.
Kulawa mara kyau
Mafi yawan abin da ke haifar da curl ganye shine kurakuran kulawa da aka yi a lokacin noma. Yana da sauƙin ganowa da gyara su.
Cin zarafin tsarin ban ruwa
A cikin yanayin zafi (musamman idan ya daɗe yana jan hankali), curl curl shine yanayin zucchini na yau da kullun ga yanayin zafi. Matasa faranti na ganye a saman daji suna ɗaukar siffar mazurari. Don haka shuka yana adana danshi, ba ya ƙyale shi ya ƙafe.
Yawancin lokaci ana ganin wannan al’amari a cikin sa’o’i mafi zafi, kuma tare da farkon sanyi, ganye suna mikewa. Amma idan ba ku yi kome ba, zucchini zai fara bushewa kuma ya sauke ganye. Wannan zai dakatar da tsarin photosynthesis, shuka zai mutu.
Duk da haka, yawan zubar ruwa yana haifar da rubewar tushen. Ana tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar ganyen da aka naɗe a ciki a farkon matakin ciyayi. Don guje wa matsalar, bi dokoki:
- a lokacin zafi, shayar da zucchini kullum;
- ga kowane daji, ciyar da 1-1,5 lita na ruwa;
- yi ban ruwa da yamma idan zafi ya kwanta, ko da sassafe;
- a cikin sanyi, damshin yanayi, rage aikace-aikacen ruwa zuwa sau 2-3 a mako ko har sai ƙasa ta bushe;
- A daina shayarwa idan ana ruwan sama akai-akai.
Ana ba da shawarar ba kowane daji zucchini wani yanki na ruwa daban. Amma kuma ba a haramta zubar da magudanan ruwa da yawa ba. Wannan yana da amfani musamman da safe idan zai zama rana mai zafi.
Rashin Gina Jiki
Cin abinci mara kyau kuma yana shafar ci gaban zucchini. Nitrogen yana da tasiri mai kyau a kan ci gaban su, amma yawansa yana rinjayar ganye da mummunar tasiri, har ma ya sa su bushe. Idan, a kan bangon babban adadin nitrogen, an lura da ƙananan matakin phosphorus, shuka kuma yana jin dadi.
Don guje wa irin wannan matsala, ana bada shawara don shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki sannan, a duk lokacin girma, aiwatar da suturar sama. Ka’idojin abinci sune kamar haka:
- Yi cakuda ƙasa mai tsabta da takin tare da ƙari na toka. Ana iya maye gurbin sashi na ƙarshe da superphosphate ko kowane hadadden taki don kayan lambu.
- Shirya gadon sinadarai ta hanyar canza matattun ganye, ciyawa, da taki. Rotting, za su dumi cakuda ƙasa kuma su cika shi da abubuwa masu amfani masu amfani.
- Ana yin suturar farko ta farko a matakin fure. Dole ne ya zama nitrogen. Ana yin taki na halitta daga kowane ciyawa (nettle, dandelion, da sauransu. ba tare da akwatunan iri ba) da ruwa mara kyau. Ya zama kore jiko.
- Tufafi na biyu yana da rikitarwa. Zai fi kyau a ɗauki kowane takin masana’anta da ya dace. Ana aiwatar da shi bayan bayyanar ovaries kuma kafin ci gaban ‘ya’yan itatuwa. A cikin yanayin damina, ana iya maimaita shi idan akwai wankewar ƙasa tsakanin bushes.
- Ana yin suturar ƙarshe yayin girmar ‘ya’yan itace tare da maganin jiko ash.
Dasa zucchini a wuri guda ba a ba da shawarar ba. Tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar duk abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa, ƙasa ta ƙare. A wannan yanayin, ƙarin ciyarwa da wadatar ƙasa tare da takin mai magani ba zai taimaka ba.
m shuka
Zucchini yana buƙatar rana. Rashin ƙarancinsa yana bayyana ta hanyar canji a cikin launi na faranti na takarda da karkatarwa. Kuna buƙatar shuka amfanin gona a cikin buɗaɗɗen wuri. Ƙananan bishiyoyi, shrubs ko shinge tare da gonar suna yarda. Yin magudi zai ba da inuwa a cikin kwanaki masu zafi sosai.
Zucchini bushes suna girma sosai, don haka suna buƙatar sarari mai yawa. In ba haka ba, ganye ba za su sami isasshen rana ba, kuma tushen – danshi, wanda zai haifar da gasa mara kyau kuma yana shafar yanayin shuka. Lokacin dasa shuki, ana lura da nisa na 1 m tsakanin seedlings.
Idan ba a bi irin wannan matakin ba, ana ba da shawarar yin bakin ciki tare da kawar da wuce gona da iri. Wannan ba zai yi mummunan tasiri ga lamba da girman ‘ya’yan itatuwa a cikin amfanin gona ba. Wani daji wanda ya sami ƙarin sarari zai fara ba da ‘ya’ya da yawa.
Fungal cututtuka
Sau da yawa dalilin lalacewar ganye a cikin zucchini shine shan kashi na cututtukan fungal. Tsire-tsire masu sassan ciyayi masu “rara” suna da saurin kamuwa da su musamman.
anthracnose
Cutar ta shafi ba kawai ganye ba, har ma da duk sassan shuka, sai dai tushen. Bayyana a cikin samuwar rawaya-launin ruwan kasa spots a leaf faranti. Yayin da cutar ke tasowa, tabo sun bushe, farantin ganye yana ninka.
A wasu yankunan, raunuka suna da damuwa, tare da launi mai ruwan hoda. Idan spots sun bayyana a tushen, dole ne a lalata shuka.
Don hana ci gaban anthracnose, gudanar da ayyuka:
- an zaɓi seedlings a hankali (mafi ƙarfi da lafiya);
- an cire tsire-tsire da aka shafa daga gonar;
- ciyawa a cikin lokaci;
- bayan girbi, ana cire duk ragowar shuka daga gonar;
- tare da kusancin sanyi, an tona ƙasa.
Tare da bayyanar alamun farko na cutar a cikin ganyayyaki, ana fesa shuka tare da maganin colloidal sulfur ko cakuda Bordeaux. Idan zucchini ya girma a cikin greenhouse, duk saman dakin ana lalata su a cikin kaka da bazara tare da maganin bleach.
Ascochitosis
Sama-kasa sassa na seedlings suna shafar. Bayyana a cikin samuwar baki spots a kan kara da ganye. Juyawa faranti ƙaramin alama ne, sau da yawa ba ya nan. Ci gaban cutar yana da sauri. Idan an gano alamun alamun a makara, ba za a iya ceton shuka ba.
Dalilin bayyanar ascochitosis shine zubar ruwa na ƙasa ko spores da suka rage a cikin ƙasa daga kakar karshe. A matsayin matakan yaƙi da cutar amfani da:
- kiyaye jujjuya amfanin gona;
- canjin lokaci na ƙasa a cikin noman greenhouse;
- matsakaicin watering;
- tsaftace gadaje a cikin fall bayan girbi.
A farkon bayyanar cututtuka na cutar, yankin tare da zucchini yana ƙura tare da cakuda alli da sulfate na jan karfe, wani lokaci tare da ƙari na carbon da aka kunna. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen bushe ƙwayar shuka da kuma daidaita matsalar.
Sclerotinia (farin rot)
Duk sassan shuka suna fama da cutar. Mycelium mai cutarwa yana tasowa a cikin tsire-tsire masu kauri ko tare da ƙarancin ƙasa. Kwayoyin naman gwari suna aiki musamman a lokacin ‘ya’yan itace na zucchini.
Cutar ta bayyana kanta a cikin samuwar farin rufi a kan ganye, mahimmancin laushi da raguwa. Ana kuma lura da ƙwayar nama.
Don kauce wa bayyanar da ci gaban sclerotinia, ana amfani da hanyoyin:
- sauyawa na shekara-shekara na wurin don shuka amfanin gona;
- disinfection iri;
- kiyaye tazara tsakanin bushes;
- ƙurar ƙasa da tokar itace;
- yarda da tsarin ban ruwa da yawan ruwa.
Fusarium
Haɗarin cutar shine cewa a zahiri tana bayyana kanta a cikin matakai na gaba. Cutar ta fara ne tare da tushen da tsarin jijiyoyin jini na zucchini, kuma a cikin lokacin aiki kawai yana motsawa zuwa ga ganye. Yawancin lokaci shuka ba za a iya ajiyewa ba. Bugu da kari, cutar da sauri yada zuwa makwabcin harbe.
Lokacin da aka gano alamun farko, duk shuke-shuke masu lafiya da ke makwabtaka da su ana shafe su da toka na itace. Idan cutar ta riga ta bayyana kanta a kan mai tushe da ganye, ana gudanar da magani tare da samfurori na halitta (Trichodermin, da dai sauransu).
Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan haɓakar Fusarium shine wuce haddi na takin gargajiya wanda ke ƙara yawan haihuwa. Ana bada shawara don inganta ƙasa ta hanyar dasa koren taki:
A cikin babban sutura, lura da haɗuwa da kwayoyin halitta da ma’adanai waɗanda aka wadatar da calcium.
farin powdery mildew
Cutar tana lalata ma’adanai a cikin shuka, wanda ke haifar da mutuwarsa. Yana bayyana kanta a cikin samuwar farar fata masu zagaye a kan ganye, sa’an nan kuma suka girma, sun haɗu da kuma rufe dukkan farfajiya. Bugu da ari, farantin ganyen ya zama launin ruwan kasa, bushewa da murɗawa.
Akwai dalilai guda biyu na lalacewar powdery mildew:
- spores overwintered a shuka ya rage a ƙasa;
- karancin nitrogen da takin mai magani.
Idan raunin ya riga ya bayyana, ana bi da zucchini tare da Gamair, Fitosporin ko Fitoflavin. Kamar yadda matakan kariya suka shafi:
- disinfection iri;
- yarda da tsarin ciyarwa;
- sarrafa sako.
Peronosporosis
Cutar na iya bayyana a kowane mataki na ci gaban zucchini. Yana bayyana kanta a cikin yellowing na ganye, su karkatarwa, samuwar taso keya da angular spots, bayyanar launin toka ko purple shafi a baya. A mataki na gaba, koren kyallen takarda ya bushe, ya bar kawai petioles.
Don ci gaban peronosporosis, yanayi mai dumi, mai laushi yana da nasara. Bayan gano alamun cutar, dole ne a cire duk ganyen da suka shafa nan da nan. Ana bada shawara don kula da duk tsire-tsire tare da jiko na bawon albasa ko magungunan ganye.
Bushewar saman rube
Ya bayyana a matsayin rawaya rigar spots a kan kyallen takarda na shuka. Suna juya launin ruwan kasa tsawon lokaci kuma suna samun wari mara kyau. Ganyen zucchini da ke fama da necrosis sun rasa ikon riƙe danshi. Suna “lalacewa” kuma su bushe.
Abin da ke haifar da cutar shine mafi yawan lokuta rashin calcium a cikin ƙasa.
Lokacin da alamun farko suka bayyana, wajibi ne don wadatar da ƙasa tare da takin mai magani wanda ke dauke da calcium. A matsayin ma’auni na rigakafi a cikin fall, ana ƙara toka na itace ko ƙwai da aka niƙa a cikin gadaje.
kwari
Har ila yau, kwari suna haifar da curls na ganye da rashin ci gaban zucchini. Wasu daga cikinsu suna shafar shuka kai tsaye, wasu sun zama masu ɗaukar cututtuka masu haɗari.
gizo-gizo mite
Ayyukan mite gizo-gizo shine tsotse kayan abinci da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace daga naman shuka. Yankunan kwari suna sauka a ƙarƙashin ganyen kuma suna haɓaka cikin sauri. Tare da aikinsu mai mahimmanci suna haifar da nadewa na farantin, sannan kuma ta hanyar wilting.
Don kawar da kaska, yi amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- Isofren bisa ga umarnin;
- maganin sulfur;
- jiko na kwasfa albasa.
Don ruwa ya tsaya a saman shukar kuma ya daɗe a kansu, ana ƙara sabulu mai ruwa a cikin maganin.
sprout tashi
Hatsarin ba kwarin da kansa ba ne, amma tsutsansa. Su ne suke cin ‘ya’yan itatuwa da ƙananan harbe na shuka. Caterpillars suna ɓoye a cikin ganyen, yana sa su juya.
Ana kiwon kuda mai tsiro a cikin taki da ake amfani da shi azaman taki. Tabbatar da kawar da shi (ko hana bayyanar) ba zai yi nasara ba. Lokacin da zucchini ya lalace ta hanyar kwari, ana shigar da granular kwari a cikin ƙasa a cikin lambun.
Melon Caviar
Aphids suna daga cikin kwari mafi haɗari na kayan lambu. Kwarin yana zama a cikin manyan yankuna. Yawan su yana karuwa akai-akai.
Rashin cin nasara ya kai duk sassan da ke sama na zucchini. A kan ganyen, aphids an haɗa su a gefe na baya, suna tsokanar “raƙuwa” na faranti.
Tasirin aphids yana haifar da bushewar kyallen takarda da lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta (musamman tare da tsire-tsire masu kauri) – mosaic squash da phytophage.
Ana yin rigakafin ta hanyar tsaftace duk tarkacen shuka daga gonar a hankali. A cikin su ne aphids hibernate. Don maganin kwari, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen Spark, Intavir da Karbofos.
farar fata
Kwarin yakan shiga aikin sa a watan Yuli. Kuna iya koyo game da tasirin whitefly ta hanyar ɓoye mai ɗanɗano akan saman ganye. A nan gaba, soot fungi yana samuwa a cikin waɗannan wurare – wani baƙar fata mai launin fata wanda yayi kama da ƙura. Yana da ci gaban cututtukan fungal wanda ke haifar da lalata faranti na ganye.
Don yaƙar whitefly, ana fesa tsire-tsire tare da maganin Confidor ko Phosbecid. Bugu da ari, ana wanke abubuwan daga kowane ganye da ruwa (ana iya amfani da maganin sabulu mai rauni), kuma ƙasan da ke kewaye da bushes an kwance su sosai.
Matakan rigakafi
Dokokin noman zucchini suna da sauƙi, kuma sun haɗa da rigakafi. Wannan zai taimaka wajen rage yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar ganyen squash (da sauran sassan shuka) da kuma hana kwari daga cutar da su. Babban matakan kariya sune:
- kiyaye jujjuya amfanin gona;
- kawar da iri;
- tsaftace wurin bayan girbi daga ragowar shuka;
- tillage don shuka (zuba da ruwan zãfi ko maganin manganese);
- rigakafin kauri ta hanyar bin saukakawa…
