Kokwamba na gida – subtropical da na wurare masu zafi Indiya. Don haɓaka yawan amfanin ku, zai zama da amfani don sanin komai game da yanayin greenhouse don cucumbers, musamman idan an girma ta kasuwanci.
Muhimmancin zafin jiki
Kayan lambu daban-daban suna da buƙatu daban-daban ba kawai don takamaiman alamun zafin jiki ba, har ma don tsananin kiyaye su. Misali, tumatir yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan, sabili da haka ƙarfin daidaitawarsa ya fi girma. Yanayin zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse don cucumbers shine mabuɗin mahimmanci a cikin noman su. Yana shafar ‘ya’yan itace kai tsaye.
Yanayin dare yana da mahimmanci kamar yanayin rana. Misali, tazarar yanayin zafi na dare don kokwamba shine +18 … +22 ° C. Idan kun tsaya ga mafi girman darajar a cikin wannan kewayon, shuka zai ƙara zuba ‘ya’yan itace sosai, amfanin gona zai dawo da sauri.
Idan kuna kula da ƙananan ƙimar, + 18 … + 19 ° C, bushes za su tura sojoji zuwa tushen da harbe – ta wannan hanyar, ana iya ƙara ‘ya’yan itace na makonni da yawa.
Ƙananan yanayin zafi yana da mutuwa ga cucumbers, kuma zafi mai zafi (a lokacin rana – sama da + 30 ° C, da dare – sama da + 24 ° C) yana fara tsarin tsufa: tsire-tsire ya ƙare da sauri.
Mafi kyawun aiki
Ana buƙatar zafin iska a lokuta daban-daban:
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germination na tsaba a cikin rufaffiyar kwantena – +25 … + 28 ° C;
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da kyar ya bayyana seedlings suna girma mafi kyau a + 20 … + 25 ° C;
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girma seedlings ya halatta a +20 … + 22 ° C;
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lokacin furanni – + 25 … + 28 ° C;
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girbi girbi – + 25 … + 30 ° C.
Ba lallai ba ne don daidaita yanayin zafi zuwa mafi kusa. Ya isa kusan bin waɗannan jeri. Yanayin zafi mai ban sha’awa ba shi da kyau ga tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu girma.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna: matsakaicin zafin jiki mai dadi ga al’ada shine + 20 … + 22 ° C.
Matsakaicin alamar, gami da dare, shine + 16 ° C. A lokacin samuwar ovaries, raguwa a ƙasa + 19 ° C ba a so – kokwamba zai daina ɗaure ‘ya’yan itatuwa na gaba.
Matsakaicin zafin jiki mai dadi don kokwamba shine + 30 … + 35 ° C. A + 35 ° C da sama, shuka zai daina samar da ovaries, kuma cucumbers na yanzu za su fara bushewa.
Matsakaicin iyaka don kokwamba shine + 10… + 15 ° C. Tsire-tsire ba sa daskarewa, amma daina girma. Kuma a + 10 ° C ci gaban tsayawar na iya zama wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba idan ya wuce kwanaki 3-5. Cikakken mutuwar tsire-tsire yana faruwa a +8 … +9 ° C na kwanaki biyu ko fiye. Faduwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa +5 ° C zai kashe tsire-tsire a cikin rana 1.
A cikin greenhouses marasa zafi a wasu yankuna na Tarayyar Rasha, irin wannan yanayin yana yiwuwa har ma a farkon lokacin rani. Binciken akai-akai zai taimaka hana mutuwar tsire-tsire. Idan ganye sun ɗan yi laushi, sagging da safe tare da “rags”, to, zafin dare ya yi ƙasa sosai.
Ƙasa don dasa shuki ya kamata kuma ya zama dumi – kimanin + 18 ° C, amma ba ƙasa da + 16 ° C ba. Matsakaicin mafi kyawun ƙasa don ƙasa shine + 35 ° C, a wannan zafin jiki tushen yana rage aikin su, ganyen ya fara bushewa.
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa, wanda ke da zafin jiki na + 24 … + 28 ° C. Waɗannan su ne mafi kyawun yanayi don tsire-tsire masu aminci. Matsakaicin ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali shine + 16 … + 18 ° C. Seedlings na iya fara bayyana a +14 … +15 ° C, amma germination zai kasance a hankali da rashin daidaituwa, kuma tsire-tsire masu zuwa za su kasance masu rauni da rashin amfani. Idan dole ne ku shuka a cikin yanayin sanyi, kuna buƙatar samar da aƙalla dumama ƙasa. Yanayin ƙasa ƙasa da +12ºC don tsaba zai zama mai lahani – kawai za su zama m sannan su rube.
Don ci gaban cucumbers, ana kiyaye zafin jiki na ƙasa a cikin jeri iri ɗaya. Ya kamata a dumi ƙasa zuwa akalla + 16 … + 18 ° C dare da rana.
Juriya na shuka zuwa iska mai sanyi ya dogara da zafin ƙasa. Idan ƙasa ba ta fi sanyi fiye da + 16 ° C ba, to, ƙaramin shuka zai iya jure ko da raguwar zafin rana zuwa +5 ° C ba tare da wani sakamako ba. A kan gadaje masu dumi, cucumbers wani lokacin ma suna jurewa digo zuwa +1 ° C na kwanaki biyu.
Kafin dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate, yana da mahimmanci don taurara tsire-tsire. Kwanaki 10 kafin ranar tashiwa, ana rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa + 16 … + 17 ° C. Rage shayarwa kwanaki 3 kafin dasa shuki. Tsire-tsire marasa ƙarfi na iya mutuwa idan yanayin ƙasa ya faɗi zuwa +15 ° C.
Tsire-tsire masu ‘ya’yan itace suna buƙatar yanayin ƙasa iri ɗaya, amma sun ɗan fi ƙarfi.
Ruwa don ban ruwa ya kamata ya zama dumi, kusan iri ɗaya da ƙasa.
Yaushe kuma yadda za a daidaita?
Lokaci mai mahimmanci yawanci yana faruwa a ƙarshen Mayu – farkon Yuni. Matasa tsire-tsire ba su da ƙarfi kuma suna mutuwa sau da yawa fiye da manya. A yawancin yankuna na Tarayyar Rasha, ƙarshen bazara shine lokacin dumi, yanayin kwanciyar hankali, wanda ke jarabtar masu lambu tare da bayyanar lokacin dasa shuki. Amma akwai yiwuwar yanayin sanyi na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Misali, a cikin Urals, zafin iska zai iya raguwa zuwa 10 ° C.
Suna tsara microclimate tare da taimakon transoms da kofofin, allon fim. Yayin da tsire-tsire ba a ɗaure su ba, ana iya rufe su da kayan da ba a saka ba.
Ana buƙatar buɗe ƙofofi da huluna da rufewa akan lokaci. Don haka ba za ku iya kare tsire-tsire kawai daga matsanancin yanayin zafi ba, amma har ma ku daidaita tsarin mulkin dare. Dole ne lokacin buɗewa da rufewa yayi la’akari da cewa tasirin zai jinkirta. A cikin marigayi bazara – farkon lokacin rani, windows ya kamata a rufe ba daga baya fiye da 3 na yamma, a tsakiyar lokacin rani, lokacin da yake zafi sosai, ba daga baya fiye da 6 na yamma ba. Ga masu lambu waɗanda ba su da lokaci don wannan aikin, akwai inji tare da na’urori masu auna zafin jiki. Farashin su ya bambanta tsakanin 900-3000 rubles.
Zai fi kyau a saka transoms a cikin jere mai ci gaba a bangarorin biyu na rufin, amma ana ɗaukar wannan ƙirar fiye da sama.
Don ƙara yawan zafin jiki, duk wata hanyar da ta haifar da Layer na iska mai rufi ya dace. Mafi sau da yawa, fim na yau da kullum ya isa.
Idan tsinkaya yayi alkawarin bala’in yanayi don cucumbers, zaku iya shirya karamin-greenhouse a cikin greenhouse daga firam mafi sauƙi da fim ɗin perforated.
Ana kiyaye ƙasa daga matsanancin zafin jiki da hypothermia tare da ciyawa. Bari mu bayyana mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓuka.
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Black fim tare da perforation da ramukan ga kokwamba seedlings. Abinda kawai mara kyau shine cewa a cikin rana mai haske irin wannan fim zai iya yin zafi sosai.
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Ana amfani da fim mai haske ba tare da ramuka ba don germination iri. Yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar karamin-greenhouse – seedlings zasu bayyana a cikin ‘yan kwanaki. Sannan a canza shi zuwa duhu. Fim ɗin mai haske yana riƙe har zuwa 4 ° C a rana kuma har zuwa 8 ° C da dare.
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Peat, finely yankakken bambaro, hay, ciyawa, sawdust, allura. Ana amfani da duk waɗannan kayan ne kawai idan an dasa tsire-tsire masu girma. Hanyar lokaci guda tana ba da damar daidaita tsarin yanayin zafi.
Zafin ba shi da mahimmanci kamar sanyi, amma kuma yana iya zama haɗari. Ana shigar da magoya baya don yaƙar zafi. Amma akwai nuance – cucumbers ba sa jure wa zane. Sabili da haka, ɗakunan gidaje na greenhouses suna aiki tare da babban adadin iska da ƙananan gudu. Hakanan zai iya taimakawa wajen shigar da fanko mai shaye-shaye, wanda ke guje wa tarin condensate a bangon greenhouse da zubar ruwa na iska. Magoya bayan gida na yau da kullun sun dace don amfani lokaci-lokaci. A kololuwar ayyukan hasken rana, magoya bayan 2 da aka sanya a tsakiyar hanyar greenhouse sun rage yawan zafin jiki da digiri 3-6 a cikin mintuna 30-40.
Bude taga zai iya rage zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse da 12 ° C, amma wannan bazai isa ba a cikin matsanancin zafi. Ƙarshen ganuwar greenhouses wani lokaci an rufe shi da wani ɓangare ko gaba ɗaya tare da kayan laushi fiye da polycarbonate. Yana iya zama spunbond, greenhouse raga, talakawa film. A ranakun zafi, kawai ana naɗe su kuma a tsare su, gaba ɗaya suna buɗe damar shiga iska.
Kuna iya amfani da kowace hanya mai alaƙa da humidification na iska.
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Al’ada lafiya fesa ruwa. Yana rage zafin jiki da 3-4°C.
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Yayyafa ganuwar greenhouse. A cikin matsanancin zafi, wannan fasaha na iya rage zafin iska da 13 ° C.
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Watering hanyoyin a cikin greenhouse.
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Ƙarin watering yana da tasiri mai kyau akan cucumbers a cikin zafi. Moisturize su ba kawai da maraice, amma kuma da safe. Sa’an nan kuma a sami iska mai iska don guje wa zubar da ruwa. Ya kamata a kiyaye wannan alamar a cikin 70%.
A matsakaita, ƙarin humidification yana rage zafin iska da 8°C.
Don daidaita yanayin zafi, ana amfani da gwangwani na ruwa masu launin duhu. Da rana ana sanya su a cikin rana mai haske, da dare ana kawo su cikin greenhouse. Suna tara zafin rana, da daddare a hankali sukan sake shi cikin iska. Kuna iya shigar da ganga na ruwa a cikin greenhouse, a rana mai zafi ruwan ya yi zafi da sauri kuma ya rabu da wani bangare, sanyaya iska a cikin dakin. Ana iya amfani da ruwan dumi don ban ruwa.
Don kawar da overheating na greenhouse a cikin rana mai haske a tsakiyar lokacin rani, ana amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa.
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Kiwon da greenhouse a kan goyon bayan samun iska daga ƙasa (kawai ga kananan greenhouses, ba tare da tushe, kuma a cikin kwanciyar hankali yankunan).
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Tsari tare da zane mai launin haske, shading net, masana’anta mara saƙa. An gyara matsuguni tare da tubalin talakawa, gungumomi, igiyoyi tare da ma’auni.
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Ciki nadi-up spunbond fuska. Ana rataye su akan layuka na waya daga ciki na greenhouse. Ƙari ga haka, iska ba za ta ɗauke su ba. Fursunoni – iyakance damar samun haske ga shuke-shuke (ko da yake wannan ba shi da mahimmanci – har yanzu haske yana shiga cikin ganuwar greenhouse).
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Fuskokin waje da aka yi da kayan rufewa.
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Fuskokin da aka yi da filastik ko itace. Sun yi kama da makafi, da dacewa da ninkewa da buɗewa.
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Sanya ko rataye kwalabe na ruwan daskararre a cikin greenhouse.
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Ana fesa ruwan alli (kofi 1 na alli a cikin lita 10 na ruwa), ba kamar fenti na ruwa ba, ana wanke wannan farar cikin sauƙi. Fesa don sakamakon ya zama ratsi, ba tabo mai ƙarfi ba.
Kuna iya canza yanayin zafi don cucumbers a cikin greenhouse ta hanyar haɗuwa da hanyoyi daban-daban. A yawancin lokuta, ana iya warware batun har ma a matakin zabar greenhouse. Alal misali, a Siberiya ba shi da ma’ana ko kaɗan don ɗaukar tsarin ba tare da iska ba. Yanayin yana da kaifi na nahiya, tare da yanayin zafi dabam dabam. Rana mai zafi a watan Yuni-Yuli yana da wuyar ramawa ba tare da ingantaccen tsarin sanyaya ba wanda girbin zai kasance ƙasa da gadaje masu dumi a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
