An yi imanin cewa kowa ya san yadda ake girma cucumbers kuma babu wani abu mai rikitarwa game da shi. Koyaya, don samun girbi mai kyau na ganye masu inganci, har yanzu kuna gwadawa. Yana da kyau a yi la’akari da halaye na al’ada, da kuma sauraron shawarar kwararrun masana agronomist.
Cucumbers a cikin filin bude. Hoto: Gavrish
Ana amfani da cucumbers sabo ne a cikin lokaci na fasaha na fasaha – 7-12-day ganye, don haka yana da mahimmanci cewa suna da lafiya kuma suna da dandano mai kyau da bayyanar. Yarda da cewa taushi, ƙugiya, ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu ɗaci ba su dace da salad ko pickling ba. Don kauce wa irin waɗannan matsalolin, kuna buƙatar sanin ilimin halitta na shuka daki-daki, zaɓi nau’ikan da suka dace kuma ku bi ayyukan noma sosai.
Lokacin seedling: muna lissafin lokacin shuka
Cucumber yana daya daga cikin amfanin gona masu son zafi, amma saboda girmansa, ana iya shuka shi ta hanyar shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa kuma ta hanyar tsiro. Idan kuna son samun girbi na farko a cikin yanayin ɗan gajeren lokacin rani, ba za ku iya yin ba tare da seedlings ba.
Seedling na cucumbers. Hoto: Gavrish
Babban haske da dogon lokaci shine tushen samun kayan shuka mai inganci. An tilasta mazaunan bazara su yi amfani da sills taga, verandas, baranda don girma seedlings. Yana da kyau a shirya akwatunan seedling a gefen kuduamma sau da yawa babu zabi.
Muhimmanci sosai daidai lissafin lokacin shuka tsabadon kada shukar ta yi girma ko ta kasance ƙarƙashin girma. Lokacin shuka don kokwamba seedlings ya dogara da lokacin saukarsa a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ko greenhouse. A wannan lokacin, kuna buƙatar samun seedlings na shekaru mafi kyau duka. Late shuka yana haifar da jinkiri a cikin ci gaba da kuma tilasta yin amfani da tsire-tsire waɗanda ba su girma ba don dasa shuki, kuma da wuri – shimfidawa.
Yana da al’ada don shuka tsire-tsire masu kwanaki 20-25 a cikin ƙasa bayan bazara sanyi, kuma ciwon sanyi na ƙarshe a tsakiyar Rasha yana faruwa a farkon watan Yuni – har zuwa kwanaki 8-10. Idan an shirya shuka cucumbers a cikin greenhouses na fim ko a ƙarƙashin kayan sutura masu kyau, to yana farawa a baya – a tsakiyar watan Mayu. Wannan yana nufin cewa yakamata a fara shuka iri don seedlings a cikin shekaru goma na biyu ko na uku na Afrilu.
Zabar iri da kuma hybrids na cucumbers
Gogaggen lambu, ba shakka, sun riga sun zaɓi nau’ikan da suka dace ko hybrids don kansu kuma sun adana tsaba.
Iri ‘Ambassador’ daga kamfanin noma “Gavrish”
Idan ba ku da lokacin yin wannan, ga wasu shawarwari daga masana aikin gona na kamfanin Gavrish:
- Ga masu so duniya, cucumbers marasa matsala a kowane yanayi (don pickling, pickling, sabo amfani), ya kamata ku kula da parthenocarpic hybrids na kokwamba, kamar ‘F1 Midget’, ‘F1 Emerald Earrings’, ‘F1 Red Mullet’, ‘F1 Garland’, ‘F1 Zyatek’,’ F1 surukai’, ‘F1 Shchedryk’ – galibin nau’in furen mata kuma tare da samuwar furen amfanin gona. Parthenocarpic ko pollinating hybrids ba sa bukatar pollinators, samar da dama ovaries a kowane kumburi, sun fi dacewa da mu “marasa tsinkaya” yanayin kuma suna da tsayayya ga yawancin cututtuka. Kuna iya koya game da wasu daga cikinsu daga labarin Mafi-mafi: mafi kyawun hybrids na cucumbers daga kamfanin aikin gona na Gavrish.
- Ga masoya classic pickled cucumbers tare da duhu spikes dace hybrids ‘F1 Farm’, ‘F1 Pososhok’, ‘F1 Cellar’, ‘F1 Ambassador’, ‘F1 Zashka’ tare da wani babban mataki na jikewa da mata furanni. Wadannan hybrids sun dace da noman waje, suna da tsawon lokacin ‘ya’yan itace kuma ba za su bari ko da mazauna rani na farko ba.
Ana shirya tsaba don shuka
Bayan zabar iri-iri ko matasan don makircinsa, mai lambu ya kamata ya kula da tsaba. Mun riga mun faɗi fiye da sau ɗaya cewa ya kamata a sayi iri daga sanannun kamfanoni masu daraja don kada a sami matsala tare da girbi a nan gaba. Masu kera suna ba da garantin ingancin kayan iri kuma suna kawo kasuwa kawai mafi kyawun iri da hybrids waɗanda aka gwada fiye da sau ɗaya kuma sun sami bita mai kyau daga masu siye.
Tsaba cucumbers daga kamfanin “Gavrish”
A cikin 1 g na tsaba kokwamba – daga 40 zuwa 85 guda, dangane da iri-iri da nau’in iri. Kafin shuka, dole ne su iri, zaɓar manyan, cikakke, ba rauni. Kuma m, karya da mummuna – jefar. Kokwamba tsaba kasance mai yiwuwa ga shekaru 6-8, kuma tsaba masu shekaru uku da hudu sun fi amfani.
Lokacin da aka shuka a gida, ana iya shuka iri, duk da haka, ana bi da su ko kuma a datse tsaba (suna masu launin) ya kamata a shuka su bushe sannan a shayar da su sosai.
Nasihar agronomist
- Ruwan tsaba kokwamba, barkono, tumatir da sauran amfanin gona taba jikewa, saboda a lokacin lokacin jiƙa, ana wanke encrustation daga gare su tare da takin mai magani, magungunan kashe qwari, kuma bayan shuka sun kasance ba su da kariya daga cututtukan cututtuka daban-daban da kwari. Ya kamata a shuka waɗannan tsaba bushewa.
- Lokacin da aka jika tsaba a cikin ruwa canza shi kowane 5-6 hours. Kada a ajiye tsaba a cikin ruwa fiye da sa’o’i 24 a jere!
- Lokacin jiƙa tsaba a cikin gauze, akan takarda tace saka idanu da danshi na waɗannan kayan (bayan haka, ko da ɗan gajeren lokaci da bushewa kaɗan zai haifar da mutuwar tsaba) da kuma wanke sau da yawa a cikin ruwa don guje wa fermentation kuma hana tsaba daga zama m.
- Kuna iya jiƙa tsaba na cucumbers a cikin sabon shiri “Baktofit” (daga tushen rot) na tsawon sa’o’i 3-6, sannan bushewa. Ko kuma na tsawon sa’o’i 2 a cikin maganin “Alirin B” + “Gamair” – don magance cututtukan fungal.
Shuka tsaba da kuma kula da seedlings
Cucumbers ba sa jure wa dasawasaboda haka, ana shuka tsaba da aka shirya kai tsaye a cikin gilashin – peat, filastik, daga fim mai kauri ba tare da kasa ba – tare da diamita na 8-10 cm da tsayi iri ɗaya, tare da ƙarar 0,5-0,8 lita. Abincin abinci mai gina jiki fada barci a cikin tukwane 1 cm a ƙasa da gefen. Kuna iya saya shi a kantin sayar da ko yin shi da kanku. Aiwatar da gaurayawan abubuwan da ke biyo baya (a cikin sassa):
- peat – 5-7, humus – 3;
- humus – 1, turf ko gonar lambu – 2;
- peat – 5, humus – 1, sawdust – 1;
- humus – 4, sod ƙasar – 2, sawdust – 1;
- peat – 6, turf ko gonar lambu – 1, humus – 1, mullein – 1;
- peat na ƙasa – 3, ƙasa soddy – 2, ruɓaɓɓen takin daga sharar gida, ragowar shuka da sharar gida – 4, sawdust ko yashi mara kyau – 1.
Ana iya samun zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don cakuda ƙasa; kowane mazaunin bazara yana da nasa girke-girke wanda aka tabbatar a cikin shekaru.
An zubar da cakuda tare da ruwan dumi, an yi rami mai zurfi 1,5-2,0 cm a tsakiyar gilashi, 2 germinated ko busassun tsaba ana shuka su kuma an rufe su da ƙasa. Bayan shuka, ana sake shayar da tukwane da ruwa, amma a hankali don kada a wanke tsaba. Rufe tare da fim kuma kula da zazzabi na + 25 … + 28 ° C har sai germination. Lokacin da harbe suka bayyana, an cire tsari kuma an rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa + 18 … + 20 ° C.
Kuna buƙatar sanin waɗannan abubuwa:
- Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don shuka iri shine + 25 ° C. A ƙananan yanayin zafi, gashin iri ya kumbura kuma ya ruɓe.
- Lokacin da aka shuka a cikin ƙasa yana dumama har zuwa +20 ° C, seedlings suna bayyana bayan kwanaki 5, har zuwa +15 + 18 ° C – bayan kwanaki 10.
- Lokacin dasawa na seedlings yana da mahimmanci don kula da zafin jiki na + 20 … + 25 ° C a rana da + 18 … + 20 ° C – da dare. Bambanci tsakanin yanayin iska na dare da rana yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan tsarin tushen tsarin kuma yana ƙarfafa haɓakar haɓakar shuka.
Seedlings na cucumbers a cikin lokaci na cotyledon ganye. Hoto: Gavrish
A lokacin noman seedlings, sau 1-2 yayyafa ƙasa ko cakuda mai gina jiki a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire da gudanar da manyan sutura:
- Na farko – a lokacin samuwar ganye na gaskiya na 2 (5-10 g na ammonium nitrate da lita 10 na ruwa).
- Don haɓaka juriya na sanyi na seedlings, yakamata a yi suturar sama ta biyu kafin dasa shuki: 15-30 g na potassium sulfate da 40-60 g na superphosphate da lita 10 na ruwa.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa shayar da cucumbers tare da ruwan sanyi (a ƙasa da zafin jiki) zai haifar da mutuwar tushen gashi da mutuwar dukan shuka.
Ana samun tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi ta hanyar shayar da tsire-tsire tare da maganin 0,15% na hadadden takin ma’adinai. Wannan ba zai haifar da “kitse” na tsire-tsire ba, akasin haka, za su zama mafi ƙanƙanta, mai ƙarfi, tare da tsarin tushen aiki. Idan ya zama dole don jinkirta ranar dasa shuki na kwanaki da yawa, wajibi ne a rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa +17 … + 18 ° C a rana da + 15 … + 16 ° C da dare. Bugu da kari, bushe da substrate ko shayar da seedlings tare da mafi girma taro taki bayani (0,25-0,30%).
Muna kare seedlings na cucumbers daga cututtuka
Seedlings ya kamata a leveled, wanda tabbatar da uniform girma da kuma ci gaban shuke-shuke bayan dasa. Rarrauna, tsire-tsire masu banƙyama, tsire-tsire tare da tsarin tushen rauni suna watsar da su. Matsakaicin tsire-tsire ya kamata ya zama squat, tare da gajerun internodes, 25-30 cm tsayi, tare da 5-6 na gaskiya kore kore ganye da ingantaccen tsarin tushen.
Nasihar agronomist
- A cikin kashi 2-4 na ganye na gaskiya, muna fesa da Farmiod (2 ml a kowace lita 10 na ruwa) kuma mu zubar da tsire-tsire tare da maganin 0,15% Fitolavin (15 ml da lita 10 na ruwa).
- Maimaita jiyya tare da “Pharmaid” (3 ml da 10 l na ruwa) da “Fitolavin” (20 ml da lita 10 na ruwa) za a buƙaci kwanaki 10-14 bayan dasa shuki a wuri na dindindin.
- Kwanaki 5-7 kafin dasa shuki, tsire-tsire sun fara taurare, suna fitar da su cikin sararin samaniya (balcony) ko iska a cikin dakin.
Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa
Mun riga mun yanke shawarar game da kimanin kwanakin dasa shuki seedlings, a nan da yawa ya dogara da yanayin yanayi da kuma samun mafaka don tsire-tsire. Amma kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a shirya ƙasa – dole ne a yi amfani da takin da ya dace da shi.
Nasihar agronomist
- A cikin kaka muna amfani: 40-50 g / m² na superphosphate biyu, 20-30 g / m² na potassium sulfate, takin gargajiya – 7-10 kg / m²;
- A cikin bazara: takin gargajiya a cikin ramuka (idan ba a yi amfani da shi a cikin kaka ba), takin nitrogen – 10-15 g / m², potassium da phosphorus – idan ba a yi amfani da su a cikin kaka ba.
Wani muhimmin batu kafin dasa shuki seedlings – sufuri. Domin rage yawan asara a lokacin sufuri, ya zama dole daina shayar da rana kafin. Abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa na kyallen takarda za su zama ƙasa da ƙasa, tsire-tsire za su kasance masu ƙarfi, marasa ƙarfi. Wajibi ne a sanya seedlings a cikin akwati don sufuri (akwatin, akwati) sosai don kada tsire-tsire ba su motsawa da yardar kaina, kada su fadi. Idan sanyi lokacin sufuri, ana iya sanya kwalban ruwan zafi a cikin akwatin don dumama tsire-tsire da samar musu da ƙarin tsari.
Zaɓin tsarin saukowa
Kafin dasa shuki seedlings, abu na farko da za a yanke shawara akan wurin shine tsarin shuka. Zaɓin mafi kyawun ƙimar tsayi yana da mahimmanci. A cikin greenhouses marasa zafi, ana bada shawarar shuka har zuwa tsire-tsire 3 a kowace 1 m². Kuna iya sanya su a cikin lambun a cikin layi ɗaya ko biyu, yayin da nisa tsakanin layin ya kamata ya zama kusan 40-50 cm, amma nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire a cikin layin za’a iya ƙaddara ta kanku, dangane da yanki na yanki. greenhouse.
Cucumbers a cikin wani greenhouse. Hoto: Gavrish
Nasihar agronomist
Misali, a cikin wani greenhouse tare da wani yanki na 20 m² tare da dasa yawa na 3 inji mai kwakwalwa / m², ana sanya tsire-tsire 60. A cikin greenhouse akwai gadaje 2 a cikin layuka biyu – wato, layi 4 tare da tsire-tsire. Wannan yana nufin cewa kowanne ya ƙunshi tsire-tsire 15. Bari mu ce tsawon greenhouse yana da 8 m, wanda ke nufin cewa nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire a jere yana kusan 50 cm. Kuna iya dasa tsire-tsire a cikin layuka da ke kusa a cikin tsarin checkerboard, wanda zai sauƙaƙe kulawa da yanayin haske.
A kan ramukan da aka yi alama, yana da daraja tono ramuka don girman kwandon seedling. Idan ba a yi amfani da takin zamani a gaba ba, to yanzu ne lokacin da za a gyara lamarin, musamman ga kwayoyin halitta. Ya kamata a zubar da rijiyoyin da kyau, amma ba …
