Ana ɗaukar cucumber a matsayin amfanin gona mai ban sha’awa, wanda ke sanya takamaiman buƙatu akan noma. Duk wani kuskure da mai lambu ya yi a cikin noman cucumbers na iya haifar da gaskiyar cewa an haife su ƙanana, maras kyau, ɗaci, mai tsami, ko gabaɗaya mara daɗi.
Wadanne shawarwari ya kamata a bi yayin da ake noman amfanin gona mai wuya? Yadda ake girma da shuka kokwamba seedlings? Yadda za a samu girbi mai girma?
Abubuwan da ake bukata
Kokwamba shine amfanin gona mai kama da liana na shekara-shekara, don noma wanda ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau na musamman akan rukunin yanar gizon (duka a buɗe da ƙasa mai kariya). Da farko, ya shafi abubuwa kamar:
- haske mai kyau;
- isasshen adadin sarari kyauta;
- ya karu, amma bai yi yawa ba (!) zafi na ƙasa da iska;
- zazzabi mai dacewa (ƙasa da iska);
- abinci mai kyau (abincin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa).
Cucumbers tsire-tsire ne masu ɗaukar hoto waɗanda ke buƙatar haske mai kyau yayin rana. Rashin hasken rana (wanda aka lura, alal misali, lokacin dasa shuki a cikin inuwa mai karfi) yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan su, sakamakon abin da kullun kokwamba ya shimfiɗa, ya zama mai rauni, kuma ya koma baya a ci gaba. Koyaya, dogon zama a cikin haske, rana mai zafi don cucumbers shima ba zai iya zama mai cutarwa ba, tunda a cikin irin wannan yanayin akwai haɗarin ƙonewa ga tsire-tsire. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwarewar yawancin mazauna lokacin rani ya nuna cewa tare da tsawan rana da yanayin zafi, cucumbers sun fara samar da ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu banƙyama da masu ɗaci.
Mafi kyau duka don girma cucumbers (duka seedlings da manya shuke-shuke) yana da taushi, amma yalwataccen haske. A wannan yanayin, tsawon lokacin hasken rana ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 10-12 hours.
Ba a ba da shawarar shuka cucumbers kusa da juna ko ga wasu tsire-tsire ba, ba tare da barin isasshen sarari kyauta a gare su ba. A cikin yanayin matsi da kauri, tsire-tsire ba za su ci gaba da girma ba kuma, a sakamakon haka, ba za su iya ba da girbi mai yawa da inganci ba. Masu lambu suna la’akari da tsire-tsire 3-4 (dangane da iri-iri) a kowace murabba’in murabba’in 1 don zama mafi kyawun yawan shuka. mita.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa cucumbers shuka ne mai son danshi wanda baya jurewa fari da kyau. A saboda wannan dalili, lokacin da ake girma cucumbers duka a cikin greenhouse da kuma a cikin buɗe ƙasa, masu lambu suna ba da kulawa ta musamman ga shayarwa na yau da kullun da spraying na lokaci-lokaci. Ya kamata a la’akari da gaskiyar cewa ƙarancin danshi shine wani dalili na samuwar ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu ɗaci da sluggish na siffar mummuna.
Wani tsarin zafin jiki wani yanayi ne mai mahimmanci wanda ya kamata a kiyaye shi lokacin girma cucumbers a bude da ƙasa mai kariya. Wannan al’ada mai ban sha’awa tana da zafi sosai don sanyaya, kuma raguwa mai mahimmanci da kaifi a cikin zafin jiki na iya zama mai mutuwa gaba ɗaya. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki wanda cucumbers ke jin daɗi da haɓaka kullum shine 19-25 ° C.
Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura da cewa karuwar zafin jiki mai karfi (sama da 35 ° C) na iya haifar da mummunar tasiri ga ci gaba da ci gaban tsire-tsire, sabili da haka, a cikin yanayin zafi sosai, ana ba da shawarar inuwa su kuma kare su daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Gogaggen lambu kuma lura cewa cucumbers suna son kuma suna amsawa tare da godiya mai girma ga suturar yau da kullun kuma suna da matukar jinkirin girma akan ƙasa mara nauyi. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa babu makawa yana rinjayar inganci, girma da adadin ‘ya’yan itatuwa.
Bisa ga wannan yanayin, masu lambu suna shirya ƙasa don shuka tsaba kokwamba da kuma dasa shuki a gaba, suna wadatar da shi da takin, humus, ruɓaɓɓen taki, da takin zamani.
Mafi kyawun magabata da maƙwabta a gonar
Don samar da kansu da girbi mai kyau na cucumbers masu daɗi da crispy, ƙwararrun lambu suna ba da hankali sosai ga jujjuyawar amfanin gona. Don haka, a wuri guda, an ba da izinin girma cucumbers ba fiye da shekaru 3-5 a jere ba. Bugu da ari, ana ba da shawarar dasa shuki kokwamba zuwa wani sabon wuri.
Mafi kyawun magabata, bayan haka an ba da izinin shuka cucumbers, sune:
- dankali;
- iri daban-daban na kabeji (savoy, fari da ja kabeji, farin kabeji);
- ganye (faski, letas, Dill, coriander);
- wake;
- amfanin gonakin furanni na shekara-shekara.
A cikin unguwar cucumbers, yawancin mazauna rani suna ba da shawara dasa shuki sunflowers. Wadannan tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi za su kare kullun kokwamba daga rana har ma za su iya yin aiki azaman tallafi na halitta a gare su.
Masu lambu ba sa ba da shawarar shuka cucumbers a wuraren da aka shuka amfanin gona a baya waɗanda ke cinye abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da masara, kankana.
Girma seedlings
Gogaggen lambu sun san adadi mai yawa na hanyoyin da fasaha don girma seedlingsan kokwamba, amma duk suna da fasali gama gari. Mafi mashahuri tsarin mataki-mataki na ayyuka, bisa ga abin da yawancin lambu suka fi son shuka kokwamba seedlings, shine kamar haka:
- shirya cakuda ƙasa don shuka (ƙasar lambu, humus, peat, sawdust a cikin daidaitattun 2: 2: 2: 1);
- cika kofuna, kwalaye ko kwantena tare da cakuda ƙasa;
- shuka tsaba, zurfafa su da santimita 1,5-2,5;
- yalwar zubar da kwantena tare da saukowa;
- rufe kwantena da tsare.
Maimakon ƙayyadadden cakuda ƙasa, an ba da izinin amfani da cakuda ƙasa soddy da humus (2: 1) ko ƙasa da aka shirya don furanni da seedlings. Baya ga kwantena na filastik da kofuna, ana iya amfani da ƙananan tukwane da aka yi daga kwali-kwali ko cakuda peat (“tukunin peat”) azaman kwantena. Lokacin amfani da irin waɗannan tukwane, babu buƙatar cire shuka daga kwandon dasawa a nan gaba. Ita kanta tukunyar, wadda aka sanya a cikin ramin shuka, za ta tarwatse zuwa gutsuttsura kuma ta rube a zahiri.
Don shuka, zaka iya amfani da busassun iri da soyayyen iri. A matsayinka na mai mulki, mazauna lokacin rani suna yin jiƙan iri na farko don bincika germination, tunda wannan hanya tana ba da izinin ƙin yarda da kayan da ba su dace ba a kan lokaci.
Yawancin lokaci ana jika tsaba na tsawon kwanaki 1-1,5 ta amfani da tsayayyen ruwa a zafin jiki. A wasu lokuta, ana jiƙa tsaba kokwamba a cikin ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate, wanda ke da sakamako na rigakafi (disinfecting). Kafin germination, ƙasa a cikin kwantena tare da amfanin gona ana yin ruwa akai-akai, yana hana shi bushewa. Dangane da duk shawarwarin da ke sama, seedlings suna bayyana a ranar 5-10th (lokacin ya dogara da halaye iri-iri na tsire-tsire). Bayan farkon sprouts sprouts, an cire fim din daga kwantena dasa.
Domin tsire-tsire matasa su ci gaba da girma, suna kula da zafi mai zafi a cikin ɗakin (akalla 60%). Don yin wannan, ana aiwatar da fesa tsire-tsire na yau da kullun, ana amfani da ƙarin na’urori (masu humidifier na iska, faffadan fakiti tare da ruwa). Don hana kokwamba sprouts daga mikewa, ya kamata a sanya su na wani ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin daki tare da matsakaici sanyi zafin jiki (a cikin ginshiki, a baranda). Yanayin iska a cikin dakin ya kamata ya zama akalla 15-16 ° C. Bayan ‘yan kwanaki, ana mayar da tsire-tsire zuwa dakin dumi, inda zafin rana ya kai 22-23 ° C, kuma zafin dare bai wuce 18 ° C ba.
Kimanin makonni 1,5-2 kafin ranar da aka sa ran dasa shuki a cikin bude ƙasa, cucumbers masu girma sun fara taurare don a nan gaba su sami sauƙin daidaitawa da sabbin yanayi. Don yin wannan, ana tura kwantena tare da tsire-tsire zuwa baranda mai glazed, loggia ko greenhouse mara zafi, inda zafin iska ya ɗan wuce zafin iska a waje.
Saukowa a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa
Lokacin da aka kafa ganye na gaskiya 2-4 akan tsire-tsire, ana barin su a dasa su a wuri na dindindin. Ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga zayyana kuma hasken rana sosai a cikin rana. A gaba, ko da a cikin kaka, ƙasa a wurin dasa cucumbers an haƙa sama da wadatar da kwayoyin halitta (rotted taki, shirye-shiryen hadaddun takin mai magani). A wurin saukarwa, an shirya ramuka game da zurfin 10-12 cm. Nisa tsakanin ramukan ya kamata ya zama akalla 50 cm. Idan an shirya shuka cucumbers ta amfani da hanyar tsaye (a kan trellises), to, nisa tsakanin ramuka na iya zama 30-35 cm. Ba a ba da shawarar sanya su a kan gadaje 1 sq. mita fiye da 3 shuke-shuke.
Ana aiwatar da dasa cucumbers a hankali, cire tsire-tsire tare da clod na ƙasa a kan tushen. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa a cikin wannan al’ada tsarin tushen yana da haɓaka da haɓaka, don haka cucumbers suna jure wa dasawa mai zafi sosai. Bayan dasa shuki, ana shayar da tsire-tsire sosai. Shawara mai amfani: bayan shayarwa, ana bada shawara don inuwa da tsire-tsire tare da kayan da ba a saka ba – wannan zai ba da damar tsire-tsire su dace da sauri zuwa sabon wuri. Ba a bada shawara mai karfi don barin cucumbers da aka dasa ba tare da tsari na wucin gadi ba a yanayin zafi da rana.
Har ila yau, kada a bar dasa shuki ba tare da kariya ba a lokacin sanyi na gajeren lokaci, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya ragu zuwa 10-12 ° C. A wannan yanayin, ana shigar da arcs sama da cucumbers, wanda aka gyara fim din fim ko spunbond.
A yankunan da ke da yanayi mai sanyi da yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali, yawancin lambu suna shuka cucumbers a cikin ramukan takin (tuba) ko cikin tayoyin mota. Tare da waɗannan hanyoyin girma, cucumbers ba kasafai suke fama da canjin zafin jiki na farat ɗaya ba da ƙwanƙolin sanyi na dare.
Sirrin shirya “gado a tsaye” na ƙafafun:
- Tsohuwar tayoyin mota guda 3 suna jibge a saman juna;
- ɗaure tayoyin tare da kowace hanya mara kyau (waya, igiya);
- cika tsarin da aka samu tare da ƙasa mai laushi, takin, humus.
Daga 1 zuwa 3 tsire-tsire ana shuka su a cikin tsarin taya da aka gama. Sannan suna kula da su kamar yadda ake shuka tsire-tsire a kan gado na yau da kullun.
Kulawa
Babban kulawa ga cucumbers a cikin ƙasa shine yawan shayarwa na yau da kullun, kayan ado na lokaci-lokaci, garters da pinching. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, tsire-tsire suna fuskantar cikakken bincike don gano alamun kwari ko alamun cututtuka masu yiwuwa.
Ruwa
Shayar da gadaje tare da cucumbers ya kamata a yi sau ɗaya kowace rana 1-2 (a cikin zafi, bushe rani, ana ba da izinin shayarwa kowace rana). Don ban ruwa, ana amfani da ruwa mai dumi kawai, ana ciyar da lita 5-6 a kowace murabba’in mita 1 kafin fure da lita 10-12 kowanne – a mataki na samuwar ovary. Ana yin shayarwa a lokacin alfijir ko bayan faduwar rana.
Garter
Yayin da suke girma, cucumbers suna buƙatar daure. Wannan wajibi ne don tsire-tsire su sami isasshen haske da iska. Bugu da ƙari, garter na cucumbers a lokacin lokacin ‘ya’yan itace zai guje wa lalatawar ‘ya’yan itace da lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da cututtuka na cututtuka daban-daban da ke zaune a cikin ƙasa.
Don garter, igiya ko tube mai laushi amma masana’anta masu ɗorewa ana amfani da su, wanda aka haɗa tsire-tsire zuwa tallafi. Lokacin daure cucumbers, ba a sanya madaukai da yawa sosai don kada su lalata mai tushe. Iri-iri na cucumbers girma a cikin kara guda baya buƙatar pinching. A cikin nau’ikan ƙarfi, babban tushe yawanci ana tsinke bayan ganye 7.
Taki
Da kyau ta yin amfani da takin gargajiya da ma’adinai, ba za ku iya ƙara yawan yawan cucumbers kawai ba, amma kuma ku hanzarta ripening. A karo na farko ana amfani da takin mai magani nan da nan bayan cucumbers sun yi fure – a wannan mataki, ana amfani da cakuda urea, potassium sulfate, superphosphate da sodium humate (1 tsp kowane bangare a kowace guga 1 na ruwa).
Na biyu da na gaba saman miya ne da za’ayi a lokacin samuwar ovaries da fruiting. A wannan lokacin, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da cakuda nitrophoska (1 tablespoon) da droppings tsuntsu diluted da ruwa (gilashin 1). Wadannan aka gyara an zuba tare da guga na ruwan dumi da kuma sakamakon abun da ke ciki yana cinyewa a cikin adadin 5 lita da 1 sq. saukowa mita. An ba da izinin maye gurbin bayani mai gina jiki na sama tare da shirye-shiryen hadaddun takin mai magani don amfanin gona na kayan lambu: Haihuwa, Fertika, Kokwamba Crystal.
Cututtuka da kwari
Cin zarafin tsarin ban ruwa, tare da stagnation na danshi a cikin ƙasa, na iya haifar da lalacewar powdery mildew zuwa cucumbers. Tare da wannan cuta, wurare masu yawa na launin toka mai datti suna farawa akan ganyen shuke-shuke. Yayin da cutar ta ci gaba, aibobi na iya ƙara girma, haɗuwa da juna. Ba tare da magani ba, wanda abin ya shafa …
