Black kyau – zucchini zucchini mara fa’ida tare da kyakkyawan amfanin gona

Baƙar fata kyakkyawa yana samun kyakkyawan bita daga masu lambu, saboda yana haɗuwa da halayen mabukaci da yawa a lokaci ɗaya – farkon ripening, yawan amfanin ƙasa da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano. Ita kanta shuka ba ta da fa’ida kuma kawai tana buƙatar aiwatar da wasu matakan agrotechnical akan lokaci. Ana iya samun ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da bayanin iri-iri da ka’idojin noman sa a ƙasa.

Zucchini-zucchini Black kyau

Zucchini zucchini tsaba Black kyau

Zucchini daji Black kyau

Bayani iri-iri

An bred tare da haɗin gwiwar masu shayarwa SV Maksimov da NN Klimenko, kuma a cikin 2006 an haɗa shi a cikin Rijistar Jiha na nasarorin kiwo don noma a cikin yankuna kamar:

• Babban Gundumar Tarayya (CFD);
• Yankin Baƙar fata ta Tsakiya;
• Gundumar Tarayya ta Arewa maso Yamma (NWFD);
• Volga-Vyatsky gundumar.

A cikin yankuna biyu na farko, ya kamata a girma iri-iri a cikin yanayin ƙasa, kuma a cikin na ƙarshe – a cikin yanayin greenhouse.

Ana nuna halayen iri-iri a cikin tebur:

Bayanin Siga Lokacin Ripening iri-iri yana fara girma, wanda ke nufin cewa zai ba da ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu dacewa da girbi tuni kwanaki 45-55 bayan samuwar farkon harbe. Siffofin shuka Wannan zucchini na cikin nau’ikan daji ne na zucchini kuma a lokacin girma yana samar da ɗan ƙaramin daji mai ganye. Za mu yi la’akari da sassanta daban:

• Mai tushe. Doguwa da kauri tare da diamita har zuwa 15 mm kuma tsayin har zuwa 60-80 cm. Suna da ɗan ƙanƙara da launi mai wadata.
• Ganyayyaki. An kafa su akan dogayen petioles kuma suna tsakanin 5 zuwa 30 cm a diamita. An wargaje su da ƙarfi, suna da manyan jijiyoyi guda 5 masu siffa. A zahiri ba su bambanta da launi da mai tushe ba, duk da haka, an rufe su da tabo masu haske (za su iya mamaye 50% na saman farantin ganye). Farin tabo shine nau’in zucchini iri-iri, kuma ba alamar mildew powdery ba.
• Fure-fure. Kofuna suna da girma kuma an rufe su da furanni masu launin rawaya 5-7, har zuwa 10 cm a diamita. Shuka yana da monoecious – yana iya yin pollination kai tsaye. Yana faruwa ne da taimakon iska ko kwari (yawanci kudan zuma ko ƙwari). Furanni har zuwa dozin biyu na iya yin fure akan daji ɗaya. A matsakaita, kowane dakika daga cikinsu yana daure.
• ovaries. Har zuwa 4-5 ovaries na iya samuwa a lokaci guda akan kowace shuka.

Siffofin ‘ya’yan itace Game da Baƙar fata kyakkyawa, ya kamata ku san bayanan masu zuwa:

• tsari – elongated cylindrical tare da dan kadan ribbing a gindi;
• ma’auni – 3-7 cm a diamita da 17-22 cm tsayi;
• nauyi – daga 800 g zuwa 1,7 kg, amma a matsakaita shi ne game da 900 g;
• launi – Emerald ko duhu kore, kusan baki, wanda aka nuna a cikin sunan iri-iri;
• kwasfa – matsakaicin bakin ciki, mai sheki da santsi, tare da ƙananan ƙananan abubuwan da ba kasafai ba, ba tare da ratsi da sauran alamu ba;
• nama – quite m, amma sosai m, moderately m, tare da haske kore tint da fari tsaba na matsakaici size da elliptical siffar.

‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da inganci mai kyau da kuma jure sufuri a kan dogon nesa.

Girma Wannan zucchini yana da manufa ta duniya, don haka ana iya amfani da ‘ya’yan itacensa don dafa abinci, stewing, soya, pickling, gwangwani, da dai sauransu.

Matasa zucchini 10-15 cm a cikin girman suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano, don haka ana iya amfani da su sabo, ƙara zuwa salads kayan lambu a madadin cucumbers.

Haɓakawa tare da ingantaccen fasahar noma zai ba ku damar samun kilogiram 9-10 na ‘ya’yan itace daga daji ɗaya. Dangane da kowane yanki na yanki, lokacin da aka dasa bisa ga tsarin 60 × 60 cm, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana kusan kilogiram 20 a kowace murabba’in 1.

Idan tsarin saukowa shine 60 × 100 cm, to daga murabba’in 1. m na iya tattara har zuwa kilogiram 15 na ‘ya’yan itace. Lokacin fruiting yana ɗaukar akalla makonni 3. A duk wannan lokacin, zucchini yana riƙe da manyan halayen kasuwanci.

Juriya na cututtuka Baƙar fata kyakkyawa yana nuna babban juriya ga manyan cututtuka waɗanda ke da haɗari ga tsire-tsire na dangin Cucurbitaceae. Waɗannan sun haɗa da mildew powdery da anthracnose.

Agrotechnics

Za a iya dasa zucchini a cikin lambun kawai bayan an kafa yanayi mai dumi. A wannan lokacin, zafin rana ya kamata a kiyaye shi a +23 ° C, kuma da dare kada ya faɗi ƙasa da 19 ° C. Ya kamata ƙasa ta dumi zuwa +10 … + 15 ° C.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, an kafa irin wannan tsarin daga tsakiyar watan Mayu zuwa farkon Yuni. Idan an shirya kayan lambu don girma a ƙarƙashin fim, ana iya ciyar da kwanakin shuka gaba – har zuwa shekaru goma na biyu na Afrilu.

Don shimfiɗa lokacin girbi, ana iya yin shuka a cikin matakai 4-5 tare da tazara na kwanaki 5-6.

Hanyar noman kayan lambu ya dogara da yanayin yanayin:

1. A cikin yankuna masu dumi, ana iya shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa buɗe.
2. A cikin yankunan da ke da gajeren lokacin rani, yana da kyau a zabi hanyar seedling. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a shuka tsaba don seedlings a watan Fabrairu ko Maris. Bayan kwanaki 25-30, tsire-tsire za su sami ganye na gaskiya da yawa kuma zasu dace da dasa shuki a cikin mazaunin dindindin.

Zaɓin wurin da shirye-shiryen ƙasa

Baƙar fata kyakkyawa dole ne a noma a wuraren da aka kiyaye su daga iska da zayyana, waɗanda hasken rana ke haskakawa na sa’o’i 8-12. Magabatan da suka fi dacewa su ne:

• legumes (mafi kyau fiye da sauran amfanin gona, suna wadatar da ƙasa tare da mahadi na nitrogen da ake buƙata don zucchini);
• dankali;
• kabeji (fari, farin kabeji);
• baka;
• tafarnuwa.

Ba za ku iya shuka zucchini ba bayan cucumbers, squash da sauran amfanin gona na kabewa. Ana iya dawo da su zuwa asalinsu kawai bayan shekaru 3-4.

Lokacin zabar wurin da ya dace, yana da daraja la’akari da yanayin yanki mai kyau. Zai fi kyau a sanya wake, koren amfanin gona ko radishes kusa da gadon squash, yayin da suke hana ayyukan ciyawa. Kusa da su, zaku iya sanya nasturtiums, marigolds ko ganyaye masu wari (thyme, Basil) – dukkansu suna korar kwari masu yuwuwa kuma a lokaci guda suna jan hankalin kwari masu pollinating.

Ƙasa ya kamata ya zama haske da kuma m. Kyakkyawan zaɓi shine loams da chernozems tare da tsaka tsaki acidity. Idan ƙasar da ke wurin tana da nauyi kuma ta ƙunshi yumbu mai yawa, ya kamata a ƙara yashi a cikin ramukan dasa don inganta kayan aikin injiniya.

Dole ne a shirya yankin da aka zaɓa don dasa zucchini. Don waɗannan dalilai, tun daga faɗuwar rana, yakamata a ƙara kwayoyin halitta (taki, taki kaji ko humus) a ciki kuma a tona felu akan bayonet. A cikin yankuna masu sanyi, ana iya shuka zucchini akan takin takin ko gado mai dumi, wanda aka shirya a cikin jerin masu zuwa:

1. Saka kowane ragowar kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa:
   • Semi-rotted taki;
   • ganye da suka fadi;
   • bambaro;
   • sawdust;
   • saman (tumatir, kokwamba, gwoza);
   • sharar abinci.
2. Sauƙaƙa tatsin gadon kuma a rufe da wani Layer na ƙasa. Kafin shuka, tono shi, cire duk tarkacen shuka, matakin kuma tono ramuka.

A cikin irin wannan gado, zucchini mai son zafi zai yi girma da sauri kuma ya ba da ‘ya’ya, kullum yana karɓar zafi da carbon dioxide daga lalata kwayoyin halitta.

Za a iya shirya irin wannan “slide” a cikin bazara, amma hanya zai zama ɗan bambanta. Da farko, kuna buƙatar tono ƙananan ramuka a cikin ƙasa (game da bayoneti na shebur), sa’an nan kuma sanya dukkan kwayoyin halitta a cikinsu kuma ku yayyafa da ƙasa. A kan irin wannan gado, kana buƙatar tono ramuka a cikin abin da ke ƙara ɗan humus da ash na itace. Ya kamata a shayar da abun da ke ciki da kyau tare da ruwan zafi, sannan a dasa tsaba ko seedlings.

Tsarin iri kafin magani

Domin tsaba su iya girma da sauri kuma a lokaci guda, dole ne a yi musu magani kafin shuka. Ya ƙunshi aiwatar da magudi kamar haka:

1. Bincika duk tsaba a gani da kuma ta hanyar taɓawa, cire samfurori mara kyau (ba za su ba da hanyar shiga ba).
2. Domin kashe kwayoyin cuta, jiƙa tsaba na tsawon minti 20 a cikin ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate, sa’an nan kuma kurkura da ruwa mai tsabta.
3. Don saurin germination yayin rana, riƙe tsaba a cikin mai haɓaka haɓaka ko potassium / sodium humate (1 tsp a kowace lita 1 na ruwan dumi).
4. Domin tsaba suyi kyankyashe, kunsa su a cikin rigar datti kuma ajiye su a wuri mai dumi na kwanaki 2-3. A wannan lokacin, kuna buƙatar kula da abun ciki na danshi na masana’anta.

Tsaba tare da sprouts sun dace da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai dumi.

Hanyar girma mara iri

Ana shuka tsaba da aka shuka a cikin ƙasa mai ɗumi, ƙasa mai kwance, la’akari da shawarwari masu zuwa:

• Mafi kyawun tsarin shuka shine 60 × 60 cm, amma ana iya rage tazara tsakanin ramuka zuwa 35-40 cm idan akwai damuwa cewa ba duk tsaba zasu tsiro ba. Idan an dasa kayan lambu a cikin layuka da yawa, to ana iya kiyaye kusan 1 m a tsakanin su, in ba haka ba bushes masu ƙarfi ba za su sami isasshen sarari kyauta don cikakken ci gaba ba.
• Zurfafa tsaba ta hanyar 5-7 cm, amma idan akwai ƙasa mai nauyi, zurfin shuka mafi kyau shine 3-5 cm.
• Sanya tsaba 2-3 a kowane rami. Idan harbe da yawa sun bayyana a cikin mako guda, to kuna buƙatar barin mafi ƙarfi sprout, da kuma cire sauran (tsungi sama matakin ƙasa, kuma kada a cire, don kada ya lalata dukan tushen tsarin na shuka).

Bayan dasa shuki, ƙasa mai ɗanɗano ya kamata a yayyafa shi da humus ko takin don riƙe danshi a ciki da hana ci gaban ciyawa.

Dasa zucchini ta hanyar seedlings

Kimanin wata guda kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe, yakamata a shuka tsaba a cikin filastik daban-daban ko kofuna na peat 10-15 cm tsayi, tunda kayan lambu ba ya jure wa ɗaukar hoto. Seedlings ana girma a cikin wadannan jerin:

1. Cika kofuna 1/2 cike da abinci. Idan a nan gaba shuka ya shimfiɗa da yawa, to, godiya ga sararin samaniya da aka bari, za a iya karkatar da kullun a cikin tukunya a hankali kuma a yayyafa shi da ƙasa tare da ganyen cotyledon.
   Ana iya siyan kayan ƙasa da kanta a kantin kayan lambu ko shirya da hannuwanku ta hanyar haɗa ƙasa mai gina jiki tare da leaf humus. Yana da kyawawa a ƙara ɗimbin toka na itace, urea ko ammonium nitrate da sauran takin ma’adinai a ciki. Sakamakon cakuda dole ne a shafe shi ta hanyar zubar da maganin Fitosporin.
2. A cikin ƙasa mai danshi, rage ƙwaya 2 zuwa zurfin 3 cm kuma tabbatar da ƙyanƙyashe kashin baya. Idan a nan gaba duk tsaba za su tsiro, to sai kawai a bar tsiro mafi ƙarfi.
3. Cire tukwane tare da tsaba a cikin ɗaki mai dumi da haske har sai tsiron farko ya bayyana. A danka ƙasa aƙalla sau ɗaya a mako don hana ta bushewa.
4. Kwanaki 7-10 kafin dasa shuki, fara taurare seedlings, fitar da su cikin iska mai daɗi don sa’o’i 2-3 kowace rana. A hankali, wannan lokacin ya kamata a ƙara shi don a ƙarshen shuka yana ciyarwa duk rana a waje.

Ya kamata a dasa tsire-tsire masu ganye 2-3 a cikin lambun da sanyin safiya ko kuma a ranar da aka cika ruwa don rage damuwa shuka. Ana buƙatar shirya ramuka a nesa na 60-70 cm. Yana da kyau a kiyaye 80-90 cm tsakanin layuka.

Ana iya ƙara humus, takin, ash, ruɓaɓɓen sawdust ko peat a kowace rijiya a gwargwadon guga na cakuda abinci na kowace shuka. A cikin cakuda da aka samu, kuna buƙatar yin hutu, dasa tsire-tsire tare da clod na ƙasa, yayyafa da ƙasa a kan ganyen cotyledon, zuba ruwa mai dumi kuma a hankali tamp.

Idan akwai haɗarin dawowar sanyi, a cikin kwanakin farko ya kamata a adana dasa a ƙarƙashin fim kuma a watsa shi akai-akai. Idan an dasa tsire-tsire a cikin kwanaki masu zafi sosai, don kada tsire-tsire su ƙone a ƙarƙashin hasken wuta, ya kamata a rufe su da agrofiber ko babban kwalban filastik da aka yanke. Lokacin da shuka ya yi ƙarfi kuma ya fara girma sosai, dole ne a cire tsari.

Black beauty kula

Ya ƙunshi a cikin dace hali na da dama sauki magudi.

Ruwa

Zucchini yana buƙatar danshi mai yawa, saboda su kansu ruwa ne 90%. Duk da haka, watering bai kamata ya zama mai kishi ba don kada ya fallasa tushen tsarin shuka. Mafi kyawun tsarin ban ruwa shine kamar haka:

1. Kafin farkon lokacin flowering. Don hana samuwar ɓawon burodi a saman saman ƙasa, ya isa ya shayar da shuka sau ɗaya a mako a cikin adadin lita 1 na ruwa a kowane daji ko 5-5 lita a kowace sq m.
2. A lokacin flowering. Ƙara yawan yawan ruwa har zuwa sau 3-4 a mako, da kuma amfani da ruwa – har zuwa lita 8-9 a kowace 1 sq. m.
3. A lokacin lokacin ‘ya’yan itace (samuwar ‘ya’yan itace). Ruwa a kalla sau 2 a mako, ana zuba akalla lita 10 na ruwa a karkashin kowane daji.

A ranakun busassun, ya kamata a shayar da gadon squash sau ɗaya kowace rana 1.

Lokacin shayarwa, kuna buƙatar amfani da ruwan dumi kawai, saboda sanyi zai haifar da lalata ovaries da ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Kuna buƙatar…