Downy mildew, ko peronosporosis, yana haifar da yawancin nau’in oomycete pseudofungi daga dangin Peronospora. Ganyayyaki, harbe, pedicels, receptacles, da wuya buds da furanni suna shafar.
Haɓaka mildew mai ƙasa a cikin yanayin buɗe ƙasa ana sauƙaƙe ta hanyar ƙarancin iska na dare (a ƙasa +10 ºC) tare da yanayin zafi mai zuwa na rana. Musamman – tare da ruwan sama mai ɗorewa, raɓa, ko, alal misali, a wuraren da ɗigon ruwa ke fadowa daga rufin ginin, wanda yakan faru a cikin bazara ko a watan Agusta – Satumba. A ƙarƙashin yanayi masu kyau ga ƙwayoyin cuta, yaduwar cutar na iya faruwa, da farko akan nau’ikan marasa ƙarfi. Idan yanayi na sporulation da kamuwa da cuta ba su da kyau, bayyanar cututtuka na bazara na iya zama maras muhimmanci. A lokacin bushe da zafi, ci gaban cutar yana raguwa sosai har ma yana tsayawa. Downy mildew yana tasowa da ƙarfi akan ƙasa mai nauyi.
A causative wakili na peronosporosis ya dage (overwinters) na dogon lokaci a cikin abin da ya faru harbe da fadi ganye. Wasu nau’ikan ƙwayoyin cuta na peronosporosis na iya dagewa a cikin ƙwayoyin da suka kamu (misali, a hagu da viola) ko kwararan fitila da tushensu.
Ƙungiyar haɗari don mildew mai ƙasa
Daga cikin tsire-tsire masu furanni na ornamental, mildew downy ya fi sauƙi ga: Anemone, marigold, viola, carnation, gloxinia, zaki da wake, hydrangea, calceolaria, levkoy, manta-ni-not, primrose, salvia, chrysanthemum, cineraria, zinnia.. I Rose nau’in shayi-hybrid sun fi shafa sosai; a cikin wardi na daji, ana ganin cutar kare ya tashi (Kani ya tashi). Cutar na iya shiga cikin shafin daga daji fure kwatangwalo.
Na shuke-shuken noma, mafi munin lalacewa yana haifar da: kankana, inabi, kankana, Peas, Albasa, kokwamba, Rapeseed, radish, letas, latas, horseradish, alayyafo.
alamun lalacewar mildew downy
Alamomin lalacewa ga tsire-tsire ta hanyar mildew mai ƙasa
- Samuwar a kan babba gefen ganyen m shapeless (wani lokaci angular) colorless, kodadde rawaya, rawaya-kasa-kasa, ja-kasa-kasa, purple, dan kadan convex, a hankali juya launin ruwan kasa da bushewa spots.. Sau da yawa tabo suna da iyaka mara ƙarfi. Girma, za su iya haɗuwa cikin babban wuri ɗaya a cikin dukan ganye.
- Bisa ga tabo a gefen saman ganyen. “tsibirin” na farar fata, mai taushi, mai laushi mai laushi suna tasowa daga ƙasa, wanda ya ƙunshi gabobin sporulation na ƙwayoyin cuta. A kan wasu nau’ikan tsire-tsire, plaque na iya zama launin toka ko launin toka-purple, ko kuma ba ya nan.
- A kan tsofaffin ganye, naman ganyen ya zama shuɗe da laushi a wurare.launi na yankin da abin ya shafa ba ya canzawa na dogon lokaci.
- Ganyen da abin ya shafa sukan yi murgudawa, suna ɗaukar siffar corrugated kuma lokaci-lokaci har ma da jujjuya cikin bututu, bushewa da wuri kuma ya faɗi (tare da lalacewar jijiya ta tsakiya). Har ila yau, harbe-harbe suna rufe da tabo, lanƙwasa, bushewa, fashewa mai zurfi wani lokaci akan su. Tushen da abin ya shafa suna rugujewa, ba sa buɗewa, ko samar da nakasassu, furanni masu muni. A cikin wardi, ƙananan petals na buds na iya zama baki.
Abin da za a iya rikita batun tare da m mildew
Cutar a farkon ci gaba na iya zama kuskure a wasu lokuta don ƙona mai cutarwa, alal misali, lokacin da aka yi amfani da cakuda Bordeaux a cikin babban taro. A kan wardi, cutar ba ta yi kama da mildew powdery na gaskiya ba; A kan sauran nau’ikan tsire-tsire, mildew mai ƙasa yana faruwa tare da yalwar sporulation kuma yayi kama da mildew powdery. Wani lokaci ci gaban cutar yayi kama da ci gaban mites gizo-gizo. A farkon wardi, mildew mai ƙasa yana iya kama da tabo baƙar fata. Bambance-bambancen shine cewa abubuwan da ke haifar da mildew na downy yawanci suna shafar ganye a cikin ɓangaren sama na shuka, yayin da tare da tabo baƙar fata, akasin haka, ƙananan ganye suna farawa da farko kuma babu sporulation a ƙarƙashin ganyen.
downy mildew akan ganyen fure
Downy mildew lalacewa
Rage kaifi a cikin kayan ado. Mutuwar mutum sassa na shuka. Rauni da tsautsayi, dwarfism. Idan akwai mummunar lalacewa, shuka zai iya mutuwa. Ga yawancin nau’ikan tsire-tsire, mildew downy ya fi cutarwa a cikin greenhouses. A cikin rufaffiyar ƙasa, ana haɓaka ci gaban cutar ta hanyar zafi mai ƙarfi, haɓakar zafin jiki da wuce haddi na nitrogen.
Rigakafin mildew na Downy
Cire weeds daga wurin, tattara da lalata faɗuwar ganye, da harbe-harbe da matattun shuke-shuke. Yi amfani da takin nitrogen a hankali. Yi aikin tono ƙasa na kaka tare da jujjuya tafki. Madadin amfanin gona a kan tsaunuka daban-daban. Shuka (shuka) tsire-tsire a wuraren da ke da isasshen iska. A cikin greenhouses da lambuna na hunturu, kiyaye tsarin zafin jiki akai-akai tare da samun iska mai tsari. Idan an gano cuta, kada ruwa ya hau ganye lokacin shayarwa.
Magani na jama’a don yaki da mildew downy
Horsetail decoction
1 kilogiram na sabo ko 150 g na busassun doki an jiƙa da dare a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Sa’an nan kuma kawo a tafasa a dafa a cikin ruwan zãfi na minti 30. Bayan haka, ana sanyaya broth, tace, sannan a diluted da ruwa (1: 5).
Tafarnuwa decoction
Mix 10 lita na ruwa da 75 g na finely yankakken tafarnuwa da kuma sanya a kan wuta. Ku kawo wa tafasa. Saka decoction a wuri mai sanyi. Ana bi da tsire-tsire tare da decoction wanda ba a cika shi ba.
Iodine madara
Mix 1 lita na madara mai ƙwanƙwasa tare da lita 9 na ruwa kuma ƙara 10-12 saukad da na 5% iodine (zai fi dacewa kada ya wuce taro).
Asha shayi
Ash (rabin lita na iya aiki) “brew” 2 – 3 lita na ruwan zãfi, ƙara ruwa zuwa lita 10 kuma a ko’ina fesa tsire-tsire.
Lokacin fesa, ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga maganin ƙananan ganyayyaki na ganye.
Hydrothermal iri magani: nutsewa cikin ruwan zafi a +50 ° C na minti 20, sannan a yi sauri a sanyaya cikin ruwan sanyi na 2 zuwa 3 mintuna.
Halitta shirye-shirye da downy mildew
Pre-shuka soaking na tsaba
- Alirin-B, Gamair (a cikin sa’o’i 1 – 2, sannan bushewa ya biyo baya, yawan ruwa mai aiki shine 1,5 – 2 l / kg).
- Phytosporin-M (a cikin sa’o’i 1 – 2, sannan bushewa a cikin inuwa, yawan ruwa mai aiki – 1 – 1,5 l / kg).
Spraying shuke-shuke a lokacin girma kakar
- Vitaplan (tare da tazara na kwanaki 15 – 20, amfani da ruwa mai aiki – 2 -3 l / 100 sq.m).
- Phytosporin-M (na farko shine rigakafi, masu biyowa suna cikin tazara na kwanaki 10-15, 20-30 ml / 10 l na ruwa).
- Gamair (a cikin matakai: farkon flowering – samar da ‘ya’yan itace tare da tazara na kwanaki 15, yawan ruwa mai aiki – 10 l / 100 sq.m).
Downy mildew matakan sarrafa aiki
Tufafin iri (a gaba ko nan da nan kafin shuka) shirye-shirye: Apron XL, Scarlet, Tebuzil, TMTD.
Watering da substrate kafin ko bayan shuka iri ko shayar da seedlings a ƙarƙashin tushen kwanaki 14 bayan shuka iri: Previcur Energy (3 ml a kowace lita 2 na ruwa, amfani – 2 l / sq.m).
lura da inabi daga downy mildew
Fesa tsire-tsire tare da sunadarai a lokacin lokacin girma ana aiwatar da shi a farkon alamar bayyanar cutar. Hakanan yana buƙatar sarrafa ƙasan saman ganye a hankali:
- Tare da taimakon Peak (50 g / 10 l ruwa),
- Bordeaux cakuda (fesa tare da 1% maganin aiki),
- Bravo (na farko – prophylactic, na gaba – tare da tazara na kwanaki 7-10);
- Bronex (25-30 g / 10 l na ruwa, amfani – 10 l / 100 sq.m).
- Kurzat R (50-60 g / 10 l na ruwa) da kuma Cuprolux (25 – 30 g / 5 l na ruwa) – na farko spraying – m, na gaba tare da tazara na kwanaki 10 -12, amfani – 5 l / 100 m2),
- Lambuna (na farko – m, na gaba – bayan kwanaki 10 – 12), Dandalin (Fusa na farko – prophylactic, na gaba – tare da tazara na kwanaki 10 – 14);
- Kuproksat (fesa tare da 0.5% maganin aiki),
- Metaxyl kuma MC daga nan (na farko – prophylactic, na gaba – tare da tazara na kwanaki 10 – 14);
- Oxyhom, Proton Extra kuma Proton Homoxil (jiyya ta farko a farkon alamun cutar, daga baya tare da tazara na kwanaki 7-10, dangane da ci gaban cutar, amfani – 10 l / 100 sq.m).
- A hanya mafi kyau (lokacin da alamun farko na rashin lafiya suka bayyana),
- Previcur (fesa tare da 0.2% maganin aiki),
- bita (na farko – prophylactic, na gaba – tare da tazara na kwanaki 7 – 14);
- Ciwon kai (amfani da shi kawai a cikin tsarin tare da sauran fungicides, shekara mai zuwa canjin amfanin gona ya zama dole a wannan yanki).
- Thanos kuma Riba Zinariya (12 g da 10 l na ruwa, na farko – prophylactic (kafin flowering), na gaba – tare da tazara na 8 – 12 kwanaki, amfani – 5 l / 100 sq.m).
- SHI (fesa tare da 0,4% maganin aiki, amfani – har zuwa 3 l / 10 sq.m).
Kafin amfani da farko, dole ne a gwada kowane magani akan shuka ɗaya. Idan a cikin rana yanayin shuka bai lalace ba, zaku iya amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi akan duk tsire-tsire masu kariya na wannan nau’in. Don ƙarin tasiri, ana ba da shawarar canza magunguna ko gaurayawan su. Yi hankali lokacin amfani da samfuran kariyar shuka. Koyaushe karanta umarnin lakabi da bayanin samfur kafin amfani. Yi aiki tare da bin duk ƙa’idodin aminci.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
