Menene kayyade germination na kokwamba tsaba?
An bambanta cucumbers ta hanyar germination mai kyau, ƙwayoyin cucumber masu inganci suna da ƙimar germination na akalla 90%. Karkashin sharuddan da suka dace rayuwar shiryayye na kokwamba tsaba 6-7 shekaru. Mafi kyawun yanayin ajiya don tsaba kokwamba: bushe, wuri mai sanyi tare da zafin jiki na + 10 … + 12 ° C da ƙarancin dangi ba sama da 60%. Kokwamba tsaba suna jure daskarewa (zazzabi a ƙasa 0 ° C), amma har yanzu ba shi yiwuwa a adana su a cikin gareji, a cikin gidan ƙasa, a cikin ɗaki mai zafi: tare da digo mai kaifi a cikin zafin jiki, wataƙila za su zama damp kuma su shaƙe. . Kada ku adana tsaba kokwamba a wurare masu zafi a cikin ɗakin: kusa da radiators, a cikin ɗakunan ajiya a ƙarƙashin rufi. A yanayin zafi sama da + 25 ° C, sun kasance masu amfani na kusan shekara guda.
Dole ne yanayi don germination na kokwamba tsaba
Yawan zafin jiki na tsaba na kokwamba shine + 20… + 28 ° C, lokacin germination shine kusan kwanaki 3.
Hanyoyi 9 na maganin iri kafin shuka
1. Calibration na kokwamba tsaba
Abu na farko da koyaushe ake yi tare da tsaba shine daidaitawar su, wato, an zaɓi mafi kyawun su. Dole ne a yi haka lokacin da kuka sayi iri daga hannunku ko girbe su da kanku. Tsawon shago na manyan kamfanonin iri an daidaita su a samarwa. Da farko, ana yanke tsaba masu launin maras kyau da waɗanda ba su da kyau (mai duhu ko tabo). Don dasa shuki, manyan, har ma da tsaba na cucumbers na launi mai haske an zaɓi.
Ana iya daidaita tsaba na cucumber a cikin maganin gishiri 3%. Don shirya maganin, ɗauki 3 g na gishiri gishiri a kowace 100 ml na ruwa, ko 30 g kowace lita. Gishiri 30 na gishiri kusan cokali 1,5 ne ko cokali 3 masu tarin yawa.
An haxa tsaba sosai a cikin maganin don cire duk kumfa daga saman tsaba kuma a ajiye su na minti 5-10. Ana zubar da tsaba masu iyo. Sauran ana wanke su kuma a bushe. Abin da ke da mahimmanci, kawai sabo ne kokwamba tsaba (shekaru 1-2) za a iya ƙi a cikin maganin saline, kusan dukkanin tsofaffin za su yi iyo, koda kuwa sun ci gaba da iyawar su. Sabili da haka, idan har yanzu kuna da duk nau’in kokwamba, to, kada ku yi gaggawar jefar da su, mafi kusantar su kawai overdried. Don duba germination, sanya nau’in gwaji na iri don germination.
2. Disinfection na kokwamba tsaba a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate
Don kashe tsaba kokwamba kafin shuka, shirya 1% bayani na potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate – KMnO).4) da kuma nutsar da tsaba a ciki na tsawon minti 20-30.
Bayan haka, ana wanke tsaba. Koyaya, potassium permanganate ya dace kawai don kare tsaba daga cututtukan da ke saman tsaba. Har ila yau, ku tuna cewa aikin sarrafawa yana raguwa idan an jika tsaba masu danko.
Nawa ake buƙata potassium permanganate don sarrafa tsaba kokwamba?
Ɗaya daga cikin madaidaicin teaspoon ba tare da saman ya ƙunshi 6 g ba. Don shirya maganin 1%, kuna buƙatar cokali na potassium permanganate don kofuna 3 na ruwa, ko kashi uku na cokali don gilashi. Maganin ya kamata ya zama launi mai zurfi mai zurfi. Ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda mai duhu da haske mai haske (lokacin da ƙasa ta haskaka ta hanyar maganin) ba su da amfani a zahiri.
3. Disinfection na kokwamba tsaba a cikin shirye-shirye na musamman
Don magance cututtukan kokwamba waɗanda ke dagewa a cikin ƙwayar iri, ya fi wuya a zaɓi hanyar. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da wasu shirye-shiryen ƙwayoyin cuta don magance tsaba kokwamba. Duk da haka, maganin su yana hana ba kawai cutarwa ba, pathogenic, amma har ma da amfani da microflora, kuma kada ku yi amfani da shi sai dai idan ya zama dole.
Don haka, alal misali, Fitosporin-M, shirye-shiryen Baksis ana amfani da su don yaƙar tushen rot, bacteriosis da tracheomycosis wilt. Ana jiƙa tsaba kokwamba a cikin maganin kowane ɗayan waɗannan magunguna na tsawon awanni 1-2, sannan a bushe.
Kara karantawa game da abin da ake amfani da kwayoyi don tsaba da seedlings
4. Warming up cucumber tsaba kafin shuka
A kan sikelin masana’antu, ana amfani da dumama don kashe iri. Don yin wannan, ana dumama tsaba kokwamba na kwanaki 3 a zafin jiki na +40 ° C ko a zazzabi na + 80 ° C na kwana ɗaya. Kuna iya dumama a cikin tanda, wasu masu lambu sun dace don dumama tsaba akan radiators na dumama ko ma a kan fitilu masu ban sha’awa. Amma a kowane hali, dumama yana da damuwa ga ƙwayar iri, kuma banda haka, yana da wuya a kula da daidaitattun yanayin zafi a gida. Sabili da haka, wannan hanya, duk da shahararsa, ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da gida ba.
5. Jika tsaban Kokwamba
Jiƙa shine mafi mashahuri hanyar maganin iri kafin shuka.. An sani ga duk wanda ya taba shuka cucumbers. Yin jika yana hanzarta haɓakar ƙwayar kokwamba, amma yana wanke Layer na kariya idan masana’anta sun yi maganin ƙwayar cuta, kuma yana rage juriyar germinating tsaba zuwa mummunan yanayi. Kwanciyar sanyi ko bushewa na ɗan gajeren lokaci na iya zama lafiya ga busassun tsaba na kokwamba, kuma ga waɗanda aka riga aka jiƙa yana iya zama m. Sabili da haka, jiƙa yana da ma’ana lokacin shuka cucumbers don seedlings a gida, da kuma lokacin shuka a cikin ƙasa – kawai idan yanayin yana da kyau.
Don shayar da tsaba kokwamba, yana da kyau a zabi akwati mai haske, filastik ko gilashi. Ana shimfida napkin a gindin sa a cikin yadudduka da yawa, takarda, gauze ko zane, ana shimfida tsaba a zuba domin ruwan ya tsaya, amma ba ya rufe tsaba gaba daya. Jiƙa tsaba na tsawon kwanaki 1-2 har sai harsashi ya tsage.
6. Germination na kokwamba tsaba
Ana amfani da pre-germination na kokwamba tsaba kafin shuka idan akwai shakka game da germination. Don kada ku ɓata sarari, zaku iya shuka kawai waɗanda tsaba da suka riga suka tsiro. Su hasara shi ne cewa germinated tsaba na cucumbers bayan shuka bukatar dumi da kuma m watering. Kuma idan an bar gashin iri ya bushe ko kuma bai yi zurfi ba a cikin ƙasa, tsire-tsire daga tsaba da aka shuka wani lokaci ba za su iya kawar da gashin iri da kansu ba. Dole ne mu taimaka musu: yayyafa rigar iri da ruwa daga kwalban feshi, kuma idan ya jika, a hankali cire shi tare da tsinken hakori.
Zazzabi don germination na kokwamba tsaba shine +25 + 28 ° C. Sanya tsaba a cikin akwati ko a kan saucer a kan ɗimbin yadudduka na takarda bayan gida, sanya a cikin jakar filastik kuma saka a wuri mai dumi na kwanaki 1-2. Yana da kyau kada a yi amfani da auduga ulu da gauze don sprouting cucumbers. Kokwamba yana da dogayen tushe masu rauni waɗanda ke saurin girma cikin nama kuma suna da sauƙin lalacewa yayin dasawa. Kwayoyin cucumber suna girma sosai a cikin duhu da haske.
7. Jika tsaban Cucumber a cikin Maganin Gina Jiki
Soaking a cikin wani bayani na physiologically aiki abubuwa stimulates girma seedlings. Ana amfani da jiƙa a cikin takin zamani lokacin dasa cucumbers a cikin ƙasa mara kyau.
Ka’idodin shayarwa a cikin wani bayani mai gina jiki daidai yake da ruwa: ana sanya tsaba a kan takarda, gauze ko zane, an zuba shi da karamin adadin bayani, an rufe shi daga sama kuma ana kula da matakin ruwa. Ana ajiye tsaba a cikin maganin gina jiki don 12-20 hours. Ana gudanar da maganin a zazzabi na +20…+28 ° C, a ƙananan zafin jiki yana rage tasirinsa. Sa’an nan kuma an canza tsaba masu kumbura zuwa takarda, zane ko kuma a shimfiɗa su a cikin jakar gauze kuma an shuka su a zazzabi na + 25 … + 28 ° C har sai tushen ya bayyana.
Don shirya bayani mai gina jiki, zaku iya amfani da Epin, Zircon, humates ko wasu shirye-shirye ba tare da haɗa su da juna ba, tunda kowannensu yana da lokacin sarrafa kansa. A cikin maganin Epin, ana ajiye tsaba na tsawon sa’o’i 16-24 (2 saukad da a kowace 100 ml na ruwa (rabin gilashi); a cikin maganin Zircon – 10-12 hours (digo 1 da 150 ml na ruwa), a cikin wani bayani na potassium ko sodium humates – daidai a rana (0,005-0,01 .XNUMX% bayani).
8. Ciwon Kokwamba mai kumfa
Bubbling shine wadatar tsaba tare da oxygen. Ana amfani dashi kawai don tsofaffin tsaba kokwamba, shekaru 6-7, don ƙara ƙarfin germination. A cikin matasa tsaba, ba ya ba da wani m sakamako. An shimfiɗa tsaba a cikin jakar gauze kuma an sanya su a cikin kwalban ruwa a dakin da zafin jiki. Sannan ana ba da iska ta hanyar amfani da kwampreso na akwatin kifaye, yayin da bututun ya kamata ya kasance ƙarƙashin jakar iri ta yadda kumfa ta kewaye shi ta kowane bangare. A wannan yanayin, ana adana tsaba na kimanin kwana ɗaya, amma idan akwai tsaba da yawa, to yana da kyau a canza ruwa a tsakiyar zagayowar. Bayan kumfa, ana shuka iri da aka haɗe a cikin ƙasa.
9. Hardening na kokwamba tsaba
Taurare tsaba kokwamba yana ƙara juriya ga mummunan yanayin muhalli. Tsire-tsire masu taurare suna jure wa ƙasa mai sanyi mafi kyau kuma suna tsayayya da rot. Ana nannade tsaba da aka yi niyya don taurara a cikin rigar ɗanɗano, ana yada su a kan saucer ko tasa filastik kuma a saka a cikin firiji na tsawon kwanaki 2 (mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine 0 … + 2 ° C). A duk tsawon lokacin, tabbatar cewa zane ya kasance rigar.
Bayan haka, ana shuka tsaba nan da nan ko kuma a bi da su a cikin wani bayani mai gina jiki ba tare da bushewa ba. A cewar wasu magoya baya, hardening yana ba ku damar haɓaka ci gaban cucumbers har ma da ƙara yawan amfanin cucumbers har zuwa 40%.
Ina bukatan sarrafa encrusted, plasma, ainihin iri?
Yawancin kamfanonin iri dole ne su aiwatar da aƙalla ƙaramin hadaddun don magance ƙwayar kokwamba daga cututtuka. Mafi tsada tsaba an riga an riga an shirya su a gaba: calibrated, bi da su tare da fungicides, stimulants, saboda abin da suke da launi. Irin waɗannan nau’ikan ba sa buƙatar magani da wani abu kafin shuka.
Tsabar kokwamba tsaba
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
