Yadda za a shuka cucumbers a cikin greenhouse?

Tsokawar cucumber da farko an yi niyya ne don cimma farkon yuwuwar balaga ta wani iri-iri, inganci mai girma da adadi mai yawa na girbi. Hanyar da aka yi kurakurai na iya haifar da mutuwar tsire-tsire guda ɗaya, raguwa mai kaifi ko kuma hana amfanin gona gaba ɗaya.

alƙawari

Kuna iya tsunkule cucumbers duka ƙasa da greenhouse / greenhouse / greenhouse. Babban abu shine yin aiki tare da ido ba kawai ga vagaries na yanayi da kuma yawan ban ruwa ba, amma har ma da takamaiman halin da ake ciki, musamman, girman girma na ƙwayar kore. Wajibi ne don hana ci gaban kore mara amfani, wanda, mafi mahimmanci, ba zai kawo amfanin gona ba, tun da shuka yana da tushe guda ɗaya, kuma abin da ake samu a cikin samar da ruwa da ma’adanai na iya zama kawai bai isa ba ga duk harbe. babban lasha don kawo yawancin ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu kyau masu kyau. Ba lallai ba ne a yi tsammanin cewa daga kowane itacen inabi zai yiwu a sami fiye da cucumbers ɗari a kowace kakar. Don wannan karshen, ana amfani da pinching da pruning a matsayin matakan tasiri sosai don hana fitar da abubuwan da suka wuce gona da iri a baya zuwa tushen da tushe, wanda, kamar yadda kuka sani, ba tare da zurfin zurfi ba, amma tare da shimfidar yanayin halittu na rassan da rassan. babban lallashi.

Kamar yadda ka sani, bisa ga ka’idar kiyaye dukkan abubuwa – abubuwa da makamashi, bisa ga abin da dukan yanayi ke rayuwa, idan kun ba da kyauta ga ci gaban da ba a kula da tsire-tsire ba, to girbi zai zama kadan, ko kuma ba zai juya ba. fita kwata-kwata. Pruning da pinching cucumbers, kamar kowane amfanin gona na kayan lambu, ana aiwatar da shi don jagorantar wuce haddi na kwayoyin halitta zuwa samuwar sabbin ovaries daidai da kan lokaci, kazalika da haɓakar haɓakar su, balaga da wuri da ɗanɗano mai daɗi har ma da ƙari. mutum mai bukata. Ana kuma buƙatar ƙwanƙwasa don fitar da koren taro a cikin greenhouse ko wurin zafi: tsire-tsire suna buƙatar aƙalla mafi ƙarancin samun iskar da ake buƙata don ayyukansu mai mahimmanci.

Wani daji mai kauri da yawa yana kaiwa ga gaskiyar cewa yana da sauƙin haɓaka fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta, da mold don haɓaka cikin harbe-harbe da yawa. A cikin irin wannan “sau da yawa” kwari suna son daidaitawa – aphids, mites gizo-gizo da sauran kwari.

Kwanan wata hanya

Ba shi yiwuwa a yi la’akari sosai bisa ga kalandar, wane takamaiman ranar wata ba shi yiwuwa a fara pinching lashes na kokwamba bushes a karon farko a cikin shekara da aka ba. Halin da gaske ya dogara da yanayin yanayi, dasa wasu nau’ikan iri, da girman girma na harbe kokwamba ya bambanta sosai. Kafin fara aiki, ana kwatanta halaye masu zuwa na nau’in nau’in nau’in ƙarshe da wasu kama da shi.

1. Kwanan shuka. Ya kamata tsire-tsire su girma sosai, su yi ƙarfi, kuma su sami tushe sosai.

2. Yawan inflorescences riga pollinated da kafa ovaries. Ga nau’in pollinated da nau’in pollinated, sun kuma bambanta.

Yawan cucumbers akai-akai zai lalata tsire-tsire ne kawai. Koyaya, tsarin yau da kullun ya kamata ya dace da nau’in da kuka zaɓa.

Tsarin gargajiya

Tsoka shuke-shuke dole ne. Wasu novice lambu suna ganin wannan hanya ba lallai ba ne. Pinching yana ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa zuwa karin kilogiram biyu na cucumbers daga daji ɗaya, kuma wannan, kuna gani, yana da yawa. Ana yin ƙwanƙwasa sosai a hankali – ƙwayar kokwamba yana da rauni, yana da sauƙi a “gudu”. Tsokakken harbe-harbe na kokwamba yana daya daga cikin mafi inganci hanyoyin samar da daji. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ya zama sananne sosai. Idan babban lasha ya lalace, to, adadin inflorescences na mata zai ragu sosai. Idan ba ku bi tazarar tazara don hanyar pinching ba, ya bayyana cewa cucumbers za su ci gaba da zama mai ɗaci bayan ripening.

Hanyar fita daga cikin wannan yanayin shine sayan tsaba na cucumbers matasan – ba sa buƙatar pinching. Duk da haka, kai a cikin irin waɗannan nau’ikan na iya zama kusan sifili.

Daga cikin sanannun makircin da aka yi mataki-mataki, ƙwanƙwasa cucumbers, abin da ake kira chess wanda ya zama sananne. Ya kunshi a cikin wadannan.

1. Ana yin zaman farko na tsunkule lokacin da zanen gadon farko ya bayyana. Ana ci gaba da shayar da tsire-tsire a kowace rana. A kowane gefe tsunkule ƙarin harbe biyu a tarnaƙi, mai da hankali kan babban lasha na daji.

2. Bayan bayyanar ganye 6 akan kowane daji, ana yin harbe-harbe guda 2 a kowane gefe, har yanzu suna mai da hankali kan babban lasha.

3. Bayan bayyanar ganye 10 akan kowane daji, toshe hanyoyin tafiyar matakai, gami da kafaffen ovaries waɗanda suka bayyana daga inflorescences na maza.

4. Bayan bayyanar zanen gado 11, tsunkule saman bulala. A wannan lokacin, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire kokwamba.

Idan kun keta makircin da lokacin pinching, bayan samun shawara don nau’ikan iri daban-daban, to, irin wannan “daidaituwa” zai iya lalata tsire-tsire, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa kawai ku rasa amfanin gona. Don tsire-tsire kokwamba da aka girma a cikin tushe guda ɗaya a cikin greenhouse, wannan hanyar za ta adana ƙarin wurin zama. Idan hanyar da aka yi daidai, to shuka yana tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari yadda ya kamata.

Tsuntsaye iri daban-daban

Idan inflorescences galibi ana wakilta ta furanni maza, waɗanda ke da rinjaye na musamman a cikin yawancin amfanin gona na kokwamba, an cire saman lasha, wanda ke ba da damar tsire-tsire su girma gefen harbe. Dangane da iri-iri da yanayin da ke shafar tsawon waɗannan harbe-harbe, ana yin pinching lokacin da aƙalla ganye na gaskiya 6 suka bayyana. An yanke duk ƙananan ƙananan girma daga babban lasha, ciki har da furanni da suka fadi a ƙasa. Wadannan matakan suna kare tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire daga cututtuka da kwari: suna ƙoƙari su hau daga ƙasa zuwa shuka kanta kawai tare da su, kuma kada su fada a kai, suna yawo a kusa da babban lash. Bayan pinching, riga kafa cucumbers ƙara da nauyi da kuma girma, da farko sun sami ƙarfi, sa’an nan kuma sabon ovaries aka kafa a kan stepchilds (gefen harbe da suka girma daga kumburi a kan babban lash). Don haɓaka ci gaban cucumbers, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da takin mai magani na potash da phosphate, narkar da fiye da 60 g na salts phosphate a cikin guga na ruwa. Don 1 m2 na kauri kokwamba, ba za a buƙaci fiye da lita 3 na tushen stimulator bayani ba.

Kafin aikin, an wanke hannaye sosai, kuma almakashi, a baya sun kaifi, an lalata su. Ana yin tsunkule don daji kawai da kuma nau’ikan hawan hawa. Tare da gagarumin hanzari a cikin ci gaban ‘ya’yan uwa, an ɗaure su da shinge na trellis, wanda zai ba su damar yin kwance a ƙasa. Wannan zai kare tsire-tsire daga samuwar cucumbers masu launin rawaya waɗanda suka ɗauki nau’i na ganga, da kuma mamayewa mai yawa na kwari. An yanke saman babban lash ɗin ƴan santimita kaɗan daga kumburin ƙarshe (petiole).

Babban ka’ida na pinching shine don haɓaka saurin haɓakar rassan gefe. Wasu ‘ya’yan da kuka yanke shawarar barin don girma na gefe, bayan bayyanar ganye 4, kuma tsunkule. Kokwamba liana yakamata yayi girma ta bangarori daban-daban, yayin da dogayen rassan suna rage sinadirai a cikin tsire-tsire, wanda ke haifar da tsiron zubar da ovaries. An girbe cucumbers waɗanda suka girma zuwa daidaitattun masu girma dabam, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a hana raguwar yawan amfanin gonar daji.

An bambanta nau’in cucumbers ta hanyar fasaha ta hanyar pollination na kai. Ba sa buƙatar kasancewar kwari kusa ko yanayin iska. Bayanin kowane nau’in nau’in ya ƙunshi shawarwari akan ko suna buƙatar girma a cikin yanayin greenhouse, ko kuma wani nau’in nau’in zai biya yanayin budewa. An daure nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan da aka daure su ne akan trellis ko net don hana bayyanar kwari akan ciyayi, don ba da damar iska ta shiga cikin yardar kaina tsakanin rassan da ganyaye, da kuma haɓaka ta’aziyyar mai shi ( mazaunin bazara) idan lokacin ya zo. don girbi.

Pinching ba ka damar rage yawan ba dole ba stepchildren, bakin ciki fitar da thickets, guje wa thickening. Shuke-shuke yawanci stepchild bayan samuwar 7th leaf.

Masu pollinators kwari da hybrids

Ire-iren da aka gurbatar da kwari mutane na iya gurbata su ta hanyar wucin gadi. An yi la’akari da noman amya na kudan zuma kusa da greenhouses inda ake shuka cucumbers. Mafi yawan adadin ovaries an kafa shi daidai a gefen harbe. Babban lallashin yana cike da galibin furanni, yawancinsu bakarare bane. Pollinated da matasan iri suna samuwa ta hanyar tsunkule babban lash. Don ƙarin girma, babban lanƙwasa na iya ƙara girma, yana ci gaba da girma daga gefen saman. Pinching ne da za’ayi ba a baya fiye da bayan samuwar na 6th ganye.

Parthenocarpic

An bambanta nau’ikan da aka haɗa a cikin bayanan ta hanyar bayyanar ƙananan furanni na maza. A tsayin mita 0,5, ana ɗora matakan da suka dace a sama da ganyen gefe. Suna komawa baya da mita daga saman ƙasa, suna barin matakai na gefe, ‘ya’yan itatuwa biyu da aka kafa da ganye uku. Komawa baya daga saman ƙasa 1,5 m, bar 4 ovaries da adadin ganye iri ɗaya.

Bayan kulawa

Ana ba da shawarar tsunkule a lokacin bushewa. A lokacin damina, cututtuka na kowane irin cututtuka za su shiga cikin shuka ta wurin dasa. Tsoka mai kauri mai tushe zai buƙaci ƙarin kulawar shuka. Wuraren da aka yanke ana yayyafa su da foda na kwal, ko kuma a shafa ɗan ƙaramin jan ƙarfe (ko baƙin ƙarfe) sulfate.

Ciyarwa da shayarwa akan lokaci ma wajibi ne. Idan ba tare da waɗannan abubuwan biyu ba, ba za ku jira girbi mai kyau ba.

Kuskure masu yiwuwa

Lalashin girma da ba daidai ba, yana da cututtukan ciyayi, ba zai iya samar da girbi mai kyau ba. Duk da bambancin pinching ga wasu nau’ikan, mazauna bazara da masu lambu suna yin kuskure iri ɗaya.

Furen da ba kowa a kan nau’in pollinated kudan zuma ba a yarda a cire su ba. Duk da yawan ci gaban inflorescences na mata, rashin namiji ba zai ba da girbi mai yawa ba.

Lokacin yankan harbe-harbe, an haramta yanke su da ruwa ba tare da barin “hemp” ba. Raunin da aka yi wa shuka yana bushewa, bushewar wurin da aka yanke ya kai zurfin zurfin tushe wanda aka yanke harbe na gefe, kuma a sakamakon haka ya lalace, kuma daji ba zai iya girma girma ba. . Shigar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da naman gwari zai shafi dukan shuka, kuma ba za a sami girbi daga gare ta ba. Kada a yi tsunkule da kaciya da maraice – yana da kyau a yi shi da safe. Zafin zafi a lokacin rana zai bushe wurin da aka yanke, kuma da safe sai tushe zai daidaita – saboda kwararar sabon ruwa tare da ma’adanai da aka narkar da shi.

Siffata, gami da tsunkule, wani lokacin ma’auni ne na lokaci ɗaya. Yanke harbe-harbe akai-akai ba zai ba da tasirin da ake so ba – za ku iya rasa amfanin gona gaba ɗaya.

Gidan greenhouse ya kamata ya kasance da ganuwar da aka yi da kayan matte, alal misali, polycarbonate – hasken rana mai tarwatsewa ba su da ƙarfi fiye da na kai tsaye.