Bai isa ba don cucumbers, kamar sauran amfanin gona na lambu, don samar da hasken wuta, shayarwa da suturar sama bisa ga umarnin ƙwararrun manoma da masu lambu. Yana da mahimmanci kada a yi kauri da yawa – idan babu isasshen sararin ƙasa kyauta, dasa shuki zai kasance tsire-tsire waɗanda ba sa samar da amfanin gona.
Tasirin Yawan Hannun Jari
Kun lura fiye da sau ɗaya cewa tsire-tsire ba sa son girma kuma su zama cikakkun tsire-tsire masu girma, saboda ba su da abinci mai gina jiki. Mu’ujiza ba sa faruwa, shuka ba zai iya girma ya zama cikakkiyar rukunin manya ba idan yana da iyaka. A sakamakon haka, wannan ya juya zuwa jinkiri a lokacin girbi idan dashen ya yi latti, kuma lokacin da shekarun jinsin wani nau’i ya fara kusantar wani tambari, musamman a gare shi kawai, wannan sashin shuka (daji) ya mutu. Gwaje-gwaje tare da tsire-tsire masu girma a cikin haske mai kyau, amma kwalban da aka rufe da hermetically bai haifar da wani abu mai kyau ba – tsire-tsire ya kasance kadan na watanni masu yawa, har ma ana kiyaye shi daga tasirin fungi, kwayoyin pathogenic, mold da ƙwayoyin cuta a ƙarƙashin yanayin girma a cikin ƙasa. haifuwa da mutãne magunguna. Watau, tare da ƙara yawan dasa cucumbers, ba za ku sami girbi mai kyau ba: an kafa greenery, wanda kawai ke aiki a matsayin janareta na oxygen kyauta.
Tsare-tsare
Kuna iya dasa cucumbers a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ko dai kai tsaye – nan da nan shuka tsaba a cikin dumi da yanayin rana, ko amfani da tsire-tsire masu girma. Wajibi ne a yi aiki bisa ga yanayin yanayi na yanzu, ba tare da kalandar wata ba da sauran hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa da ka’idodin makirci da abubuwan ban mamaki: tabbatar da jira har sai yanayin iska a tsakar rana ya kasance aƙalla aƙalla +20, ƙasa tana dumama. har zuwa +16 ba tare da lura da sanyaya da sanyi da dare. Lokacin dasa shuki iri, idan kun tabbatar da germination na tsaba (sun zama sabo), dasa iri a kowane rami.
Dasa tsaba 2-3 a cikin kowane rami ana yin su ta mazaunan bazara waɗanda ko dai sun karɓi iri waɗanda ba sabon sabo bane, ko kuma basu da tabbacin cewa duk suna raye.
Rijiyoyi a mafi yawan lokuta suna samuwa a nesa na 35 cm daga juna. Hanya – don sauƙin kulawa, kusanci zuwa bushes na gaba lokacin girbi – ya kamata ya zama 80-100 cm. Idan kun dasa tsaba “a kan grid”, to, hanyar da ke tsakanin ciyawar kokwamba zai yi wahala, ba zai yiwu a girbi ba. Idan muka fassara ƙayyadaddun nau’in dasa shuki a cikin murabba’in mita, to a cikin kowane zai zama tsaba 3 (a nan gaba – daji). Nisa tsakanin lashes kokwamba da aka daure shine aƙalla 35 cm iri ɗaya. Idan kun dasa tsaba a jere a nesa na rabin mita, to, tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire za su sami ƙarin sarari, suna barin ƙudan zuma su tashi cikin sauƙi har zuwa duk inflorescences. Wannan yana nufin cewa girbi zai yi yawa, matsakaicin yiwuwar daga kowane daji.
Seedlings ana shuka su a cikin hanyar. Don shi, ana amfani da sel da diamita na 8 cm (ko tare da tsayin tsayin gefen “square”, lokacin da tantanin halitta ba shi da zagaye). Kuna iya shuka tsiro a cikin cakuda peat tare da ƙasa baƙar fata mai laushi daga rukunin yanar gizon ku. Matsakaicin peat zuwa ƙasa baƙar fata shine 1: 1 ko 1: 2. Ba’a ba da shawarar yin amfani da peat cikakke ba – yana iya ƙonewa ba tare da bata lokaci ba a cikin watan Mayu a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye (buƙatun ya dace da yankunan kudancin).
Babban nau’in ‘ya’yan itace suna samuwa a cikin tsire-tsire 1-2 a kowace 1 m2, ƙananan ‘ya’yan itace – sau biyu (mafi sau da yawa). Ketare wannan buƙatun zuwa kauri zai haifar da rashin amfanin gona nan da nan. Girman shuka a tsayi, yawancin rassan gefen da ya girma, yawancin tsarin tushensa, wanda ke nufin cewa zai buƙaci babban yanki a kan shafin don cikakken rayuwa.
A tsaye
Hanyar tsaye – hanyar da aka ɗaga layuka na tsire-tsire kokwamba, dasa su a cikin ƙasa tare da ƙarin humus 3 cm tsayi.. Tare da yin amfani da wannan hanyar, ana dasa tsire-tsire a cikin tsari na checkerboard, kuma nisa na 40 cm ya rage tsakanin tsire-tsire. Nisa tsakanin layuka, dangane da layin wurin su, yana da kusan 20 cm. ‘ya’yan itace ya kasance irin wannan cewa ba zai yiwu a lalata tsire-tsire ba. Lokacin daure harbe-harbe na cucumbers, ana sanya sandunan da aka ja labule na trellis ko ragar filastik. An kafa musu igiyoyi, tsire-tsire suna lanƙwasa tare da su, suna tashi sama da sama zuwa hasken rana da iska.
Garter na kokwamba thickets an yi sosai a hankali – ganye da rassan dole ne a kiyaye su.
A kwance
Hanyar kwance tana nufin ana amfani da layuka ɗaya ko biyu. A cikin jere ɗaya, ana shuka tsire-tsire a tsaka-tsakin 25 cm. Layuka biyu suna yin int tsakanin layuka na kusan 95 cm. Za a iya dasa nau’in pollinated kai kusa – daga 75 cm kowane tsakanin layuka.
“Herringbone”
Lokacin dasa shuki layuka tare da “herringbone” ana shuka su tare da baka na da’irar, radius wanda shine 70-100 cm. Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire masu kusa shine kusan 35 cm. Abubuwan amfani da hanyar suna da kyau ga cucumbers, yayin da ake ajiye sararin samaniya a gonar: shigar da da’irar da aka samu daga kowane gefe, mazaunin rani na iya samun dama ga kowane tsire-tsire. Ana shigar da dogon tsinke kusa da kowane daji. An ɗaure pegs tare da igiya, ɗayan ƙarshen wanda aka kafa a kan tallafi a tsakiyar dandalin da aka samu. Ana maye gurbin igiya tare da galvanized waya.
Layi daya
Hanyar layi ɗaya ta sauƙaƙa don kula da nau’ikan nau’ikan girma da sauri idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu masu ƙarancin “hannun motsi”. A lokaci guda, dukan jere yana da haske sosai, kuma tsire-tsire ba su sami nasarar mayar da sararin rayuwa daga juna ba. Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire yana da kusan 30 cm. Tsakanin layuka yana daga 70 cm, wannan zai sa sauƙin wucewa tsakanin layuka.
layi biyu
Hanyar layi biyu tana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar tef daga layuka biyu a layi daya da juna. Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire da ke kusa da kusan 40 cm, tsakanin layuka – 120. Godiya ga wannan hanya, yankin da ke kan shafin yana ciyarwa da tattalin arziki, yana taimakawa wajen kula da kauri. Shirye-shiryen checkerboard yana ba ku damar sanya tsire-tsire a nesa na kusan 65 cm daga juna, wanda ke sa layi biyu yayi kama da jeri ɗaya. Wurin sauran kaset yana ba ku damar sanya “zigzags” iri ɗaya, komawa baya game da 70 cm. Amfanin hanyar shine mafi kyawun kariya daga cututtuka da kwari, samun iska mai kyau, kuma an sauƙaƙe hanyar ƙudan zuma tsakanin tsire-tsire.
Nisan saukar da baranda
A cikin filin bude, lokacin dasa shuki – ba tare da girma seedlings ba – ba duk masu mallakar dukiya suna da damar samun amfanin gona na yau da kullum na cucumbers ba. Tabbatar cewa tagogin ku ba su fuskanci arewa ba – ba za ku sami hasken rana kai tsaye daga wannan gefen ba sai dai idan kuna zaune a wani wuri a Kudancin Amirka, Australia ko New Zealand, a kowane tsibiran da ke Kudancin Hemisphere, da kuma a cikin equatorial ko latitudes a ƙarƙashin Arewacin Arewa. Tropic (a samansa ne rana ta fito a zenith). Ana amfani da hanyar “balcony”, “garage” lokacin da mai gidan yana zaune a cikin wani gida ko wani gida mai zaman kansa, gaba daya ba tare da wani yanki ba sai yadi. Duk da haka, rashin hasken rana ana iya yin sauƙi tare da haske mai haske “dumi fari” na wucin gadi, ko da a cikin dare na iyakacin duniya, idan yawan zafin jiki a cikin gidan bai faɗi ƙasa da +18 ba kuma baya tashi sama da +27. Gaskiya ne, girbi na iya zama ƙarami a yawan cucumbers. Kamar kowane tsire-tsire, cucumbers na iya buƙatar ƙaramin adadin “laushi” “rana” ultraviolet, wanda ya haɗa da buƙatar shigar da LEDs na musamman na UV ban da fitilun farar fata na gargajiya, wanda nau’in fitarwa ya canza zuwa nisa zuwa gefen “blue”.
Don dasa cucumbers a cikin gaba ɗaya “gidaje”, kusa da yanayin greenhouse, ana amfani da tsoffin tukwane da kwanon rufi (yana yiwuwa tare da rami rami). Ramuka a cikin ƙasa wajibi ne – ta hanyar su tushen za su sami damar yin amfani da iska kuma su iya numfashi, kuma ba za su ɓata a cikin ƙasa ba, wanda ya zama fadama saboda rashin iyawa don “zuba” ruwa mai yawa daga kanta. Capacity – ba kasa da lita ɗaya kowace shuka ba. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar don aiwatar da Shirin Abinci na USSR: kwantena a can sun maye gurbin cubes na cakuda ƙasa-peat, kuma an gudanar da noman a cikin manyan greenhouses. Don inganta magudanar ruwa, an zubar da magudanar ruwa na yumbu mai faɗi ko yashi mai yashi a cikin tukwane ko kwanon rufi – wannan abu yana kawar da danshi mai yawa da kyau. Nisa daga iri zuwa ganuwar ganuwar yana da kusan 15 cm a kowane bangare.
Yadda za a shuka a cikin ganga?
Hanyar “Barrel” – ingantaccen hanyar “balcony”: babban ƙarfin yana ba ku damar shuka tsaba 10-12 tare da hanyar kusa da “herringbone”. Godiya ga faffadan bakin ganga, yana ba ku damar shuka tsaba a cikin da’irar, wannan kuma yana adana sarari a cikin matsanancin yanayi na loggia ko baranda. Sanya 10 cm na magudanar ruwa, 10 cm na rassan da ganye, 10 cm na peat tare da taki – kuma zuba ƙasa baki a saman. Idan ya cancanta, an ƙara wani 2-3 cm na taki (takin) – daga sama. Ganga suna da sauƙin maye gurbin da jakunkuna ko kwalaye – ba kome. Mafi sau da yawa, ganga tare da shuke-shuke kokwamba suna samuwa a cikin gareji mai zafi – alal misali, ta taga a kudu, yamma ko gabas.
Hasken haske, idan rana ta takaice a cikin hunturu, ana ba da ita ta hanya ɗaya – kamar yadda a cikin ɗakin gida ko yanayin baranda.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
