Namo na cucumbers a cikin wani greenhouse

Girma cucumbers a cikin greenhouse ba al’ada ba ce da aka saba da ita, amma ba ta keɓanta ba. Kuma a lokaci guda, shawarar masanin aikin gona (ko kawai ƙwararren mazaunin bazara) ba zai zama mai ban mamaki ba. Domin akwai muhimman abubuwa da yawa a cikin wannan batu: daga lokacin saukar jirgin zuwa rigakafin cututtuka.

Ranar ƙarshe

Seedlings suna shirye don dasa su a cikin yanayin greenhouse lokacin da suka cika kwanaki 25-30. Wato la’akari da waɗannan bayanan, yana yiwuwa a ƙidaya kwanaki 30 na girma da kwanaki 5 don tsiro masu tasowa, kuma ta wannan hanyar za’a iya samun mafi kyawun kwanan wata don shuka iri. Kuma wannan gaskiya ne ga kowane yanki, duk yanayin yanayin da za a iya samu. A lokaci guda, kuna buƙatar saka idanu da alamun zafin jiki.

Misali, da a cikin tsakiyar tsakiyar watan Mayu ya riga ya yiwu a dasa cucumbers a cikin greenhouse. Sai kawai kafin wannan kuna buƙatar ƙayyade yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa a cikinta, kada ya zama ƙasa da digiri na +15. Kuma don auna ma’aunin ƙasa, dole ne a fara rufe wurin auna da allo (in ba haka ba alamomin na iya zama ƙarya idan rana ta dumama ƙasa da yawa). Kuma ana yin ma’auni da safe, a wannan lokacin ya fi dacewa. Tono thermometer a cikin gadon da bai wuce 20 cm ba.

Kuma idan kuna son dumama ƙasa da sauri, baƙar fata na filastik zai taimaka. Wani lokaci kuma ana amfani da man biofuel, wanda kawai a tona a cikin ƙasa, sannan a zuba da ruwan zãfi, sannan a yi sutura a sama.

Abubuwan da ake bukata

Ana iya sa ran girbi mai albarka daga waɗannan cucumbers waɗanda ke tsiro akan ƙasa tare da ingantaccen tsarin halitta. Tun da tushen tsire-tsire suna da rauni sosai kuma ba za su germinate zurfi fiye da 20 cm ba, al’adar tana da matukar damuwa ga haɓakar ƙasa. Kuma, kamar yadda ƙwararrun lambu suka ce, ba tare da taki ba, kokwamba zai zama fanko. Sabili da haka, tabbas ba kwa buƙatar jin tsoron manyan allurai na kwayoyin halitta, waɗanda cucumbers suna son sosai. Ɗaya daga cikin murabba’in mita zai iya ƙunsar daga 4 zuwa 20 kg na kwayoyin halitta. Kuna iya takin ƙasa tare da taki ko ganye, peat, datti mai lalacewa, sawdust, bambaro. Kuma dole ne nitrogen, gabatar a cikin takin. Kuma yana da kyau a yi amfani da takin mai magani a gida: tono tsagi tare da gadaje, kuma a shimfiɗa wani Layer na 15 cm saman miya, sannan a rufe shi da ƙasa.

Game da microclimate a cikin greenhouse, shawarwarin za su kasance kamar haka:

• shayarwa na yau da kullun, amma ba tare da haɗarin fadama gadaje ba – yana da kyau a dumama ruwa a cikin rana ko ɗauka daga waɗannan kwantena waɗanda aka cika a cikin greenhouse kanta;
• sassauta ƙasa, kuma na yau da kullun, shine abin da ake buƙata don ci gaban cucumbers na yau da kullun, don haka zai zama sauƙin iska don gudana zuwa tushen;
• don kula da matakin da ake so na danshi a cikin gadaje, yana da kyau a ciyawa ƙasa;
• yayyafawa wani ma’auni ne na wajibi, kuma ya ƙunshi mahimmanci fesa koren ɓangaren amfanin gona da ruwa, bayan haka ruwan zai ragu a hankali zuwa tushen, don haka shuka zai cika da danshi;
• tsarin hasken rana shine sa’o’i 10 na haske a kowace rana, amma idan an rage wannan adadi, cucumbers suna girma mafi muni (idan babu isasshen rana, dole ne ku tsawaita lokacin hasken rana tare da phytolamps);
• Ana shuka seedlings lokacin da yake +22 a cikin greenhouse, zai yi fure lokacin da digiri ya tashi zuwa +25, kuma ya ba da ‘ya’ya – daga +25 zuwa +30 (ci gaban zai tsaya a +15, kuma a +7 al’adar za ta mutu). ;
• zafi ya kamata ya zama babba, daga 90 zuwa 95%;
• samun iska (amma ba zayyana ba) wani yanayi ne da ba makawa, wanda kuma shi ne rigakafin cututtuka, kamar rubewa.

Sau da yawa maƙwabtan cucumbers a cikin greenhouse sune tumatir. Amma irin wannan unguwa ba ta da kyau, saboda tsire-tsire suna buƙatar yanayi daban-daban. Tare da barkono da zucchini – wannan labarin. Amma kusa da kabeji zaka iya shuka. Kamar tare da masara, alal misali.

Greenhouse shiri

A cikin ƙasa mara kyau kuma mai kyau, wanda ke riƙe da danshi daidai kuma yana ba da damar iska ta wuce, cucumbers za su yi kyau. Idan ƙasa a cikin greenhouse yana da yumbu ko yashi, girbi mai kyau ba zai yiwu ba. Menene bukatun ƙasa a cikin greenhouse:

• idan melons ko kabewa sun girma a nan a cikin kakar da ta gabata, yana da kyau a canza ƙasa gaba ɗaya – yana da talauci, wanda kokwamba baya jurewa, har ma da cututtuka na yau da kullum / kwari na iya shafar amfanin gona;
• yana da kyau a dasa cucumbers inda albasa ko karas, kabeji ko dankali, barkono a baya ya girma;
• wajibi ne don shirya gadaje, a hanya mai kyau, daga fall – cire duk ragowar tsire-tsire, tono ƙasa, ƙara humus (ko takin) a cikin guga ta 1 m2;
• a cikin fall, superphosphate da dolomite gari za a iya ƙara zuwa ƙasa (na farko – 2 tablespoons da murabba’in mita, na biyu – 1 tablespoons), da kuma a cikin bazara, 2 makonni kafin a aika da seedlings, peat, humus, sawdust iya. a ƙara a cikin ƙasa, kuma a sake tono zurfi;
• Maganin jan karfe sulfate don lalata gadaje kuma ma’auni ne na wajibi (don lita 10 na ruwa, 1 tablespoon na miyagun ƙwayoyi);
• a cikin kaka, zai zama da kyau don shuka taki koren a wannan wuri, alal misali, mustard leafy, kuma kafin farkon sanyi mai tsanani, tono gadaje tare da mustard – a lokacin hunturu zai bazu cikin nutsuwa, wanda ba zai wadatar da ƙasa kawai ba. , amma kuma za a kashe shi.

An riga an ambata dumama ƙasa a sama. Af, bambaro kuma zai iya taimaka masa ya dumama. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar cire 15 cm na saman saman ƙasa, sanya bambaro a kan duk gadaje, takin da humus a saman, sannan ƙasan ƙasa ta koma wurin ta na asali.

Hanyoyin saukarwa

Akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, amma yana da daraja a kwatanta mafi na kowa daki-daki. Ga alama kamar haka:

• Za a sanya layuka 2 na cucumbers a cikin gado mai tsayi;
• Dole ne a kiyaye nisa na 30 cm (ko ma 40 cm) tsakanin bushes da ke kusa;
• seedlings a cikin gado ɗaya, amma a lokaci guda a cikin layuka masu kusa, ana shuka su sosai ko dai a cikin layi ɗaya ko a cikin tsarin checkerboard (nisa ya kamata ya zama akalla 50 cm);
• rami ya kamata ya kasance a ƙarƙashin trellis, ko kuma an shimfiɗa ragar kokwamba a tsakanin layuka.

Amma wannan zaɓi ne don daidaitattun greenhouses, kuma a gaskiya yana iya zama mai faɗi sosai, misali, 350 cm da fadi. Kuma a sa’an nan ya fi dacewa don sanya gadaje ba kawai a kusa da ganuwar ba, amma kuma amfani da tsakiyar sararin samaniya (wato, za a sami ƙarin gado). Babban abu shine cewa tsire-tsire za su sami isasshen haske. A kan kunkuntar gadaje, akwai zaɓuɓɓukan saukowa guda 3: a cikin layi biyu, wurin zama na dara da layi ɗaya.

Tsarin dasa shuki

Kafin dasa shuki, ƙasa a cikin greenhouse za a iya jiƙa da ruwan zafi. Sa’an nan kuma kana buƙatar yin ramuka a cikin ƙasa, kuma rarraba tsire-tsire a cikin su. Fi dacewa, idan ta girma a cikin peat tukwane na musamman. Inda Ana yin hutun ne domin gefen saman kwandon peat ya fito sama da saman ƙasa. Ƙasar za a iya ɗan haɗa shi. Kuma a saman ƙasa, inda aka riga an dasa tsire-tsire, an yayyafa wani Layer na santimita biyu tare da sawdust – shine tushen ɓangaren cucumbers wanda ke buƙatar mulched. Kwana biyu ba buƙatar ruwa ga gadaje ba.

Kulawa

Dasa shine, wanda zai iya faɗi, mafi sauƙin ɓangaren girma cucumbers. Ko da masu farawa, ba zai zama da wahala ba. Amma sai an fara noma, wanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta tsarin.

Ruwa

Cucumbers tabbas shine mafi yawan amfanin gona don shayarwa. Sabili da haka, tsarin ban ruwa dole ne ya zama na yau da kullun, in ba haka ba ba za ku iya tsammanin yawan amfanin ƙasa ba. Watering ya kamata ya kasance akai-akai, a cikin lokutan rani – musamman akai-akai. Kada a bar ganyen shuka ya bushe. Tushen tushen kokwamba yana zaune kusa da saman ƙasa, don haka ba zai iya ɗaukar ruwa daga zurfin ba (ba kamar tumatir ba, alal misali). Kuma yanayin shuka zai dogara kai tsaye akan watering.

Lokacin da zafi ke kunne, kuma tsarin samar da ‘ya’yan itace ya fara, cucumbers na greenhouse suna buƙatar shayar da kullun. Kuma fasahar yayyafawa za ta zama mafita mai kyau – ruwa zai zubo a cikin hanyar drip, ƙaura kadan. A cikin greenhouse, zafi na iska zai karu, kuma wannan yana da mahimmanci ga shuka. Gabaɗaya, don 1 sq. m gadaje ya kamata a lissafta 15-25 lita kowace rana ko kowace rana (dangane da yanayin). Lokacin ‘ya’yan itace, amfani yana ƙaruwa da kashi uku.

Ba a shayar da cucumbers da ruwan sanyi ba, an cire wannan. Wannan ba saboda gaskiyar cewa sun zama masu ɗaci ba. Amma idan an shayar da sanyi, haɗarin cutar zai karu sosai.

Ciyarwa

Cucumbers suna girma da sauri, kuma wannan shine al’ada. Sabbin nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan suna ba da girbi mafi girma, amma har yanzu suna buƙatar “ciyar da su”. Saboda haka, ana amfani da takin mai magani sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a wata, amma ba daga kwanakin farko na noma ba. Takin gargajiya sune mahadi na halitta: taki, ash, taki kaji, koren takin ganye. Seedlings riga da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa ba a ciyar da kwayoyin halitta, amma ana ciyar da su da ash a lokacin da har yanzu suna shirya wani substrate don tsaba. Amma a cikin greenhouse, kuma za a buƙaci takin ma’adinai. Amma da farko, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire masu shirye don dasa shuki tare da nitrogen ko hadaddun (amma tare da babban hada da nitrogen), saboda aikin shuka a matakin farko shine daidai don ƙara yawan kore.

Bayan an dasa seedlings a cikin greenhouse, ƙasa ba ta da takin har tsawon makonni 2. Dole ne shuka ya fara samun tushe. Haka ne, kuma a cikin ramuka lokacin dasa shuki sanya isasshen kayan ado na farko a karon farko. Sai kuma maganin mullein, da ash, da taki na kaji zai yi. Da zarar an daure cucumbers, za a buƙaci takin potash.

Samun iska

Da farko, ya kamata a kula da wannan tsari tare da kulawa sosai – ƙananan tsire-tsire suna da matukar damuwa ga zane. Saboda haka, idan kun buɗe windows, kawai a gefe ɗaya. Idan zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa +30, tabbatar da samun iska.

Samuwar

Don girma cucumbers daidai, kuna buƙatar samar da shuka daidai.

Yadda ake tsunkule cucumbers:

• na farko 40 cm gaba daya “makafi” da harbe;
• na biyu 40 cm – tsunkule a kan takardar farko;
• na gaba 40 cm – sama da na biyu;
• kara – sama da na uku da sauransu.

Ba tare da pinching ba, amfanin gona yana raguwa, don haka yana da kyau a aiwatar da daji ta wannan hanya. Kuna iya tsunkule cucumbers a farkon girma, rabin mita sama da ƙasa. Babu buƙatar yin mafi girma, saboda yawancin ovaries sun fada a kan harbe na gefe. Dole ne a nannade takardar a hankali kuma a cire harbin da zane. Ganyen da ke ƙasan lasha za su bushe, ƙarar za ta zama bako, amma nan da nan tushen zai fara girma a nan, kuma wannan zai ba da ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki ga daji.

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don ɗaure cucumbers. A cikin matsayi mai ɗaure, sun fi haske da haske, bulala suna da iska sosai (wanda ke nufin akwai ƙananan haɗarin rashin lafiya), kuma yana da sauƙin kulawa da su a cikin yanayin ƙasa mai kariya. Yana da mahimmanci cewa tsire-tsire ba sa haɗuwa da juna lokacin da aka ɗaure su. Zabar ‘ya’yan itace a kan cucumbers da aka daure kuma yana da sauƙi.

Tare da pollination, duk abin da yake da sauki da kuma hadaddun. Idan nau’ikan suna pollinated kudan zuma, kuna buƙatar jawo hankalin ƙudan zuma zuwa greenhouse. Idan kun yi pollination da hannu, kuna buƙatar yin shi tare da swab na auduga ko goge fenti.

Sakewa da tudu

Idan ba tare da wannan ba, fasahar noma ba za ta yi kyau ba. Wajibi ne a sassauta da tudu don iska ta iya zuwa tushen. Idan ba haka ba, ba a kawar da lalatarsu. An riga an ce tushen kokwamba ba su da ƙarfi musamman, sabili da haka ɗaya daga cikin sirrin ƙarfafa su ya ta’allaka ne a cikin sassauta tsari. Kada a sami ɓawon burodi a saman ƙasa.

Cututtuka da kwari

Da alama a cikin fim ko gilashin gilashi, da kuma a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate, tsire-tsire suna rashin lafiya. Amma ba haka ba ne. Anan akwai wasu cututtuka da ake samu a cikin greenhouse.

• Farar rube – Wannan cuta ce ta fungal wacce ‘ya’yan itatuwa da dukkan saman daji suka koma fari. Cutar tana ci gaba da sauri, gadaje kokwamba suna rashin lafiya, kuma naman gwari ya kasance a cikin ƙasa. Dole ne mu samu…