Nau’in zucchini iri-iri Kavili F1 yana ɗaya daga cikin jagorori a zaɓin duniya, saboda yana jan hankalin masu lambu tare da halaye da yawa a lokaci ɗaya – farkon ripening, yawan amfanin ƙasa, juriya na fari da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano. Kara karantawa game da halaye da namo wannan matasan da ke ƙasa.
Zucchini Cavili
Kavili squash yana da juriya ga girma
Kawili zucchini yana da ɓangaren litattafan almara
Bayani iri-iri
Zucchini Cavili F1 (Cavili F1) – wani nau’i na zaɓi na Dutch daga kamfanin Nunhems (Nunhems), wanda ya dace da girma a cikin bude ƙasa da kuma a cikin yanayin greenhouse. An gabatar da halayensa a cikin tebur mai zuwa:
Siffar Siffar Lokacin Girman Hydride yana da wuri-wuri. Wannan yana nufin cewa za a iya girbe ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu girma a cikin kwanaki 40-45 bayan bayyanar farkon harbe. Pollination Kavili na cikin rukuni na tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da parthenocarpy, wato, zucchini yana yin pollinating da kansa – yana iya samar da ‘ya’yan itace ba tare da pollination ba (ba tare da shigar da kwari ba). Wannan kadarar tana da amfani musamman don noma da wuri a cikin greenhouse ko a fili a lokacin damina, lokacin da kudan zuma da sauran kwari ba sa tashi. Halayen Bush Wannan nau’in zucchini na cikin shuke-shuken daji tare da ƙananan internodes. A bushes ne m, don haka za ka iya kasafta musu kananan wurare. Tushen su yana kusa da saman ƙasa kuma yana ɗaukar sarari fiye da sashin iska na shuka. An rufe bushes da duhu koren ganye tare da farar fata. Kamar yadda yake akan petioles, balaga balaga yana bayyane akan su. Furannin lemu suna da girma kuma suna shuɗewa cikin sa’o’i 24. Furanni maza da mata duka suna fure a daji ɗaya. Halayen ‘ya’yan itatuwa A matsakaita, nauyin ‘ya’yan itace daya shine 280-320 g, amma wani lokacin samfurori masu nauyi har zuwa 500 g sun hadu. Suna girma har zuwa 16-22 cm tsayi. Zucchini masu kama da juna suna da siffa mai siliki na yau da kullun kuma suna da launin fata mai launin bakin haske. Ita kanta ɓangaren litattafan almara fari ce mai launi, tana da laushi mai laushi da ɗanɗano, da kuma yawan sukari. Ana iya amfani da shi wajen dafa abinci ko da danye. Bugu da ƙari, ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun dace da canning. Amfanin ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna da wadata a cikin bitamin (ƙungiyoyin B, A, C, E), biotin, nicotinic acid da ma’adanai (zinc, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus). Saboda wannan, suna da tasiri mai kyau a jikin mutum – suna daidaita ma’aunin ruwa-gishiri, inganta aikin tsarin narkewa, samar da sakamako na diuretic da choleretic, ƙananan cholesterol, da inganta yanayin fata. Don haka, samfuri ne mai kyau don cin abinci mai gina jiki da daidaitacce. Yawan aiki Duk da ƙarancin bushes, tare da kulawa mai kyau, yawan amfanin ƙasa shine aƙalla 7-9 kg a kowace murabba’in 1. Ana iya girbe girbi na farko watanni 1,5 bayan germination. An bambanta iri-iri ta tsawon lokacin dawowar ‘ya’yan itatuwa – ana iya girbe su kusan dukkanin Yuli da rabin Agusta, kuma a wasu lokuta shuka yana samar da ‘ya’yan itatuwa har sai yanayin sanyi.
Siffa ta musamman ta Kavili tana cikin juriyar ‘ya’yan itacen don wuce gona da iri. Godiya ga wannan, zucchini da ba a girbe ba, wanda ya kai nauyin kilogiram 1,5, yana riƙe duk dandano.
Siffofin namo Cavili zucchini ba shi da fa’ida a cikin noma, amma yana buƙatar haske da dumi. Idan yanayin damuwa ya kasance a lokacin girma (yawan ruwan sama, zafi), to, ‘ya’yan itatuwa zasu iya samuwa ba tare da pollination ba. Ita kanta shuka tana da juriya ga mildew powdery. Ana yiwa nau’in nau’in lakabin F1, wato, matasan ne, kuma mai lambu ba zai iya tattara tsaba da kansa don dasa shuki na gaba ba. Za a buƙaci kusan iri dubu 1-8 a kowace hectare 10 na ƙasar. Tabbatar da germination su shine 85-93%.
A taƙaice, an kwatanta halayen Cavili matasan kamar haka:
Hanyoyin saukarwa da kwanakin
Zucchini na asalin Dutch ana iya girma ta hanyoyi biyu, wanda mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shuki zai dogara:
- Ta hanyar shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa buɗe. A cikin yankuna masu dumi, ana iya shuka amfanin gona cikin sauƙi a waje ta hanyar dasa iri a cikin ƙasa da aka noma. Ana iya yin shuka a farkon watan Mayu, idan yanayin iska ya kai +18 ° C, kuma ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa zurfin 5-7 cm zuwa +12 ° C. Dangane da yanayin yanayi, ana iya yin saukowa har zuwa farkon Yuni.
- hanyar seedling. Noman zucchini ta amfani da wannan fasaha zai ba ku damar samun girbi da wuri. A wannan yanayin, ana iya shuka tsaba don seedlings a ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya tsaya sama da + 18 ° C, ana iya dasa shuki tare da ganye 2-3 zuwa wuri na dindindin a cikin adadin 3 bushes da 1 sq. m.
Ko da kuwa hanyar noma na Kavili, don matsakaicin tsawo na lokacin ‘ya’yan itace, ana iya dasa tsaba ko seedlings na zucchini a cikin allurai 2 ko 3. Lokacin lokacin shine makonni 2-3.
A ina za a dasa zucchini?
Al’adar za ta ba da ‘ya’ya da kyau kawai lokacin da aka noma a wuri mai dacewa, wanda aka shirya daidai da ka’idoji da yawa.
Zaɓin Yanar Gizo
Wurin da za a noman zucchini ya kamata ya zama lebur, da hasken rana da kuma kariya daga iska. Zai fi kyau kada a shuka shi a cikin ambaliya da dausayi, wato, yana da kyawawa cewa ruwan ƙasa ba ya wuce kusa da saman.
Daga ra’ayi na kayan aikin injiniya na ƙasa, ya kamata ya zama haske kuma tare da tsaka tsaki acidity (pH 6,5-7). Dangane da wannan, ƙasa mai yashi da ƙasa mai laushi shine mafi kyawun zaɓi. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya rage acidity ɗinsa ta ƙara foda alli ko garin dolomite. Al’adar za ta ba da ‘ya’ya mara kyau akan ƙasa mai nauyi, mai yawa, ƙarancin ƙasa da sanyi.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci yayin zabar wurin da za a shuka zucchini don la’akari da ka’idodin juyawa amfanin gona, bisa ga abin da amfanin gona na gaba shine mafi kyawun magabata a gare shi:
- dankali;
- baka;
- kabeji;
- wake;
- wake;
- tumatir;
- alkama hunturu.
Magabata marasa inganci sun haɗa da:
- zucchini na kowane irin;
- squash;
- kokwamba;
- kabewa, da sauransu.
Cin zarafin ka’idodin juyawa amfanin gona zai haifar da faruwar cututtuka da ƙananan yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Shirin Kasa
Bayan zaɓar wani rukunin yanar gizon yin la’akari da duk shawarwarin da ke sama, zaku iya fara shirya ƙasa, wanda yakamata a yi a cikin fall don mafi kyawun ƙasa tare da takin gargajiya da ma’adinai. Don yin wannan, dole ne a haƙa shafin zuwa zurfin 30-35 cm, cire duk tarkace da ciyawa. A wannan yanayin, bai kamata ku karya kullun ba. Ga kowane murabba’in mita na ƙasa mai albarka yakamata a yi amfani da irin wannan suturar saman:
- 6-8 kilogiram na takin ko ruɓaɓɓen taki;
- superphosphate – 50-60 g;
- 50-60 g na potassium gishiri.
Yawancin mazauna lokacin rani sun fi son shuka takin kore bayan girbi, wanda bayan yankan, ya lalace a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara kuma ya cika ƙasa, don haka ba a buƙatar sake hadi a cikin bazara.
A cikin bazara, kwanaki 7 kafin shuka, ya kamata a sake haƙa ƙasa zuwa zurfin 25-27 cm, yana gabatar da kayan ado mai ɗauke da nitrogen – 50-60 g na ammonium nitrate da 1 sq. Don tabbatar da shirye-shiryen ƙasa don dasa zucchini, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar ƙasa kaɗan a cikin hannu, ku matse shi kaɗan kuma ku jefa. Idan dunƙule ya rushe, to, ƙasa ta shirya sosai, kuma za ku iya fara shuka. Idan ƙasa mai cike da ruwa ta faɗi kawai lokacin da ta faɗi, yakamata a jinkirta dasa shuki.
Dole ne a haƙa yanki mai ƙananan kwance zuwa zurfin 15 cm kuma ya kamata a kafa gadaje tare da sigogi masu zuwa:
- tsawo – 20-30 cm;
- nisa – 100 cm;
- gangara – zuwa kudu don mafi kyawun dumama ƙasa.
Zucchini zai yi girma da kyau a cikin gadaje tare da rufi. Don shirya su, kuna buƙatar yin tsagi mai zurfi 30 cm, wanda kuka sanya takin kuma ku yayyafa shi da ƙasa na 20 cm.
Idan ba a noma wurin da kyau a cikin kaka, ya kamata a takin a cikin bazara bisa ga irin ƙasa:
Nau’in ƙasa Hadi da 1 sq. m Peat kwanaki 3 kafin dasa, ƙara 2 kilogiram na takin, guga na turf, 1 g na superphosphate, 20 g na potassium sulfate da 8 g na ash. Tono wurin da kuma zuba jan karfe sulfate (5 g da 200 ml na kaza taki da 10 lita na ruwa) a cikin kudi na 3 lita da 1 sq. m. A ƙarshe, rufe gado tare da tsare. Clay Add 3 kg na yashi, sawdust, peat da humus. Daga takin ma’adinai, ƙara 20 g na superphosphate, 18 g na nitrophoska da 8 g na ash na itace. Loam mai haske Aiwatar da taki iri ɗaya kamar na ƙasar yumbu, amma ban da yashi. Sandy Add 3 kg na sawdust da humus, kazalika da 2 buckets na turf da peat don riƙe danshi. Daga takin ma’adinai, yi amfani da daidai da yanayin yumbu. Chernozem Ya isa takin tare da 3 buckets na turf, 0,5 buckets na sawdust, 40 g na superphosphate da 16 g na ash.
Tsarin iri kafin magani
Don noma Kavili zucchini a cikin bayan gida, masu lambu za su iya amfani da tsaba da aka saya kawai na matasan, waɗanda galibi ana sayar da su bayan an gudanar da aikin da ya dace. Saboda haka, ba a buƙatar shiri na musamman. Koyaya, wasu sun fi son bi da tsaba tare da abun da ke ciki na abinci na musamman Tyramine kafin shuka. A wannan yanayin, ba za su buƙaci a shayar da su ba, tun da wannan hanya kawai za ta taimaka wajen wanke wannan abun da ke ciki.
Shuka tsaba a cikin bude ƙasa
Don samun girbi mai kyau, ba lallai ba ne don shuka bushes da yawa. Ya isa ya girma da yawa lafiya da samfurori masu ƙarfi akan shafin. Babban abu shine kada kuyi girma da dasa shuki, saboda a cikin wannan yanayin za a ɗaure ‘ya’yan itatuwa marasa kyau, wanda zai haifar da mummunar tasiri ga yawan zucchini na Dutch. Shuka zai ji daɗi a cikin lambun idan ta kowane yanki na 1 sq m wuri 3 daji.
Mafi kyawun tsari don dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasa da aka riga aka shirya shine kamar haka:
- zurfin rami – 5-6 cm;
- nisa tsakanin ramuka shine 70-80 cm;
- jeri jeri – 130-140 cm.
Wannan tsarin shuka ne zai ba da damar bushes su ci gaba sosai. A cikin kowane rami, kuna buƙatar jefa tsaba 3-4 tare da ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙasa. Sannan a shayar da su sosai, a yayyafa su da kasa sannan a shafe su. Daga sama, yana da kyawawa don ciyawa gado tare da Layer na sawdust, peat ko yankakken hay. Hakanan za’a iya kiyaye saukowa daga yiwuwar dawowar sanyi tare da murfin fim.
Tushen farko zai bayyana a cikin kwanaki 7. Idan tsaba da yawa sun tsiro a cikin kowane rami, to yakamata a bar tsiro mafi ƙarfi, sauran kuma yakamata a yanke su sama da matakin ƙasa, kuma kar a cire su, don kada su lalata tsarin juyayi na shuka.
Yadda za a shuka tsaba a cikin bude ƙasa, zaku iya gani a fili a cikin bidiyon:
Girma Kavili seedlings
Wannan fasaha ya haɗa da shirye-shiryen seedlings a cikin greenhouse ko a cikin ɗakin kwana, wanda zai buƙaci a dasa shi zuwa wuri na dindindin a nan gaba. Za mu yi la’akari da kowane mataki daban.
Shiri na seedlings
Seedlings ba su yarda da ɗauka ba, saboda wannan hanya yana raunana tsarin tushen su sosai. Zai fi kyau shuka su a cikin kwantena daban – filastik ko tukwane na peat tare da diamita na akalla 20 cm. Game da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki, zaku iya siyan shi a kantin kayan lambu ko shirya shi da kanku ta hanyar ɗaukar ƙasa mara kyau da mai gina jiki daga lambun ku.
Ana aiwatar da shuka seedlings bisa ga umarnin masu zuwa:
- Zuba cakuda ƙasa don seedlings a cikin tukwane kuma shirya ramuka zuwa zurfin 3-4 cm.
- Jefa iri 1 cikin kowane rami tare da kaifi kaifi ƙasa.
- Danka ƙasa da kwalbar fesa kuma a rufe da gilashi ko fim, sannan a sake shirya tukwane a kan taga sill na gefen rana.
- Har sai farkon harbe ya bayyana, kiyaye seedlings a yanayin zafin iska na + 25 … + 28 ° C. Bayan kwanaki 4-5, lokacin da harbe na farko ya bayyana, ya zama dole don cire murfin kariya kuma rage yawan zafin jiki ta ‘yan digiri. . A lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci don shayar da ƙasa a cikin lokaci don hana samuwar busassun ɓawon burodi a saman.
- Tare da bayyanar farkon sprouts, motsa zucchini zuwa wuri mai haske, in ba haka ba za su shimfiɗa da yawa. Ba sa buƙatar ƙarin haske.
- Mako guda kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe, dole ne a taurare seedlings. Don yin wannan, ana buƙatar matsar da tukwane zuwa ɗaki mai sanyi (balcony, veranda), inda ake ajiye zafin rana a cikin + 16 … + 18 ° C, kuma da dare – ba ƙasa da + 13 ° C. Iska mai sanyi da sanyi ba. ba za a yarda da zayyana ba.
Dasawa a cikin bude ƙasa
A cikin shekaru 20 da haihuwa, …
