Sau da yawa, lambu suna tsayawa a hanyar seedling na girma zucchini. Wannan yana ba ku damar samun samfurori na farko, wanda ke da mahimmanci a yankunan arewacin, inda lokacin rani ya kasance takaice. Girma wannan amfanin gona na kayan lambu daga seedlings yana da halaye na kansa.
Zaɓin mafi dacewa iri-iri don dasa shuki
Kafin girma zucchini, kuna buƙatar yanke shawara akan iri-iri.
A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a yi la’akari da yawan fasalulluka iri-iri:
- sharuddan maturation (farkon, tsakiya, marigayi);
- yawan aiki;
- daidaitaccen yanayin girma;
- pollination (giciye ko parthenocarpy);
- nau’in girma (daji ko shuka shuka);
- dandano, bayyanar.
Shin kun sani? Zucchini nau’in kabewa ne kuma Mutanen Espanya ne suka kawo Turai a karni na XNUMX daga Amurka. Da farko, an girma a matsayin m shuke-shuke da sabon sabon abu furanni.
Zai fi dacewa don zaɓar nau’in zoned. A cikin yankunan arewa, ya kamata a ba da fifiko ga nau’in ripening da wuri tare da juriya ga ƙananan yanayin zafi (Rolik, Beloplodny, Fir’auna).
Don greenhouses, kayan iri wanda baya buƙatar pollination ya dace sosai – Belogor, Parthenon, Aeronaut, Astoria, Apollo, Dry, White, Black Zucchini, Cavili. Waɗannan su ne hybrids parthenocarpic, ‘ya’yan itãcen marmari waɗanda ba su samar da cikakkun tsaba ba.
A kan baranda da loggias, yana halatta a shuka nau’in daji na farko waɗanda ke da tsayayya ga mummunan yanayin muhalli. Waɗannan su ne Beloplodny, Anchor, Roller, Belogor.
A cikin yankunan kudanci, zaku iya girma iri-iri masu ban sha’awa tare da tsawon lokacin girma. Misali, nau’in Spaghetti, wanda a cikinsa ya zama cikakke ɓangaren litattafan almara zuwa zaruruwa ko Lagenaria. Kuna iya zaɓar zucchini na ƙarshen zamani wanda ke da kyau.
Yaushe ya kamata ku dasa zucchini don seedlings?
Lokacin dasa shuki zucchini, dole ne a la’akari da cewa an dasa su a kan gadaje a shekaru 25-30. Ba dole ba ne tsire-tsire “overexposure” ya kasance – wannan zai haifar da mummunar tasiri akan ‘ya’yan itace. A tsakiyar Rasha, ana dasa zucchini don seedlings daga 20 ga Afrilu zuwa 15 ga Mayu.
Don ƙarshen girbi – daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Yuli. Irin waɗannan sharuɗɗan sun fi dacewa don samun ‘ya’yan itatuwa waɗanda ya kamata a adana su ko adana su. Kuna iya yin amfanin gona akai-akai. Sun dace don samar da dankalin farko, radishes, letas da kabeji.
A cikin yankunan kudancin, yana yiwuwa a shuka a baya a cikin bazara. Bincika hasashen yanayi kafin saukowa. A kowane hali, lokacin shuka, ya kamata a la’akari da cewa a ranar dasa shuki a kan titi, zafin rana ya kamata ya kasance a + 23 ° C, da dare – + 19 ° C. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai kariya 2. – makonni 3 a baya.
Yadda za a shirya tsaba don dasa shuki?
Idan ba a sarrafa tsaba da aka saya ba, to yana da mahimmanci a kashe su tare da 1% bayani na potassium permanganate na minti 20. Sannan sai a wanke su a bushe a bushe a kan kayan shafa.
Irin waɗannan nau’ikan sun riga sun dace da shuka, amma ana iya haɓaka haɓakarsu ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- Jiƙa iri a cikin ruwan abinci mai gina jiki ko abubuwan motsa jiki. Don wannan dalili, ana amfani da maganin “Epin”, “Zircon”, ash, ruwan ‘ya’yan Aloe ko hadadden taki (“Nitroammofoski”). Ana nutsar da tsaba na tsawon sa’o’i 8-24, sannan ba a wanke su ba.
- Bubbuwa. Ya dace da masu aquarium. Ana sanya iri a cikin ruwa wanda aka wadatar da iskar oxygen ta injin akwatin kifaye na tsawon mintuna 15-18.
- taurare. A cikin kwanaki uku, ana sanya tsaba da aka nannade a cikin wani zane da aka jika da ruwa a cikin firiji na tsawon sa’o’i 16, kuma sauran lokacin (8 hours) ana ajiye su a cikin dakin dumi.
- Ana jiƙa a cikin ruwan dumi na rana, a zazzabi na +25 ° C.
- Germination. Ana adana tsaba a cikin dumi a cikin rigar da aka dasa har sai tsiro ya bayyana.
Shin kun sani? Yin amfani da zucchini akai-akai a cikin abinci yana hana bayyanar gashi. Wannan shi ne saboda antioxidants da suke dauke da su. Don iyakar adana kayan amfani masu amfani, wannan kayan lambu ya kamata a dafa shi a cikin microwave.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa don dasa shuki
Ana iya siyan ƙasa don shuka seedlings a kantin kayan lambu, ko zaku iya dafa shi da kanku. Abubuwan da ke gaba sun dace sosai – sassa 6 na peat, sassa 2 na humus, 2 sassa na turf da 1 part na ruɓaɓɓen sawdust (itace).
Ana iya lalata ƙasa na gida ta hanyar ƙididdige shi a cikin tanda, bayan haka cakuda ƙasa yana wadatar da kayan abinci – don lita 10 na cakuda, yakamata ku ɗauki 5 g na ammonium nitrate, 10 g na superphosphate da 7-10 g na potassium sulfate. .
Fasaha na dasa zucchini don seedlings
Dole ne a shuka kayan iri, tare da lura da fasaha mai zuwa:
- Cika akwati tare da cakuda ƙasa da aka shirya da kuma ban ruwa da ruwan dumi.
- Ana zurfafa tsaba a cikin ƙasa ta 2-3 cm. Ana sanya tsaba 2 a cikin kowane akwati, sannan an cire tsiron mai rauni. Idan an dasa tsaba germinated, to, ɗaya kawai a lokaci guda kuma tare da tsarin ƙasa.
- Sake moisturize da saukowa.
- Sannan ana sanya kwandon saukarwa a wurin da zafin jiki ya kasance + 18… + 22 ° C.
Shin kun sani? Zucchini ya ƙunshi ƙananan adadin kuzari – 16-24 kcal / 100 g. Bugu da kari, amfaninsa kusan baya haifar da bayyanar rashin lafiyan. Wannan yana ba ku damar amfani da kayan lambu a cikin abincin abinci da na jarirai.
Sprouts suna bayyana a cikin mako guda, bayan haka an canza kwantena zuwa wuri mai haske tare da zazzabi na + 16 … + 18 ° C. Bayan kwanaki 3-4, ana canza tsarin zafin jiki zuwa + 20 … + 28 ° C a rana kuma kusan + 18 ° C da dare. Idan ya cancanta, kuna buƙatar kula da ƙarin haske.
Features na seedling kula
Zucchini ya kamata a kula da shi da kyau.
Watering da saman sutura
Ana yin moisturizing yayin da ƙasa ke bushewa, ta yin amfani da tsayayyen ruwa a zafin jiki. Kada ka yarda coma na ƙasa ya bushe ko shayar da tsire-tsire. Amma game da ciyar da amfanin gona na kayan lambu, ana yin hadi na farko 7-10 kwanaki bayan germination.
Don wannan dalili, yi amfani da:
- bayani na taki ko taki kaza, a cikin adadin 1 zuwa 10. Don kwafin 1 – 50 ml na kayan ado na sama;
- urea, a wani taro na 1 tbsp. l don lita 2 na ruwa. Don shayar da shuka ɗaya, 220 ml ya isa;
- sinadaran shiri “Buton” (3 g da 1.5 l na ruwa). Don daya tsiro – 1/2 kofin.
Kwanaki 10 bayan ciyarwar farko, ana sake haifuwa. Don yin wannan, ɗauki lita 10 na maganin taki kuma saka 20 g na superphosphate, 10 g na ammonium nitrate da 15 g na potassium sulfate a ciki. Kuna iya amfani da abun da ke ciki daban-daban – 3 tsp nitrophoska da lita 3 na ruwa.
Don babban sutura, 220-250 ml a kowace kwafin 1 ya isa. Ya fi dacewa don amfani da takin mai magani da aka shirya – Agricola, Mortar, FlorHumate, Hera. Bayan kwanaki 25-30, lokacin da 2-3 ganye na gaskiya suka bayyana, kayan seedling suna shirye don dasa shuki. Kafin dasa shuki a kan gadaje, yakamata a taurare tsire-tsire ta hanyar fitar da kwalaye tare da seedlings akan baranda ko filin buɗe ido.
Yadda za a dasa seedlings a cikin bude ƙasa?
Don dasa zucchini, ya kamata ku zaɓi filin da ya dace kuma ku shirya shi, sannan ku dasa tsire-tsire matasa bisa ga tsarin da aka ba da shawarar.
Muhimmanci! Zucchini baya girma da kyau akan jika, peaty da ƙasa yumbu. Bai kamata ku shuka wannan shukar shuka kusa da kabewa ba, saboda yawan pollination zai cutar da amfanin kayan lambu biyu.
Zaɓi wurin saukarwa
Don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, zaɓi wurin da ke haskakawa da hasken rana da kuma kariya daga gusts na iska. Ya dace da dasa shuki inda ganye, legumes, dankali, kabeji, albasa ko tafarnuwa suka girma a kakar da ta gabata.
Kada ku dasa tsire-tsire a yankin da cucumbers, squash, pumpkins suka girma a baya. Ana shuka amfanin gona na kayan lambu a kan wannan fili kawai bayan shekaru 3-4. Zucchini yana son ƙasa mai laushi mai haske da ƙasa baki. Wajibi ne a ware wuraren da ruwan karkashin kasa ya zo kusa da saman tudu.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
An shirya ƙasar “don zucchini” a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba. Ana yin tono tare da ƙari (a kowace 1 m²) na taki ko humus – guga ɗaya, 30 g na superphosphate da 20 g na gishiri potassium. Matsakaicin acidity na ƙasa don zucchini yana cikin kewayon 5,5-6,5 pH. Ƙasar acidic tana buƙatar limed.
Sake wurin da aka shirya sosai a cikin bazara. Idan ba a ƙara abubuwan gina jiki a cikin fall ba, to ana aiwatar da wannan tsari a cikin bazara. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar ƙara kilogiram 15 na takin, 50 g na superphosphate da ash ɗan itace a kowace murabba’in mita. Idan ƙasa tana da yashi, to ya kamata a aiwatar da hadi tare da abun ciki na magnesium.
Dasa shuki
Zucchini yayi girma sosai a girman, saboda haka ana bada shawara don kula da rata na 1-1.5 m tsakanin layuka, da 0,7-1 m tsakanin ramuka. Ana iya dasa tsire-tsire masu nau’in Bush bisa ga makirci: 0,7 × 0,7 m.
Seedlings ya kamata a dasa a cikin ramukan da safe ko a kan gajimare kwanaki. Ana yayyafa shuka da ƙasa zuwa ga ganyen cotyledon kuma ana shayar da shi sosai. Kashegari bayan dasa shuki, yana da kyau a sassauta ƙasa a kusa da tsire-tsire. Tare da barazanar sanyi na dare, tsire-tsire suna rufe da agrofibre da dare.
Kula da courgettes
Bayan dasa shuki seedlings a wuri na dindindin, ya kamata ku fara kula da shayarwa. Ana aiwatar da humidification sau 1 a cikin kwanaki 10. A matsakaici, ana amfani da lita 10 na ruwa a kowace murabba’in mita na shuka. Ruwan don ban ruwa ya kamata ya zama kamar zafin daki. Yanayin ban ruwa ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. A cikin yanayin zafi da bushe, ana shayar da su kowane kwanaki 2-3, kuma a lokacin damina ba sa moisturize.
Muhimmanci! Ya kamata a gudanar da shayarwa a ƙarƙashin tushen, tun da saukad da danshi a kan ganye na iya haifar da ƙonewar farantin ganye.
Bayan daskarewa, sassauta ƙasa kuma cire ciyawa. Sau biyu a kakar, bayan shayarwa, ya kamata a ciyar da zucchini – a lokacin furanni da kuma samar da ‘ya’yan itace. Takin gargajiya sun dace da kayan ado na sama – jiko na taki ko taki kaji.
Kuna iya amfani da hadaddun takin mai magani, kamar Azofoska, Nitrofoska ko Carbomid.
Don manyan tufafi, zaku iya siyan takin gargajiya da aka shirya a kowane kantin kayan lambu. Yawancin nau’ikan suna buƙatar pollination.
Don jawo hankalin kwari, za ku iya ciyar da safe kuna fesa ruwa tare da ƙara zuma. A lokacin ruwan sama, lokacin da babu kwari, ana yin pollination da hannu. Don yin wannan, yanke furen namiji da pollinate mace buds.
Zucchini na iya shafar cututtuka irin su fari da launin toka rot, powdery mildew, fusarium wilt. Don magance cututtuka, dole ne a gudanar da jiyya tare da ruwa na Bordeaux ko blue vitriol, fitar da tsire-tsire da kuma hana ruwa maras kyau a kan shafin, lura da juyawa amfanin gona.
Daga kwari irin su aphids, mites gizo-gizo, whiteflies, shirye-shiryen kwari irin su “Commander” ana amfani da su. Fesa tare da jiko na tafarnuwa, albasa da maganin sabulu-taba yana taimakawa sosai.
Girbi da adana amfanin gona
Wajibi ne don tattara zucchini dangane da iri-iri da lokacin shuka. Don ajiya mai tsayi, zaɓi nau’in wannan kayan lambu wanda ya cika daga baya. Girbi ‘ya’yan itatuwa yayin da suke girma. A matsayinka na mai mulki, suna shirye don girbi 3-4 makonni bayan flowering.
Muhimmanci! Kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa ‘ya’yan itatuwa ba su girma ba. Don yin wannan, ana tattara su kowane kwanaki 2-3.
Kuna iya ɗaukar wannan kayan lambu don ajiya lokacin da bawon ya yi wuya a taɓa shi, kuma idan kun taɓa shi da sauƙi, za ku ji sautin murɗaɗi. A cikin ginshiki mai sanyi ko cellar, ana iya adana ‘ya’yan itatuwa har zuwa watanni 5. Matasa zucchini yana da daɗi, amma ba a adana shi na dogon lokaci ba. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari na madara ana adana su a cikin sashin kayan lambu na firiji a zazzabi na kusan + 2 ° C na ƙasa da kwanaki 14. Sannan suka fara lalacewa.
Zucchini na dogon ajiya dole ne a warware shi, yana ƙin samfuran da suka lalace. Sannan ana sanya kayan lambun da aka zaɓa a cikin kwalaye a rufe su da bambaro ko bambaro don kada su taɓa juna. Ana iya rataye ‘ya’yan itace a cikin raga, daban.
Zucchini za a iya daskarewa. A wannan yanayin, ana iya adana su har zuwa girbi na gaba. Wannan kayan lambu yana da kyau don sarrafawa. Yana da kyau, sananne, zucchini caviar, ana iya ɗaukar su, gishiri, da kuma dafaffen jam ko ‘ya’yan itacen candied.
Lokacin girma zucchini a cikin seedlings, kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau’in da ya fi dacewa don wannan, tsara duk abin da kuke buƙata don shuka da shuka iri a cikin …
