Wane irin ƙasa cucumbers suke so?

Cucumbers tsire-tsire ne waɗanda za a iya kiran su da buƙata akan ƙasa. Kuma ƙasar da aka shirya don kakar za ta kasance muhimmin ɓangare na nasara, idan an dauki karshen a matsayin yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma rashin manyan matsaloli a lokacin kakar. Akwai bukatu, akwai alamun acidity da sauran sigogi da yawa waɗanda ke shafar ci gaban cucumbers. Kuma akwai ƙayyadaddun ƙa’idodi don shirya ƙasa don dasa amfanin gona – duka a cikin greenhouse da kan titi.

Abubuwan buƙatu na asali

Kokwamba, duk da fa’idarsa, yana da tsarin tushen rauni, kawai ba zai jure ƙasa mai nauyi ba. Amma waɗanne ne yake so, yana da kyau a ambata daban. Kuma nan da nan fayyace cewa yawancin masu gidajen yanar gizon ba su ma san irin ƙasan da suke da shi ba.

Nau’in ƙasa (na asali):

• yumbu – mafi nauyi, da wuya a aiwatar, za a sami 50% na jimlar adadin yumbu;
• lami – yumbu a cikin su yana da ƙananan ƙananan, amma waɗannan ƙasa suna da nauyi da haske, duk ya dogara da yawan adadin yashi a cikin su;
• yashi lom – yumbu har zuwa 30%, amma yashi na iya zama ko da 90%;
• yashi – yumbu 10%, duk wani abu – yashi.

Ƙasa mai yashi mai yashi da yashi koyaushe shine kasancewar abubuwan injina a cikin yanayi daban-daban. Amma ƙasan yumbu da loams suna da tsari, ƙananan tsari kuma marasa tsari. Don haka, ƙasa mara kyau, mai riƙe da danshi ya fi dacewa da cucumbers, wanda ke nufin cewa yumbu da ƙasa yashi sun fi dacewa. Amma loams masu haske da matsakaici sun dace: suna da kyakkyawan numfashi, ƙarfin danshi, mai kyau aeration, wanda shine kawai “a hannun” don tsarin tushen kokwamba.

Dangane da danshi na ƙasa, mafi kyawun aikin wannan alamar shine 75-85%. Don ci gaba da sarrafa shi, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar dintsi na ƙasa daga Layer a tushen, ku matse shi sosai a hannunku. Lokacin da ruwa ya fito, za ku iya tabbatar da cewa zafi ba kasa da 80% ba, idan akwai alamun yatsa a kan dunƙule – 70%, idan dunƙule kawai ya rushe – 60%.

Zaɓi nau’in ƙasa

A wannan lokaci, Ina so in faɗi yadda za a ƙayyade nau’in ƙasa a kan shafin, da kuma yadda za a fahimci cewa an samo mafi kyaun.

• Kuna buƙatar ɗaukar ɗan hannu kaɗan na ƙasa, a jika shi har sai an samu taro mai kama da kullu, sannan a mirgine igiyar da kauri 0.5 cm, a mirgine shi cikin zobe.
• Tare da ƙasa mai yashi, igiyar ba ta karkata kawai. Tare da yashi mai yashi, zai juya, amma da sauri ya fadi, kusan nan take.
• Idan igiyar ta kasance amma tana karyewa cikin sauƙi. Don haka ƙasa tana da haske loam. Amma a kan loams masu nauyi, lokacin karkatarwa, fasa za su zama sananne.
• Don ƙasa mai yumbu zoben ba zai sami fasa ba, zai kiyaye siffarsa daidai.

Idan, bisa ga duk binciken, ya nuna cewa ƙasa a kan shafin ba shi da sako-sako, yana riƙe da danshi da kyau, to lallai kokwamba zai so shi.

Menene ya kamata ya zama acidity?

Dangane da acidity, al’adar tana buƙatar matakin pH na 6,2-6,8; ba shakka ba zai iya jurewa acidification ba. Ƙasar alkaline kuma ba za ta ba da girbi mai kyau ba. Kuma tsire-tsire suna buƙatar ƙasa mai zafi mai zafi, dumi. Saboda haka, ana iya dasa seedlings kawai bayan ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa +18 digiri. Da zaran zafin jiki ya faɗi da digiri 4-5 kuma yana ɗaukar kwanaki biyu, tushen shuka zai daina haɓakawa. Cucumbers na iya mutuwa.

Ƙasar acidic ita ce halayyar ƙananan wurare inda ruwa ya tsaya a cikin bazara. Acidity, ta hanyar, yana ƙaruwa bayan damina da yawa, lokacin da ake wanke magnesium da calcium daga ƙasa. Sa’an nan hydrogen ions mamaye a cikin ƙasa abun da ke ciki, kuma suna ƙara da acidity. Kuma don fahimtar cewa wannan shine ainihin lamarin, zaku iya kallon furen daji, horsetail, da zobo da ke girma a cikin ƙasa. Kuma idan kun haƙa ƙasa zuwa zurfin 15 cm, zaku iya ganin haske mai haske mai kama da ash a wurin.

Yadda ake tantance acidity na ƙasa tare da hujjar kimiyya:

• saya takarda litmus – a cikin kantin magani ko a cikin kantin kayan lambu;
• Haɗa maganin ƙasa mai ruwa-ruwa (ƙasa + ruwa mai narkewa) da nutsar da gwajin a can na zahiri 3 seconds;
• za a nuna nau’in acidity ta hanyar ma’anar launi na tsiri da ma’aunin ma’auni, wato, kawai zai zama dole don kwatanta sakamakon.

Idan kana buƙatar rage acidity na ƙasa, calcium carbonate zai taimaka. Ya ƙunshi farar ƙasa, ƙurar siminti, alli, dolomite, abincin kashi, toka na itace. Idan an aiwatar da tsarin acidity a karo na farko, yana da amfani fiye da dutsen ƙasa don ɗauka. An ƙara zuwa ƙasa mai yashi 400/100 g, zuwa ƙasa mai yashi – 600/150 g, zuwa loam – 800/350 g, zuwa alumina – 1100/500 g, da peat bogs – 1400/300 g.

Kuma tun da cucumbers suna da matukar damuwa ga liming, yana da kyau a rage yawan acidity na ƙasa ko da a ƙarƙashin magabata na kokwamba, da kyau, a cikin mafi munin yanayi, a cikin fall. Amma tabbas ba a cikin bazara ba, lokacin da ya riga ya yi lokacin aika seedlings zuwa ƙasa.

Shirye-shiryen ƙasa don dasa shuki

Shirye-shiryen borage a cikin greenhouse da kan titi ba shi da bambanci sosai, kawai a matakin shirye-shiryen akwai nuances.

A cikin greenhouse

Juyawa amfanin gona a cikin greenhouse labari ne da ba kasafai ba, saboda ba shi da sauƙin kiyayewa a cikin irin wannan yanayi. Sabili da haka, bayan an girbe amfanin gona, ya zama dole a fitar da kayan da aka lalata tare da taki mai lalacewa daga greenhouse (kuma zai ɓata a lokacin rani) kuma a rarraba shi inda gadaje zai kasance. Amma idan maye gurbin ƙasa bai dace ba, dole ne a kashe shi.

• Zuba ƙasa tare da ruwan zãfi, rufe fuskar borage don kwana ɗaya tare da fim. Sa’an nan kuma dole ne a tono ƙasa a harrow. Kuma za a sake yin wannan aikin da hannuwanku nan da kwanaki 3. Ana yin duk wannan a cikin bazara.
• Ana iya fesa biofungicides kai tsaye zuwa ƙasa – Fitocide, Fitosporin M, Pentafag, cakuda Bordeaux. Don haka ana noman ƙasa a lokacin bazara da kaka.
• Bleach kuma kayan aiki ne mai kyau wanda za’a iya ƙarawa akan adadin 200 g a kowace murabba’in 1, sannan a tono ƙasa.. Kuma kuna buƙatar yin wannan watanni shida kafin dasa shuki cucumbers.
• Hakanan zaka iya zubar da ƙasa tare da maganin formalin kashi biyu, sannan rufe saman gadon da fim na kwanaki 3.. An tona ƙasa, an haƙa. Makonni biyu kafin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar yin wannan, amma yana da kyau a shirya ƙasa ta wannan hanyar wata guda kafin dasa shuki.

A ƙarshen kakar wasa, dole ne a tattara duk ragowar shuka kuma a ƙone su. Kuma saman ciki na greenhouse ya kamata a wanke tare da wannan formalin. Kuma fumigating da greenhouse tare da sulfur kuma ba ya ciwo. Lokacin da daidai ya wajaba don maye gurbin dukan ƙarar ƙasa a cikin greenhouse: idan an yi amfani da wannan ƙasa a cikin greenhouse shekaru da yawa, babu abin da ya canza, kuma canji a cikin murfin ƙasa ya riga ya zama makawa. Idan tsire-tsire ba su da lafiya a kakar wasa ta ƙarshe, kuma girbi a fili ya gaza, kawai takin ƙasa ba zai ƙara taimakawa ba.. Idan an yi amfani da takin mai magani, amma ci gaban tsire-tsire har yanzu haka, kuna buƙatar canza ƙasa. Kuma, ba shakka, an maye gurbinsa idan ƙasa ba ta fitar da wari mafi dadi ba.

A wannan yanayin, an cire tsohuwar ƙasa ta 30 cm, kuma ana yin wannan tare da kewayen dukkan greenhouse. Sannan ana kula da ƙasa da jan ƙarfe sulfate (ana iya maye gurbinsa da bleach). Sa’an nan kuma an shimfiɗa ƙasa mai laushi, da takin, ana amfani da takin da ya dace.

Kuma kada ku daina yin noman koren taki, wanda ke taimakawa ƙasa ta kasance cikin koshin lafiya da daidaita tsawon lokaci.

A cikin bude ƙasa

Da farko, kada mu manta game da juyawa amfanin gona. Cucumbers za su yi girma da kyau bayan legumes, waɗanda kawai ba makawa ba ne don wadatar da ƙasa da nitrogen.. Af, ciyawar wake da wake ba sa buƙatar jefar da su bayan ƙarshen kakar wasa, ana iya murkushe su kuma a haƙa su tare da ƙasa, wannan kuma kyakkyawan tushen nitrogen ne. Cucumbers suna girma kamar bayan albasa da tafarnuwa – suna da haɗari ga kwari, saboda suna da kaddarorin ƙwayoyin cuta. Inda karas, dankali, beets suka girma, cucumbers kuma ya kamata ya zama dadi. An haƙa ƙasa a cikin faɗuwa, zurfin zurfin yana kan bayoneti na felu, ba tare da karya lumps ba. A cikin bazara, yana da ma’ana don tono ƙasa sau ɗaya, sannan a sassauta shi da rake, shirya ridges. Lokacin dasa shuki, ana shigar da taki mai ruɓe a cikin ƙasa.

Me ake bukata taki:

• 1 guga na takin;
• 15 g na ammonium nitrate;
• 20-25 g na potassium sulfate;
• 40-45 g superphosphate.

A cikin kaka, shirye-shiryen yakamata ya zama ƙasa sosai fiye da bazara, idan ba ƙari ba. Alal misali, wasu lambu suna manta game da irin wannan hanya kamar mulching. Ana yin ciyawa daga sawdust, ganye, bambaro, ciyawa, husks sunflower. Ana ɗaukar ganyen Birch musamman da amfani ga borage. Kowane ciyawa dole ne a rufe shi da ƙasa. Wani ɓangare na kwayoyin halitta – wanda ake iya gani – zai bazu kafin bazara. Mulching yana da mahimmanci musamman idan ƙasa tana da tsari, to, tushen tsire-tsire cikin sauƙin girma cikin ciyawa. Amma ko da ƙasa da aka noma sosai a cikin kaka tabbas za ta sassauta da kyau a cikin bazara. Humus yawanci ana warwatse a wurin, an tona ƙasa, kuma, a kan bayonet na felu. Kuma yana da mahimmanci tun kafin shuka don tabbatar da cewa babu ciyawa a cikin ƙasa. Kuma idan akwai, dole ne a cire su.

Amma ko da bayan shuka, ƙasar da ke ƙarƙashin borage ita ma tana buƙatar kulawa. Misali, yi ƙoƙari sosai don kula da ingantaccen ruwa. Cucumbers suna son ruwa, amma suna da “tsatse” don bushewa. Kawai wajibi ne a shayar da ƙasa ko dai a farkon safiya, ko da maraice, da kuma ruwan dumi na musamman. An yi imani da cewa wajibi ne a jika ƙasa ta akalla 16 cm. Ana yin hadi na zamani kamar yadda ake buƙata. In ba haka ba, yawan amfanin gona na cucumbers ya dogara da yarda da iri-iri tare da halayen yanki da kuma yadda abubuwa suke tare da kwari da cututtuka a kan shafin. Kuma, ba shakka, girbin kuma ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Amma duk da haka, akwai abubuwa da yawa a cikin ƙasa, a zahiri da kuma a zahiri, wanda dole ne mutum yayi ƙoƙari sosai don shirya shi.