Kokwamba: asirin girma

Kokwamba yana daya daga cikin tsoffin kayan lambu da suka shahara. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin ‘yan kayan lambu da ake ci ba tare da cikakke ba – mafi girma da ƙananan ‘ya’yan itatuwa, mafi dadi.

A kore da karami da cucumbers, da tastier su ne.

Mutane sun fara noman cucumber sosai a zamanin da, kimanin shekaru dubu shida da suka gabata, kamar yadda aka samu a kusa da kango na birnin Khazar na Sarkepa, inda aka samu busasshen tsaba na kokwamba. Girkawa sun kira wannan kayan lambu “aguros”, wanda ke nufin “marasa girma da rashin girma”, wanda shine inda sunan ya fito – kokwamba. An kawo shi Turai daga Indiya, inda kakanninsa ke girma – kokwamba na daji – liana na wurare masu zafi tare da dogon bulala da ke girma a cikin gandun daji.

Noma na cucumbers

Cucumbers za a iya girma duka biyu seedling da seedless. Suna da hankali ga sanyi, kuma kyakkyawan germination ya dogara da yanayin ƙasa – ya kamata ya zama aƙalla + 14 ° C.

Kuna iya shuka cucumbers duka a cikin seedlings kuma ta hanyar shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa.

Ana iya shuka cucumbers cikin nasara a cikin nau’ikan ƙasa iri-iri tare da isasshen iska da magudanar ruwa, kodayake sun fi girma a cikin haske, ƙasa mai arzikin humus. Kwarewar masu lambu da yawa sun nuna cewa sun amsa da kyau ga aikace-aikacen takin gargajiya daban-daban waɗanda ke inganta tsarin ƙasa. Kada ku shuka cucumbers a wuri guda fiye da sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 1, in ba haka ba za su kasance masu saurin kamuwa da cututtuka. Mafi kyawun magabata sune masara, tumatir, wake da dankalin farko. Lokacin girma cucumbers, suna buƙatar a ba su akai-akai tare da abubuwan gina jiki daban-daban.

Seedling namo

Wannan hanyar namo yana sa ya yiwu a hanzarta haɓaka fruiting. Don haka, a cikin filin buɗe ido, ana iya samun amfanin gona na farko na cucumbers da aka shuka ta hanyar seedlings makonni 2 a baya fiye da waɗanda aka girma ta hanyar da aka saba. A lokacin dasa shuki, tsire-tsire ya kamata su sami ganye na gaske 3-4, wato, zama makonni 2-3.

A seedling Hanyar girma zai muhimmanci bugun sama fruiting

Don shuka seedlings na cucumber, kuna buƙatar:
1. Take cikakken jiki manyan tsaba waɗanda suka yi dumama dumama (don haka kuna buƙatar riƙe su tsawon wata ɗaya kusa da na’urorin dumama a zazzabi na kusan +25 ° C). Kwayoyin da aka yi zafi ta wannan hanya za su ba da mafi kyawun tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire za su fara ba da ‘ya’ya a baya kuma za su samar da furanni marasa fure.
2. Sa’an nan kuma dole ne a lalata tsaba: don wannan, zaka iya amfani da jiko na ɓangaren litattafan almara na tafarnuwa – 100 g na ɓangaren litattafan almara da 30 ml na ruwa (sanyi). Rike tsaba a cikin wannan jiko na 1 hour.
3. Bayan haka, sanya su a cikin jaka na zane da jiƙa na tsawon sa’o’i 12 a cikin wani bayani mai gina jiki: 1 lita na ruwa + 1 teaspoon na sifted itace ash da nitrophoska.
4. Sa’an nan kuma, kurkura da ruwa mai tsabta, sanya su a kan wani danshi mai laushi kuma ajiye su a zazzabi na +2 ° C na kimanin kwanaki 20 – har sai sun kumbura gaba daya. Tabbatar cewa tsaba ba su girma ba, ya kamata su dan kadan peck.
5. Mataki na ƙarshe na sarrafa tsaba na kokwamba kafin shuka shi ne sanya su a cikin firiji don kwana ɗaya.

Ka tuna: tsaba na hybrids ba sa bukatar pre-shuka magani.

Ana shuka tsaba na cucumbers a cikin ƙananan kwantena

Shuka tsaba kokwambadon samun seedlings, a cikin watan Afrilu – a cikin ƙananan kwantena kimanin 10-12 cm tsayi.

• Ya kamata a shirya cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki a gaba: 1 part sawdust (muna amfani da kanana da tsofaffi) + 2 sassa kowane humus da peat. Don lita 10 na wannan cakuda, ƙara 1,5 tbsp. spoons na nitrophoska da 2 tbsp. cokali na itace toka.
• Bayan an haxa cakuda ƙasa da kyau, sai a cika kwantenan sama da ita, a shuka ɗigon tsaba (guda ɗaya a kowace akwati) sannan a shayar da su kaɗan. Seedlings za su kasance a shirye a cikin kwanaki 27-32.
• Lokacin da tsire-tsire suna da ganye na gaskiya guda 2, dole ne a ciyar da shi tare da bayani na musamman: haxa lita 3 na dumi (kimanin +20 ° C) ruwa + teaspoons 3 na nitroammophoska ko nitrophoska.
• A duk tsawon lokacin girma, ana shayar da tsire-tsire kokwamba sau ɗaya a mako, yana zubar da akwati gaba ɗaya.

Shuka da dasa shuki seedlings na cucumbers

Mafi kyawun ƙasa zai zama cakuda: 1 part sawdust, humus, peat da soddy ƙasa (1: 1: 1: 1: 1). Amma, kamar yadda muka fada, kusan kowace ƙasa ta dace da girma cucumbers.

Kusan kowace ƙasa ta dace da girma cucumbers

Bayan kafa gadaje, muna shayar da su da wani bayani: 10 lita na zafi (+80 … + 90 ° C) ruwa + 1 teaspoon na jan karfe sulfate, muna ciyar da game da lita 3 a kowace 1 m², kuma mu bar kwana ɗaya. A ranar dasa shuki kokwamba ko shuka tsaba a kan ridges, muna yin ramuka, wanda zurfinsa ya kai kusan 4 cm, tare da nisa na kusan 60 cm daga juna. Mun sanya tsaba a cikin ramuka, yayyafa da ƙasa a saman da ruwa, kuma mu dasa tsire-tsire a tsaye.

Kulawa

Ya kamata a kiyaye gadaje kokwamba a koyaushe ba tare da ciyawa ba. A cikin makonni 3 na farko, yayin da tsire-tsire suke ƙanana, a hankali sassauta ƙasa zuwa zurfin 2-4 cm. A nan gaba, ya kamata a yi sassautawa aƙalla sau ɗaya a mako.

A lokacin girma da samuwar ‘ya’yan itatuwa, cucumbers suna bukata ruwa mai yawa. Don mafi kyawun amfanin gona, ban ruwa da amfani ruwan dumi: kafin flowering – kowane kwanaki 6-8, a lokacin fruiting – kowane kwanaki 3-4.

Ba za ku iya shayar da cucumbers ta wannan hanya ba: ruwa ya kamata ya fada a ƙasa, kuma ba a kan tsire-tsire ba.

Idan ruwan ba ya gani da kyau, yi huda tsakanin layuka tare da farar fata, irin wannan sassautawa ba zai dame tushen tsarin tsire-tsire ba. Kada a shayar da cucumbers da jet mai ƙarfi daga tiyoKuna buƙatar ruwa kawai ƙasa, kuma ba tsire-tsire da kansu ba.

Ƙarin hadi

Idan kuna girma cucumbers a cikin greenhouse, ya kamata a yi suturar saman sau 5 a kowace kakar – tare da takin gargajiya da ma’adinai.

Cucumbers suna buƙatar ciyarwa akai-akai

• A karo na farko, muna ciyar da cucumbers a farkon furen su tare da bayani mai zuwa: ƙara teaspoon 10 na urea, potassium sulfate da superphosphate zuwa lita 1 na ruwa, haɗuwa kuma ƙara gilashin mushy mullein. Maimakon gilashin mullein, zaka iya ɗaukar 1 tbsp. cokali na sodium humate.

• A lokacin lokacin ‘ya’yan itacen cucumbers da aka girma a cikin ƙasa buɗe, suna buƙatar ciyar da su kusan sau 4. Muna yin suturar farko ta farko tare da bayani wanda ya ƙunshi lita 10 na ruwa, Art. spoons na nitrophoska da gilashin mushy kaza taki. Kuma duk masu zuwa kamar haka: ƙara 10 teaspoon na potassium sulfate da 1 lita na mullein zuwa 0.5 lita na ruwa, 1-4 lita na bayani za a bukata da 6 m². Idan babu zuriyar dabbobi da mullein, za a iya sauƙi maye gurbinsu tare da abun da ke ciki “Breadwinner”, “Furtility”, “Ideal” (duk da su ne na halitta humic da takin mai magani) ko kawai sodium humate.

Ana nuna tsarin ciyar da cucumbers a filin budewa a cikin bidiyo mai zuwa:

Kulawar cucumber shine a tying harbe tsire-tsire, waɗanda dole ne a aiwatar da su akai-akai – yayin da suke girma.

Bayan samuwar ganye 6-7, babban tushe na kokwamba ya kamata tsunkuleta wannan hanyar za ku motsa reshe na shuka kuma ku ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Kar ka manta game da tarin ‘ya’yan itatuwa na yau da kullum (sau 2-3 a mako), zai taimaka wajen samar da ‘ya’yan itace da yawa.

Cucumber hybrids don bude ƙasa

Akwai da yawa iri da hybrids na cucumbers kowace shekara. A lokaci guda, abubuwan da suke da su suna sabuntawa sosai a kowace shekara – an ba da fifiko ga farkon, mai kyau, mai tsayayya ga cututtuka daban-daban.

Cucumber hybrids don bude ƙasa

Ka tuna cewa duk F1 hybrids ba sa riƙe da keɓaɓɓen kaddarorin su a cikin ƙarni na biyu, wato, babu ma’ana a tattara tsaba.

‘Manoma F1’

Tsarin kudan zuma mai girma a tsakiyar kakar wasa tare da nau’in furen mace galibi, mai juriya mai sanyi, mai juriya ga powdery da mildew mai ƙasa da zaitun. Cucumbers ‘Manomi F1’ ana shuka su a cikin karewa da buɗe ƙasa. Koren ‘ya’yan itace ya kai 12 cm. Dapeculiarity na wannan matasan ne m girma na babban lash da kuma m bayyanar gefen harbe, tare da ci gaban da ganiya na taro fruiting fara.

‘Othello F1’

Matasa na farko na musamman: ripening na kananan-tubercular ‘ya’yan itatuwa fara riga kwanaki 45 bayan harbe sun bayyana.

Cucumbers ba tare da haushi suna da kyau don amfani da sabo ba.

Crispy gherkins ‘Othello F1’ suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗi (har ma ‘ya’yan itatuwa da suka fi girma suna da daɗi) kuma ba su da ɗaci. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari na iya riƙe kyakkyawan dandano da gabatarwa na dogon lokaci. Resistance zuwa powdery mildew, kokwamba mosaic virus, downy mildew da cladosporiosis. Ana horar da matasan ba kawai a cikin bude ƙasa ba, har ma a cikin greenhouses, da kuma yin amfani da matsugunan fim na wucin gadi.

‘Regina F1’

Matasan tsakiyar kakar wasa. Ana amfani dashi don girma a ƙarƙashin matsugunan fim na wucin gadi da kuma a cikin buɗe ƙasa. Mai yiwuwa ga parthenocarpy, wanda ke da tsayayya ga ƙwayoyin cuta na mosaic kokwamba, rot rot, powdery (gaskiya) raɓa pathogens da cladosporiosis. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari kuma ba su da ɗaci kuma ana bambanta su da kyakkyawan dandano, suna girma kamar kwanaki 50-55 bayan germination.

‘Leandro F1’

Wani wuri ne mai girma da haɓaka matasan, mai jure yanayin damuwa da cututtuka daban-daban. An bambanta shi da nau’in furen mace, saboda abin da ya ba da ‘ya’ya da kyau. Cucumbers tare da manyan pimples suna da kyau don pickling.

Hybrids cucumber don ƙasa mai karewa

IN na farko sanya kudan zuma-pollinated: don samun ‘ya’yan itatuwa, ana buƙatar pollination ta kwari.

‘Octopus F1’

Samar da farkon nau’in gherkin matasan. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da duhu kore, ƙaya, waɗanda ba su da ɗaci, sun kai tsayin 5-10 cm.

Kudan zuma pollinated hybrids bukatar kwari pollinators

‘Octopus F1’ yana da juriya ga bacteriosis, cladosporiosis kuma yana da juriya ga tushen rot da mildew.

‘Spring F1’

Matasan tsakiyar kakar wasa. Tsawon babban lasha yana da kusan 3 m, tare da reshe na matsakaici. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne cylindrical, tare da santsi tushe, dan kadan tuberculate, ba tare da haushi. A cikin bunch guda, ‘ya’yan itatuwa 3-4 suna samuwa a lokaci guda, yawan ganye ya kai 100 g.

‘Zozulya F1’

Farkon maturing matasan, parthenocarpic partenocarpic. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari yana faruwa kwanaki 45-50 bayan harbe-harbe sun bayyana. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne cylindrical, da wuya tuberculate, ba tare da haushi, 13-25 cm tsawo. Har zuwa 1 kg na cucumbers an cire daga 25 m².

A ciki na biyu Sashen ya haɗa da nau’ikan nau’ikan parthenocarpic waɗanda ke saita ‘ya’yan itace ba tare da pollination ta kwari ba.

Hybrids cucumber don ƙasa mai karewa

Mun zabi mafi kyawun mafi kyau.

‘Korolek F1’

Farko: fruiting yana faruwa a farkon kwanaki 43-55 bayan harbe-harbe. Zelentsy manyan-tuberous, cylindrical a siffar, 20-22 cm tsayi, yin la’akari 150-190 g. Kyakkyawan dandano (ba tare da haushi ba), dace da duka sabo da amfani da canning. Yana da alaƙa da juriya mai rikitarwa ga ascochitosis, mildew powdery, tabo mai launin ruwan kasa da mildew downy.

‘Prestige F1’

Kai pollinating farkon maturing super-samar da samar da matasan matasan. Tare da fasahar aikin gona da ta dace, daga 1 m² za ku iya samun fiye da kilogiram 25 na kyawawan gherkins masu inganci: ‘ya’yan itatuwa ba su da ɗaci, ana adana su na dogon lokaci.

Parthenocarpic hybrids ba sa bukatar pollination da kwari.

An bambanta shi da dogon lokaci na ‘ya’yan itace, ban da haka, yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka, kuma yana sauƙin jure yanayin damuwa. Yana ba da mafi kyawun amfanin gona a ƙarƙashin fim. Zai iya girma da kyau ba kawai a cikin buɗe ƙasa ba, har ma a baranda ko windowsill.