Cucumber kayan lambu ne na gargajiya kuma sananne. Da alama babu abin da zai ba shi mamaki. Amma, godiya ga aikin masu shayarwa, sabbin nau’ikan nau’ikan da ba a saba gani ba sun bayyana: fari da rawaya, ƙanƙanta kuma kawai gigantic…
Cucumbers sun bambanta
Mazauna rani suna farin cikin gwaji, gwada sababbin abubuwa a aikace. Masu karatunmu sun riga sun raba kwarewar su – a cikin bayanin kula da cucumbers masu launin da ba a saba da su ba da sharhi a kai, za ku iya koyan bayanai masu yawa masu amfani. Amma ko da wannan bai isa ga masu ilimin halitta marasa gajiyawa ba! Kuma a cikin lambuna suna zaune, ban da cucumbers na yau da kullun, danginsu masu ban sha’awa daga dangin Suman – melotria, trichozant, momordica da sauransu. Mu dan kara sanin su.
Kokwamba na kasar Sin
Ana kiran waɗannan cucumbers na Sinanci saboda asalinsu, tun da sun fito daga China, amma akwai ‘yan kaɗan daga cikinsu. Mafi shahara:
- ‘Macizan kasar Sin’;
- ‘Cutar China mai jurewa’;
- ‘Farin Sinanci’;
- ‘Gonar China F1’;
- ‘Ya’yan Sinanci masu dogon lokaci;
- ‘Mu’ujiza ta kasar Sin’.
Tushen cucumbers na kasar Sin na iya kaiwa kimanin mita 3,5 a tsayi, ‘ya’yan itatuwa (dangane da iri-iri) – 40-90 cm. Amma ba su yi mamakin girman girman su ba, amma tare da rashin fahimta a cikin noma da dandano mai kyau. Waɗannan cucumbers suna da amfani sosai, kwata-kwata ba su da ƙarfi, kusan kwari ba sa shafar su kuma kusan ba sa rashin lafiya.
Cucumbers na kasar Sin. Hoto daga reddogfarm.net
Ana shuka su daidai a cikin yanayin buɗe ƙasa kuma a cikin greenhouses ko greenhouses; ji daidai daidai da kyau a rana da kuma a cikin wani bangare na inuwa. Bugu da ƙari, ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, abu ɗaya kawai shine cewa dukkanin nau’in cucumbers na kasar Sin suna buƙatar tallafi, don haka suna girma da kyau, kuma ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna ba da siffar yau da kullum. In ba haka ba, ayyukan noma iri ɗaya sun shafi cucumbers na kasar Sin kamar na talakawa: ciyawar lokaci, shayarwa lokaci-lokaci, suturar sama, da sauransu, waɗanda zaku iya karantawa a cikin labarin Cucumber – asirin girma.
Cucumbers na kasar Sin suna ba da ‘ya’ya har sai sanyi na farko. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ba sa ɗaci kuma ana bambanta su da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, ɗanɗano mai daɗi da ƙamshi mai ban sha’awa, ɗan ƙaramin kankana. Af, akan ‘ya’yan cucumbers na kasar Sin ne rashin abinci mai gina jiki ke shafar nan da nan. Menene siffar kokwamba ta Sinawa ga mai lambu mai kula? Game da abubuwan gina jiki da shuka ya rasa:
- cucumbers suna samun siffar ƙugiya tare da rashin nitrogen;
- sun zama siriri sosai saboda rashin boron;
- ganye, rashin potassium, dauki nau’i mai siffar pear;
- rashin sinadarin calcium zai sa cucumbers mara dadi da kankanta.
Saboda haka, tushen ko foliar saman miya yana da kyau a yi shi akai-akai.
Tare da duk kyawawan halaye masu kyau, cucumbers na kasar Sin na nau’ikan iri daban-daban suna da koma baya guda ɗaya: ‘ya’yan itatuwansu suna bushewa da sauri, don haka yana da kyau a yi amfani da su sabo.
Armenian cucumbers
Wani nau’in kokwamba na Armeniya, wanda ya zo mana daga Asiya ta Tsakiya, yana da nau’ikan iri da yawa, waɗanda suka fi shahara sune:
- ‘Bogatyr White’;
- ‘Azurfa kankana’.
Duk nau’ikan kokwamba na Armenia suna girma da kyau duka a cikin buɗe ƙasa da a cikin greenhouses na fim. Halayen dandano na ‘ya’yan itatuwa, wanda nauyinsa zai iya kaiwa zuwa 1 kg kuma tsawonsa har zuwa 50 cm, ba su da faɗi fiye da na cucumbers na kasar Sin. Kuma ‘ya’yan itatuwa da kansu (ba tare da la’akari da iri-iri ba) an rufe su da farin-azurfa balaga.
Armenian kokwamba
Ƙunƙarar irin wannan cucumbers na iya kaiwa 4 m tsayi, don haka suna buƙatar gina goyon baya. Darajar cucumbers na Armenia ya ta’allaka ne a cikin ‘ya’yan itace na dogon lokaci, juriya ga cututtuka da matsanancin zafin jiki.
Italiyanci cucumbers
Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda yake a cikin Sinanci, ana kiran waɗannan cucumbers Italiyanci saboda ƙasar asali. An yi la’akari da ainihin mu’ujiza na zaɓi na Italiyanci, waɗannan cucumbers suna kama da kamannin Armeniya. Mafi mashahuri nau’in cucumbers na Italiyanci, waɗanda ake nomawa a tsakiyar layi: ‘Arbuzze’ (‘Tortorello’) da ‘Barrese’ (duka-duka-pollinated).
Nau’in ‘ya’yan itace ‘Arbuzze’ (‘Tortorello’) tare da launin kore mai haske da ribbing, na iya kaiwa 50 cm tsayi. Dandan ‘ya’yan itacen yana da ɗan dadi – wani abu tsakanin kokwamba da kankana.
Bambance-bambancen ‘Barrese’ shima yana da haƙarƙari mai faɗi, amma, ba kamar ‘Arbuzze’ iri-iri ba, ‘ya’yan itacensa suna da duhu kore a launi, wanda a hankali (yayin da yake girma) ya zama orange-yellow. Ta hanyar dandano da ƙanshi, ‘ya’yan itacen ‘Barrese’ iri-iri sun fi tunawa da guna.
Kokwamba-lemun tsami
Kokwamba-lemun tsami iri-iri ‘Crystal Apple’, Ba na jin tsoron wannan kalma, babban zane ne na masu shayarwa na Ingilishi. Bambance-bambancen iri-iri ne saboda yadda ‘ya’yan itatuwan da aka girka sun yi kama da kamanni da lemo, kodayake ba su da wani abu gama gari da wannan ‘ya’yan citrus a dandano.
Kokwamba-lemun tsami
Kokwamba-lemun tsami ya fi girma ta hanyar seedlings, yana da dumi sosai kuma yana son danshi. Tushen shuka yana iya kaiwa tsayin 6 m. Kuna iya ƙarin koyo game da shi ta hanyar karanta wannan bayanin kula mai amfani.
farin cucumbers
Ana kiran waɗannan cucumbers fari saboda sabon launi na ‘ya’yan itace. Mafi shahara iri:
- ‘Damisa dusar ƙanƙara’;
- ‘Amarya’;
- ‘Farin Mala’ika’;
- ‘Snow White’;
- ‘Fararen Zane Uku’;
- ‘Italian White’.
Farin cucumbers suna samar da dogon lashes. Sun dace da girma duka a waje da kuma a cikin greenhouse. Mai jure wa cututtuka, yana iya jure yanayin zafi – har zuwa +45 ° C, wanda ke sa su zama masu ban sha’awa musamman don girma a cikin yankuna masu zafi.
‘Ya’yan itãcen fari cucumbers sun kai tsayin 20 cm kawai, sun fi ɗanɗano dandano fiye da cucumbers na yau da kullun da ɗanɗano mai daɗi. Farin cucumbers suna girma da sauri, kiyaye wannan a hankali lokacin yanke shawarar shuka su.
Melotria m, ko mini-kokwamba
Melotria rough, ko mini-kokwamba, na da iyali guda kamar yadda aka saba kokwamba – Suman. Liana mai ɗanɗano ɗan ƙasa a Afirka, melotria a cikin layin tsakiya galibi ana girma ta hanyar tsiro, kuma kawai a matsayin shuka na shekara-shekara.
Don girma seedlings, ƙasa ƙasa substrate ya dace. Ƙananan ƙwayoyin melotria suna buƙatar a rufe su da ƙasa kaɗan kawai, idan an lura da mafi kyawun zafin jiki (kimanin + 25 … + 27 ° C), za su yi girma har tsawon kwanaki 5-7. Seedlings sauƙi jure wa dasawa, kuma a cikin ‘yan makonni kawai suna girma zuwa girman da ba a taɓa gani ba: suna iya kaiwa 3 m tsayi, don haka suna buƙatar tallafi. Af, a lokacin da dasa shuki melotria seedlings a cikin bude ƙasa, zaɓi musu mafi yawan rana yankin tare da sako-sako da ƙasa. Shayar da tsire-tsire aƙalla sau ɗaya kowane kwanaki 4-5, ciyar da kowane kwanaki 10-14, canza takin gargajiya da ma’adinai.
Melory
Melotria yana da daraja musamman ba don ɗanɗano ‘ya’yan itacensa ba, amma don bayyananniyar bayyanarsa da ado sosai: ganyen ganyen ganyen shuka ba sa rasa launi har zuwa kaka. Kodayake ‘ya’yan melotria, kama da ƙananan (1,5-2,5 cm) kankana, suna da kyau a ci. Don dandana, sun yi kama da cucumbers na yau da kullun kuma sun dace da ƙarin aiki: pickling da canning. Af, ‘ya’yan itatuwa na farko na melothria zasu bayyana a ranar 14-18th bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa.
Indiya kokwamba – momordica
Wani dangi mai ban mamaki na kokwamba shine momordica, ko kokwamba na Indiya. Tare da nasara, za ku iya girma momordica ba kawai a cikin filin bude ba, har ma a kan windowsill. Watakila, wannan ingancin ne kuma, ba shakka, bayyanar da tsire-tsire masu ban sha’awa wanda ya sa kwanan nan ya zama mega-sanannen lambu.
Kowa zai iya girma momordica, saboda ba shi da wahala ko kadan. Duk da haka, akwai wasu dabaru waɗanda dole ne a yi la’akari da su. Kafin shuka tsaba na momordica a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a tsoratar da su – kawai shafa kaifi na iri a kan takarda mai yashi. Bayan scarification, tsaba dole ne a disinfected (yadda za a yi daidai da aka bayyana dalla-dalla a cikin wannan labarin mai amfani).
Bayan maganin da aka riga aka shuka, ya kamata a sanya tsaba na momordica a cikin rigar riga-kafi ko takarda bayan gida kuma a sanya su a wuri mai dumi (tare da zafin jiki na kimanin +25 ° C), inda za su yi sauri. Ta hanyar ba da ɗan lokaci kaɗan don kula da tsaba na momordica ta wannan hanyar, zaku haɓaka haɓakarsu sosai.
Bayan gashin iri ya fashe, ana iya shuka shi a cikin tukwane na seedling. Ana siyan cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki don girma momordica a shirye-shiryen da aka yi, ko kuma an yi su da kansa ta hanyar haɗa kilogiram 10 (kimanin guga) na ƙasa daga lambun tare da kilogiram 10 na yashi da kilogiram 5 na ruɓaɓɓen ganye. Har sai tsaba suyi girma, ƙasa kada ta bushe, don haka a tabbata cewa koyaushe yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan.
Momordica
Tun da momordica tsire-tsire ne mai son zafi, ya kamata a dasa shi a cikin bude ƙasa ba a farkon rabin na biyu na Mayu. Mun dasa matasa, har yanzu m shuke-shuke tare da clod na duniya, don haka kamar yadda ba su lalata m tushen. Bayan dasawa, kowane mako 2-3 muna ciyar da momordica tare da maganin yisti mai gina jiki, diluting 10 g na yisti a cikin lita 1 na ruwa.
Lokaci kaɗan zai shuɗe bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, kuma momordica zai gode muku don kulawar da ta dace tare da kyan gani na kayan ado, furanni masu launin rawaya masu launin jasmine, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan – ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu kama da kyan gani.
‘Ya’yan itãcen momordica sune tuberous, yayin da suke girma, suna canza launi – daga duhu kore zuwa orange mai haske. Amma wannan ba shine kawai fasalin su ba. Babban asirin ‘ya’yan itatuwa momordica yana cikin siffar su, wanda ke canzawa yayin da suke girma. Lokacin da suka girma, sai su buɗe kuma su yi kama da kada da ya buɗe bakinsa, wanda daga cikinsa ƙwaya mai haske ke fitowa, an lulluɓe shi da ɓangaren litattafan almara kamar jelly. Af, yana da irin wannan kama mai ban mamaki cewa momordica kuma ana kiransa “kokwamba-crocodile”.
Trichozant – kokwamba serpentine
Wani wakilin kabewa shine trichozant, sau da yawa ana kiransa kokwamba serpentine. A cikin ƙasashen kudu maso gabashin Asiya, ana noma shi azaman amfanin gona na kayan lambu. Har yanzu ba a rarraba shi a cikin ƙasarmu ba, amma yawancin masoya masu ban sha’awa suna farin cikin girma irin wannan cucumbers a kan mãkirci. Trichosanth yana da daraja ba kawai don bayyanarsa mai ban sha’awa ba, har ma don rashin fahimta, da kuma juriya ga cututtuka da kwari.
Trichozant
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari na Trichosanth na cylindrical na iya kaiwa tsayin 1.2 m. Amma ba kawai girman abin mamaki ba ne: ‘ya’yan itatuwansa suna murƙushe kamar macizai, kuma yayin da suke girma, suna canza launin su daga kore zuwa ja-orange mai haske. Furen kuma suna kama da sabon abu: suna kama da matsakaici (har zuwa 4 cm a diamita) dusar ƙanƙara mara nauyi.
Ganin cewa trichozant yana da zafi sosai, yana da kyau a shuka shi ta hanyar seedlings. Ana shuka iri a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Mayu a cikin ƙasa ɗaya kamar yadda ake shuka cucumbers. Seedlings ana shuka su a wuri na dindindin a farkon Yuni. A cikin layi na tsakiya, ana iya girma kawai a cikin greenhouses, amma ba a cikin bude ƙasa ba – ku tuna lokacin da za ku yanke shawarar samun irin wannan sha’awar.
Tladianta shakku – ja kokwamba
Liana mai tsayi na shekara-shekara, wanda ya kai tsayin mita 5, tladianta mai ban mamaki ya fito ne daga ƙasashen kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Itacen yana da ganye masu siffar zuciya mai launin kore mai haske da furanni masu launin rawaya masu haske, suna lulluɓe ga itacen inabi. Suna fure a duk lokacin rani, a zahiri suna tunawa da tulips.
A wurin furanni, ƙananan ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna samuwa a tsawon lokaci, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don adanawa da gishiri, amma sai sun kai 15 cm kuma sun fara canza launi. Da zaran ‘ya’yan itãcen Tladianta na dubious sun yi girma kuma suka zama ja, suna da daɗi sosai, kuma suna fara yin jam daga gare su.
Tladant
Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne don cimma ‘ya’yan itace, musamman a farkon shekara ta rayuwar shuka, a cikin yanayin Tsakiyar Tsakiya: tsire-tsire mata suna tasowa a ƙarshen, sakamakon abin da ‘ya’yan itatuwa kawai ba su da lokacin yin girma. Bugu da kari, a cikin mahaifar, tladiantu yana gurbata da kwari da ba mu da su. Don haka sai dai itace cewa ana tilasta masu lambun gida don aiwatar da pollination da hannu.
Propagated ba kawai ta tsaba, amma kuma da tubers cewa kama dankali. Ƙananan tsaba na tladianta (girman su ya fi karami …
