Idan ya bayyana a fili cewa cucumbers na greenhouse ba su samun ci gaba mai kyau, dole ne a dauki matakan gaggawa kafin lamarin ya tashi. Domin zana shirin ceto, yana da mahimmanci a kafa dalilin mummunan abu.
Ba don komai ba ne cewa cucumbers ana la’akari da amfanin gona mai ban sha’awa, saboda yawancin kurakuran agrotechnical na iya haifar da rashin girbi da ake sa ran. Wadannan matsalolin suna haifar da gaskiyar cewa yawancin masu son gaba daya sun ƙi haifar da wannan al’ada. Koyaya, masu amfani da filayen masu zaman kansu suna fahimtar fasaha na girma cucumbers na greenhouse, suna samun mafi kyawun sakamako.
Rashin ƙarancin ƙasa abun da ke ciki
Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa na ƙasa sun bushe bayan lokaci, wanda ya zama babban dalilin da yasa cucumbers ba sa girma a cikin greenhouse. Babban abin da ake buƙatar yin shi don wannan shine tsarin sake cika abun da ke cikin ƙasa tare da ƙari na musamman. Ana aiwatar da cikakken sabuntawa na abun da ke cikin ƙasa kowace shekara 3. Don yin wannan, dole ne a cire saman saman zuwa zurfin kusan 25 cm, maye gurbin shi da sabon abun da ke ciki wanda aka wadatar da humus, yashi da peat.
Hakanan yana faruwa cewa bayan fure, ‘ya’yan itatuwa matasa sun sami nasarar kafa su, amma maimakon ci gaban da ake tsammanin, ba zato ba tsammani sun fara bushewa kuma sun faɗi. Wannan yana nuna cewa tsire-tsire suna buƙatar ciyarwa lokaci-lokaci, musamman ma idan kuna fuskantar ƙasa mara haihuwa. A wannan yanayin, ana yin suturar farko ta farko nan da nan a lokacin dasa shuki.
Don yin wannan, ana ƙara humus ko peat da aka diluted tare da ƙasa a cikin ramukan dasa.
Sharuɗɗan da ba su dace ba
Idan dasa shuki ya yi yawa, dole ne tsire-tsire su yi gasa, wanda ke rage yawan ci gaban su. A sakamakon haka, ba kawai girma a hankali ba, amma wani lokacin gaba daya bace. Rashin isassun iska ko ƙarancin haske na iya yin illa ga ƙididdigar yawan amfanin ƙasa. Wadannan dalilai an kawar da su ta hanyar tsarin da aka tsara, lokacin da aka kiyaye 20 cm tsakanin harbe, kuma an bar 60 cm don sararin samaniya.
Wani muhimmin yanayin don cikakken ci gaban al’adu shine kula da zafin jiki. Babban bambanci tsakanin yanayin iska na dare da rana ya kamata ya kasance +25 da +15 digiri, bi da bi. Idan zafin jiki ya faɗi ƙasa +15 digiri, tsire-tsire za su sha wahala daga jinkirin girma da ƙarancin samuwar ovary. Bugu da ƙari, ‘ya’yan itatuwa na iya ɗaukar siffar karkatacciyar hanya. Idan zafin jiki ya wuce iyakar + 30 digiri, tsarin hadi zai rushe, kuma ovaries zasu daina samuwa.
Karancin taki
Rashin taki na iya sa shukar ta mutu, kuma tsire-tsire da aka dasa su bushe kuma ba su girma. Idan wannan bai faru ba, kuma duk tsiron bayan dasawa ya sami karbuwa sosai, bai kamata ku daina ciyarwa don kada ci gaban ya daina ba. Wani lokaci har da samun nasarar karbe cucumbers daga baya ya mutu.
Ana ɗaukar tsarin ciyarwa mafi inganci a matsayin canjin lokaci na nau’ikan abubuwan da aka gabatar. Babban mahimmanci shine akan rabon nitrogen da phosphorus a cikin ƙasa.
Ya kamata ku san cewa wuce haddi na sinadarin nitrogen yana haifar da haɓaka aiki na saman, kuma shuka ba ta da ƙarfin yin cikakken ‘ya’yan itace. Ganyen suna zama kore mai haske a launi kuma sun bambanta da girmansu. Amma aikin samuwar ovaries yana raguwa sosai, yawancin furanni suna fure a banza.
Babban abun ciki na nitrogen yana tare da ƙarancin phosphorus, da potassium, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don shuka shuka da haɓaka ‘ya’yan itace. A kowane mataki na ci gaba, shuka yana buƙatar wani nau’i na kayan ado na sama, dangane da lokacin girma na yanzu.
Tushen
Don ciyar da tushen, ana amfani da busassun gauraye ko abubuwa masu ruwa. Dole ne a yi amfani da kayan aikin ma’adinai mai bushe a cikin ƙasa a lokacin lokacin aiki mai yawa – bayan sanyin hunturu ya tafi, da kuma lokacin dasa shuki, ƙara ƙaramin adadin zuwa kowane rami. Maganin ruwa sun fi tasiri don amfani da su yayin lokacin ci gaba mai aiki na shuka, saboda ikon yin sauri da sauri. Lokacin da ake amfani da kayan ado na sama, ya kamata ku dogara da umarnin da shawarwarin lambu a kan wani shiri na musamman.
Foliar
Tufafin saman foliar yana ba ku damar kula da mahimmancin shuka yayin lokutan canzawa zuwa lokaci na gaba na ci gaba. Ana samar da su a mataki na girma mai aiki, a lokacin flowering, da kuma a matakin ‘ya’yan itace. Wannan haɓakawa yana haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka da ikon samar da haɓakar ‘ya’yan itace. Ana aiwatar da ban ruwa a cikin amfani da 100 ml na abun da ke aiki a cikin 1 m2.
Gishiri mai gishiri, wanda a sakamakon haka zai iya daidaitawa a kan foliage, ya kamata a cire shi a hankali.
Maganin cututtuka
Cututtuka daban-daban da ke haifar da cututtukan fungi na iya haifar da matsaloli mai tsanani a cikin ci gaban cucumbers. Naman gwari yana rayuwa kuma yana tasowa a cikin ƙasa, daga inda ya kai hari ga shuka. Ci gaban kwayoyin fungal marasa kulawa yana haifar da lalata al’ada.
Cladosporiosis
Don hana tsire-tsire daga kamuwa da wannan cuta, ana ba da shawarar ɗaukar matakan hana yaduwar cutar. Don wannan dalili, yakamata a bi wasu shawarwari:
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tabbatar da tsarin iska mai iska na greenhouse;
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kar a bar ragowar shuka a kan gadaje;
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kar a yi amfani da ruwan sanyi don ban ruwa da fasaha na sprinkler.
Lokacin da alamun farko na cutar ya bayyana, wajibi ne a dakatar da shayarwa na tsawon kwanaki 5. A wannan lokacin, ana kula da tsire-tsire tare da cakuda 0,4% Bordeaux ko jan karfe oxychloride tare da abun ciki na XNUMX%.
Tushen rube
Don hana ci gaban tushen rot, dole ne a ƙirƙirar yanayi masu zuwa:
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kula da nisa da aka tsara tsakanin amfanin gona;
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a lokaci guda cire ragowar tsire-tsire daga ƙasa;
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kauce wa shayarwa da ruwan sanyi.
A farkon alamun bayyanar cutar, ya zama dole a dauki matakan da za su haifar da sababbin hanyoyin tushen tushen. Don wannan dalili, ƙasa mai laushi mai zurfin 5 cm an yayyafa shi akan kowace shuka. Wannan zai ba da damar cucumbers su sake yin tushe.
mučnistaâ ruwan hoda
Kuna iya hana ci gaban wannan cuta ta hanyar ɗaukar matakai masu zuwa:
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tattara ‘ya’yan itatuwa da ragowar shuka a kan lokaci;
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disinfect da greenhouse bayan girbi ta amfani da formalin bayani;
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kiyaye yanayin iska a cikin digiri 25;
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samar da ban ruwa tare da ruwan dumi;
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amfani da powdery mildew resistant hybrids.
A farkon alamun bayyanar cutar, ya zama dole a bi da tsire-tsire tare da maganin jan karfe oxychloride. Don shirye-shiryensa, ana amfani da 40 g na cakuda mai daɗaɗɗa a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da sulfur colloidal, ana kuma diluted 40 g a cikin lita 10 na ruwa.
Maganin Kwari
Daban-daban magungunan kashe kwari suna taimakawa tsara maganin kwari. Idan babu su, zaku iya amfani da al’adar yin amfani da magungunan jama’a.
Don wannan dalili, maganin sabulu, decoction na kwasfa albasa ko ganyen shayi daga kiban tafarnuwa na iya dacewa.
greenhouse whitefly
Ma’auni na farko na kariya daga wannan kwaro shine gidan sauro, wanda dole ne a sanya shi akan tagogi da ƙofa. Bugu da ƙari, wajibi ne don saka idanu da rashin ciyawa a cikin ƙasa.
Idan an ga kwarin, a yi amfani da tarko. Don wannan dalili, an zana wani yanki na plywood da farin fenti, kuma bayan bushewa, an lubricated da jelly na man fetur (zaka iya amfani da man castor). A matsayin ƙarin ma’aunin rigakafi, zaku iya wanke ganyen cucumbers lokaci-lokaci daga ƙasa, inda whitefly ke ƙoƙarin sanya masonry.
Melon Caviar
Irin wannan kwaro yana yaduwa musamman ta hanyar ciyawa. Wannan yana nufin cewa ma’aunin ceto na farko shine rashin su a cikin gadaje. Ana amfani da taba da barkono mai zafi ganyen shayi azaman wakili mai aiki don magance aphids. A wannan yanayin, ana haxa 200 g na taba tare da 30 g na yankakken barkono barkono, zuba da ruwan zafi mai zafi (10 l) kuma nace kwana ɗaya. Sannan ana iya amfani da wani hadin idan aka zuba ash kofuna 2 a cikin lita 10 na ruwan zafi mai zafi. Wannan abun da ke ciki kuma dole ne a nace har kwana guda.
Matakan rigakafi
Don kauce wa lalacewa ga tushen tsarin lokacin dasa shuki, zaka iya shuka tsaba a kan gadaje da aka riga aka shirya. Hakanan don tsire-tsire, ana amfani da jita-jita iri ɗaya sau da yawa, daga abin da aka dasa shuka tare da ƙasa.
Wajibi ne a tuna game da ƙarin ciyar da tsire-tsire a lokacin bayyanar ovaries, waɗanda suke da matukar bukatar abinci mai gina jiki. Ana ɗaukar ‘ya’yan itace da safe ko maraice. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari da ba a girbe su a lokaci ba za su yi girma kuma su hana ci gaba da sababbin siffofi.
Yawan ciyayi mai yawa kuma yana hana haɓakar ‘ya’yan itace ta hanyar karkatar da abinci mai gina jiki don kula da kansa. Ana cire karin ganye, wanda kuma yana rage girman duhu, wanda ke haifar da barazana ga matasa ovaries.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
