Zucchini kayan lambu ne mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi wanda baya buƙatar kulawa da yawa daga masu lambu. Idan bushes sun fara bushewa, yana nufin cewa an yi manyan kurakurai a fasahar aikin gona. Idan ka kawar da dalilin bushewa a cikin lokaci, zaka iya ajiye yawancin amfanin gona.
Me yasa zucchini ya bushe?
Idan busassun busassun rawaya sun bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, ko kuma sun juya gaba ɗaya rawaya kuma sun bushe, akwai damar adana shuka da girbi ba tare da asara mai yawa ba. Duk ya dogara ne akan dalilin da ya haifar da yanayin pathological da kuma yadda za a dauki matakan da suka dace da sauri.
Ƙananan yanayin zafi
Zucchini kawai a cikin bayyanar yana da wuyar gaske da rashin fahimta. A gaskiya ma, suna da matukar damuwa ga sauyin yanayi. Zucchini yana da manyan ganye maras kyau waɗanda ke kula da nau’ikan tasirin daban-daban, gami da na zafin jiki.
Mummunan halayen bushes – bushewar ganye, yana faruwa lokacin da:
- sau da yawa yawan zafin jiki canje-canje – suna shayewa da raunana shuke-shuke;
- sanyaya.
Yadda ake fada:
- kada ku yi sauri tare da shuka da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe – yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye sharuɗɗan dasa shuki;
- rufe gadaje da dare tare da agrofiber ko fim.
Girman shuka
Yawancin lambu marasa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun uXNUMXbuXNUMXbthe mãkirci, shuka zucchini da yawa. Ana lura da irin wannan yanayin tare da wuce gona da iri na tsire-tsire – masu lambu suna jin tausayin jefar da shi, kuma sun fara shuka tsire-tsire da yawa.
A sakamakon thickening, zucchini bushes fara bushewa. Da farko, ƙananan ganye suna shan wahala – suna samun mafi ƙarancin hasken rana. Bushewa shine farkon matsalolin, thickening yana haifar da cututtuka, raguwa a cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa, ɓacin ‘ya’yan itace da sauran matsaloli.
Yadda ake guje wa cunkoson jama’a a gadaje na squash:
- lura da tsarin shuka, tsakanin bushes 70 cm, tsakanin layuka – daga 80 zuwa 150 cm, dangane da iri-iri;
- idan ya cancanta, bakin ciki fitar da shuka, ba tare da nadama cire wuce haddi shuke-shuke.
Rashin Gina Jiki
Ana yawan ganin bushewar ganye da bushes saboda ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki. Idan rashin ma’adanai ya zama mai mahimmanci, tsire-tsire na baya a cikin ci gaba kuma bazai samar da amfanin gona ba.
Yadda ake magance ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki:
- Idan launin rawaya ya yadu a ko’ina a kan ganyen, mai yiwuwa bushes suna da ƙarancin nitrogen. Don ramawa ga ƙarancin wannan kashi, aikace-aikacen ma’adinai ko takin gargajiya yana taimakawa.
Zaka iya, alal misali, zuba bushes tare da taki kaza, diluted a cikin ruwan dumi 1:20. A ƙarƙashin shuka ɗaya zuba 1 lita na saman miya. Maimakon zuriyar dabbobi, mullein ya dace, an diluted cikin ruwa 1:10. - Yellowing da bushewa na ƙananan ganye yana nuna rashin dukkanin manyan abubuwa – potassium, magnesium, phosphorus da nitrogen. Ana ba da shawarar ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da hadadden taki – Agricola ko Diammofoska.
- Idan manyan ganyen bushes sun juya rawaya da bushe, wataƙila suna buƙatar baƙin ƙarfe, boron, manganese. Shirye-shirye Antichlorosis da Ferovit suna taimakawa wajen cika ƙarancin ƙarfe. Za a iya samun sauran abubuwan da suka rage daga hadaddun takin da ke sama.
Don hana zucchini bushewa, ana bada shawarar ciyar da su yayin fure tare da jiko na nettle da ash. Don shirya taki, narke 10 kofuna na itace ash a cikin lita 2 na ruwa da kuma haɗuwa da sakamakon da aka samu tare da jiko nettle.
Ruwan da ba daidai ba
Zucchini yana tsotse danshi da sauri, amma kar a yarda da ruwa mara nauyi. Rashin ruwa, da kuma rashin danshi, yana haifar da bushewar ganye – wannan shine amsawa ga cin zarafi na tsarin ban ruwa.
Yadda ake shayar da zucchini daidai:
- Ana amfani da ruwa don ban ruwa kawai dumi (+15 … + 20˚C), daidaita. Ana tattara shi a cikin manyan kwantena waɗanda ake dumama ruwan a cikin rana.
- Watering ya zama na yau da kullun. Amma la’akari da yanayin halin yanzu, yawan hazo da danshi na ƙasa. Idan zucchini ya girma a cikin bude ƙasa, ana shayar da ruwa da zaran ɓawon burodi ya fito a saman duniya.
- Ana yin shayarwa a ƙarƙashin tushen – kada ruwa ya fada a kan sassan da ke sama na shuke-shuke. Ba a ba da shawarar shayar da gadaje daga kwandon ruwa ba – mai yiwuwa fesa zai fada a kan ganyen shuke-shuke. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine drip ban ruwa, wanda ke ba ka damar rarraba danshi daidai da kuma hana ruwa shiga cikin sassan kore na shuke-shuke.
- Zai fi kyau a shayar da zucchini da yamma ko da safe – lokacin da babu rana. Wannan zai kare ganye daga konewa – idan ba zato ba tsammani, ruwan har yanzu yana kan ganyen shuke-shuke.
- Matsakaicin adadin ruwa da 1 sq. m – 10 l. Yakan tashi kadan a matakin saitin ‘ya’yan itace kuma yana raguwa lokacin da suka girma.
- Lokacin girma zucchini a cikin greenhouses, ana aiwatar da shayarwa da yawa ƙasa akai-akai fiye da buɗe ƙasa. Wannan yana guje wa babban zafi, wanda zucchini baya jurewa da kyau.
- Ana bada shawara don canza ruwa tare da sassautawa. Ta hanyar sassauta ɓawon burodi da aka kafa bayan shayarwa, zurfin 3-4 cm, zaku iya rage ƙawancen ruwa.
Ƙasar da ba ta dace ba
Zucchini yana buƙatar matsakaiciyar ƙasa mai laushi da sako-sako da ƙasa tare da tsaka tsaki acidity. Ƙara yawan acidity yana daya daga cikin dalilan bayyanar launin rawaya da busassun ganye. Bushes a kan ƙasa acidified sun bushe, girma a hankali, fara rot.
Don rage acidity, kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, ana amfani da su ta 1 sq. m:
- itace ash – 300 g;
- humus – 3-4 kg;
- lemun tsami – 200 g.
Ana ɗaukar ƙasa acidic idan pH yana kusa da 5,5. Zucchini yana mayar da martani sosai ga babban acidity. Abubuwan da ba su da kyau suna faruwa jim kaɗan bayan dasa shuki. Tsire-tsire ba su iya daidaita abinci mai gina jiki akan ƙasa acidic, saboda wannan, ganye da mai tushe suna bushewa kuma sun bushe.
Downy Mildew
Yellowness da bushewar ganye galibi ana danganta su da cututtukan fungal. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne peronosporosis ko downy mildew. Yana bazuwa cikin sauri ta cikin gadaje, yana cutar da duk tsire-tsire. Kuna iya gane cutar ta ƙananan launin rawaya, m spots.
Abin da za a yi idan an gano alamun peronosporosis:
- cire duk cututtukan ganye tare da harbe;
- bushes da suka shafa sosai don cirewa da lalata;
- fesa tsire-tsire masu lafiya da ɗanɗano da abin ya shafa tare da ruwan Bordeaux ko magungunan kashe kwari masu dacewa – Abiga-Peak, Trichoderma Veride, Consento.
Babban dalilin saukar mildew shine tsayawar ruwa a cikin ƙasa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, cutar ta bayyana bayan ruwan sama mai tsawo. Yin takin nitrogen da potassium yana taimakawa wajen hana cutar. Don haɓaka rigakafi na zucchini, ana ƙara phosphorus, jan ƙarfe, da baƙin ƙarfe.
Ba za a iya amfani da ganye da bushes da peronosporosis ya shafa don takin – dole ne a cire su daga lambun kuma a ƙone su don halakar da ƙwayoyin cuta.
gizo-gizo mite
Wannan ƙananan kwarin ba zai wuce 0.5 mm tsayi ba. Mites suna tsotse ruwan ganyen, wanda hakan ya sa su zama rawaya kuma a ƙarshe su mutu. Kwari suna sauka a gefen ganyen, wanda a ƙarshe ya zama an rufe shi da sharuɗɗan cobwebs. Idan ba ku halakar da mites ba, shuka ya bushe ya mutu.
Yadda ake magance mites gizo-gizo:
- Maganin Albasa. Ana wuce kwararan fitila ta cikin injin nama. Gilashi ɗaya na sakamakon gruel albasa yana diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Ƙara 1 tbsp. l. barkono barkono, 3 tbsp. l. itace ash da 1 tbsp. l maganin sabulu. Sakamakon cakuda yana fesa tare da bushes – sau 2 a tsaka-tsakin mako 1.
- Sinadaran. Don magance ticks, ana amfani da hanyoyi na musamman – insectoacaricides. Actellik, Fitoferm da analogues sun dace.
- makiya na halitta. Mites masu farauta – amblyseius da phytoseiulus suna bazuwa a kan gadaje. Ana sayar da su a cikin shagunan aikin lambu.
Idan raunuka sun yi ƙanana, shafa ganyen zucchini da ruwan sabulu. An shirya shi daga mashaya na sabulun wanki na grated wanda aka diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa.
anthracnose
Wannan cuta yana da yanayin fungal kuma sau da yawa yana shafar gourds, ciki har da zucchini. Cutar na iya mamaye amfanin gona a kowane lokaci a lokacin girma. Yana tare da bayyanar spots a kan ganye, wanda ke girma a kan lokaci. Bushes da abin ya shafa suna kama da konewa.
Anthracnose sau da yawa yana rinjayar squash da ake girma a cikin greenhouses. Idan cutar ta kai ga ‘ya’yan itatuwa, suna saurin rubewa.
Yadda za a magance anthracnose:
- a hankali ware na seedlings – Ya kamata a ƙi shuka da ake tuhuma;
- fesa tare da colloidal sulfur – 100 g an diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa;
- Maganin cakuda Bordeaux – 100 g na lemun tsami da 100 g na jan karfe sulfate an diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa.
A cikin greenhouses, ana bada shawara don aiwatar da tsaftacewa na yau da kullum. Don wannan dalili, ana amfani da bleach – tsarma 200 g na samfurin a cikin lita 10 na ruwa.
Fusarium so
Wannan cuta mai haɗari yana haifar da fungi na ƙasa, don haka lalacewa daga tushen ya fara. A cikin tsire-tsire, tasoshin da ruwa da abinci ke motsawa ta hanyar suna da tasiri. Saboda wannan, ganyen suna juya rawaya, bushe da murƙushewa. A cikin ‘yan kwanaki, dukan shuka ya bushe kuma ya mutu.
Tare da Fusarium, manyan ganye suna fara shafa, ta wannan alamar cutar za a iya bambanta daga sauran pathologies. Tushen da ke kusa da tushen ya zama launin ruwan kasa, an rufe shi da fure mai ruwan hoda-orange da rot.
Yadda ake fada:
- Nan da nan ana ciro daji mai fama da cutar a lalata shi don hana yaduwar cutar;
- ana kula da kayan iri;
- kura bushes da ƙasa tare da itace ash;
- bayan girbi, ƙasa ta warke – ana amfani da takin gargajiya da ma’adinai, an lalatar da duk ciyayi, kuma ana amfani da shirye-shirye masu dauke da calcium.
kokwamba mosaic
Kwayar cuta ce ke haifar da mosaic, kuma tana shafar duk gourds. Cutar tana tare da bayyanar launin rawaya da fari waɗanda suke kama da tsarin mosaic. Kwayar cutar tana rage haɓakar tsire-tsire, yana haifar da karkatarwa da bushewar ganye. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari a kan irin waɗannan bushes ba sa girma.
Cutar ba ta da magani. Babu magunguna ko magungunan jama’a da zasu iya warkar da tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa. Iyakar abin da masu lambu za su iya yi shi ne hana ci gaban cutar ta kowace hanya mai yiwuwa.
Yadda ake fada:
- lalata tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa;
- miya iri a cikin duhu ruwan hoda bayani na potassium permanganate;
- disinfection na kayan aikin lambu;
- cire ragowar shuka;
- yaki ciyawa;
- halakar da masu dauke da kwayar cutar – tururuwa, aphids, Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro;
- maganin rigakafi tare da maganin kwari – shirye-shirye akan kwari.
aphid
Wadannan ƙananan kwari suna tsotse ruwan ‘ya’yan itace daga sassan tsiro na iska, yana sa su raunana kuma su mutu. Suna zaune a cikin yankuna a gefen baya na ganye, wanda ya zama m, curl, bushe kuma ya mutu. Aphids ba kawai raunana tsire-tsire ba, amma har ma yana cutar da su da haɗari, wani lokacin cututtuka marasa magani.
Yadda ake fada:
- fesa tare da Fitoverm, Karbofos, Aktara da analogues – tare da raunuka masu tsanani;
- aiki tare da maganin sabulu-ash – an shirya shi daga 100 g na sabulun wanki da aka bushe da gilashi biyu na ash;
- fesa tare da jiko na taba – 10 g na sabulu da 50 g na taba ana diluted a cikin lita 1 na ruwan zafi, kuma an ba da shi don 3-4 hours;
- dasa shuki tare da gadaje na tsire-tsire masu wari – Mint, Fennel, calendula, coriander, mustard, marigolds;
- tsaftace kayan shuka daga gonar;
- kiyaye jujjuya amfanin gona;
- wanke kwari da rafi na ruwa;
- jeri na manne tarko.
Yadda za a hana kayan lambu bushewa?
Don hana bushewar zucchini, masu lambu suna amfani da matakan kariya masu sauƙi.
Yadda za a hana bushewar zucchini – ganye da bushes:
- Zaɓi nau’ikan masu juriya. Ana ba da shawarar shuka zucchini mai ƙarfi tare da rigakafi mai ƙarfi, mara kyau da ƙarfi. A cikin yankuna masu tsananin yanayi, ya kamata a dasa nau’ikan yanki kawai. Mafi tauri da unpretentious zucchini:
- Malysh shine farkon iri-iri tare da babban yawan aiki, yana girma sosai akan mahalarta masu haske;
- Tsukesha – farkon iri-iri, mara ma’ana da sanyi mai jurewa, mai girma;
- Starling – resistant zuwa sanyi da fari, da jigilar kaya;
- Beluga whale – resistant zuwa mummunan yanayi, ba ji tsoron powdery mildew da bacteriosis;
- Chaklun – yana da ingantaccen rigakafi, yana buƙatar fasahar noma.
- Ruwa akai-akai. Ruwa da zucchini la’akari da yanayin yanayi da danshi na ƙasa – ya kamata a dasa shi kusan 40 cm zurfi. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a lokacin furanni, samuwar ‘ya’yan itace da ‘ya’yan itace. Idan kayan lambu ya girma akan ƙasa mai yashi da yashi, shayarwa shine …
