Don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa na cucumbers, bai isa ya saya kyakkyawan tsaba ba. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin haɓaka amfanin gona shine yin la’akari da halayen ilimin halitta na amfanin gona da kuma kula da yanayin da ake bukata don girma da ci gaban tsire-tsire. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa cucumbers suna son zafi, ƙauna-ƙaunar danshi, ƙauna mai haske da al’adun ƙasa.
Lokacin zabar nau’ikan ko hybrids na cucumbers, amintattun ƙwararru, saya tsaba daga kamfanoni masu dogaro.
Yadda ake zabar cucumbers iri-iri
Dukansu pollinated kudan zuma da parthenocarpic hybrids sun dace da bude ƙasa. Yana da kyau a dasa parthenocarpics a cikin greenhouse don kada a bar shi ba tare da amfanin gona mai kyau na cucumbers ba saboda rashin kwari na pollinating a cikin greenhouse. Kuma ko da yaushe shuka iri da yawa da kuma hybrids. Gwaji, kimanta, zaɓi!
Menene zafin jiki da cucumbers ke buƙata
Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na iska yayin shuka iri shine kusan + 25 ° C, a lokacin lokacin daga germination zuwa farkon flowering, ana buƙatar zafin jiki na kusan +23 ° C, yayin lokacin furanni, kusan +20 … +25 ° C. Tsire-tsire na cucumber ba sa jure wa yanayin zafi mara kyau, har ma fiye da haka sanyi. A zafin jiki na kusan + 10 ° C, ci gaban shuka yana tsayawa.
Kada ku yi gaggawar dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a zabi ranar da ta dace don shuka ko dasa shuki a wuri na dindindin, musamman a cikin bude ƙasa. A cikin yankin tsakiyar Rasha, ana shuka cucumbers a cikin greenhouses da greenhouses ba tare da dumama farawa daga tsakiyar watan Mayu ba. Kuma suna fara shuka ko dasa cucumbers a cikin fili da zarar barazanar sanyi ta wuce kuma ƙasa ta yi zafi – wannan shine farkon Yuni ko ƙarshen Mayu.
Tabbas, zaku iya shuka seedlings a baya, amma babu wanda ya soke sanyi, kuma a irin waɗannan lokuta bai kamata ku yi gaggawa ba!
Iya cucumbers girma a cikin inuwa
Rashin haske yana haifar da raguwa a cikin girma da ci gaban tsire-tsire. Cunkushe dasa shuki, tsawan yanayin girgije, ƙarancin haske haɗe da yanayin zafi na dare yana haifar da bayyanar furannin maza. Kada ku ɗauka dasa shuki na kokwamba, da fatan samun ƙarin yawan amfanin ƙasa, sakamakon zai zama akasin haka. Bugu da kari, cucumbers na iya juya karkatacciya! Koyi yadda ake girma ko da kyau kokwamba.
A cikin greenhouse, tsire-tsire 3-4 a kowace murabba’in mita ya fi kyau. Daure kuma tabbatar da samar da tsire-tsire kokwamba a cikin greenhouse.
Yadda ake ciyar da cucumbers don samun girbi mai kyau
Don yawan amfanin ƙasa na cucumbers, mai haske mai haske, tsaka tsaki (pH 6,5-7,0), ana buƙatar ƙasa mai arzikin humus. Cucumbers ba su dace da ƙasa mai nauyi tare da matakin kusa da ruwan ƙasa ba.
Lokacin girma seedlings, yi amfani da cakuda abinci mai inganci da aka yi da takin mai magani. Don samun tsire-tsire masu lafiya, ana yin takin gargajiya tare da takin mai magani (5-0,1% bayani) kowane kwanaki 0,15. Kafin dasa shuki, ana ƙara 1-2 buckets na humus ko takin a kowace 1 m2, ƙara 10-20 g na hadadden taki. Idan kwayoyin halitta ba su samuwa, ƙara yawan adadin taki mai rikitarwa (30-60 g da 1 m2).
Bayan dasa tsire-tsire a wuri na dindindin, ciyar da cucumbers kowane kwanaki 7-14 har sai ovaries su samar, hada wannan aiki tare da shayarwa. A cikin farkon lokacin ‘ya’yan itace, yi amfani da 30-40 g na hadaddun takin mai magani da lita 10 na ruwa.
A lokacin lokacin yawan ‘ya’yan itace, ana canza allurai na sutura: 40-50 g da lita 10 na ruwa ana buƙatar. Idan akwai tsawaita yanayin girgije, takin ganye tare da hadaddun takin mai narkewa mai ruwa tare da abubuwan ganowa a matakin 0.1% (1 g na taki a kowace lita 1 na ruwa).
Menene Rasa Cucumber?
- Idan shuke-shuke girma talauci, da mai tushe ne na bakin ciki, ganye ne kodadde kore, da ovary jũya rawaya – akwai karancin nitrogen. Tare da wuce haddi na nitrogen, shuke-shuke “fat”, girma girma, ganye suna da girma, kuma flowering da fruiting suna jinkiri.
- Tare da rashin phosphorus girma na tsire-tsire da ‘ya’yan itatuwa yana raguwaganye ƙanana ne, koren duhu.
- Tare da rashin potassium akan ganyen, iyakar rawaya kodadde ana iya gani tare da gefen ganyen.
Yadda ake shayar da cucumbers yadda ya kamata
Shayarwa na yau da kullum shine mabuɗin girbi mai kyau, tun da rashin danshi, ci gaban shuka yana tsayawa, ovaries sun fadi. Amma ya kamata a tuna cewa zubar ruwa shima yana shafar ci gaban tsire-tsire, iskar tushen tsarin yana raguwa, kuma tushen gashi ya mutu.
A cikin greenhouses, ana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na ban ruwa: daga tiyo, sprinkling, drip ban ruwa. Ya kamata a shayar da cucumbers a ƙarƙashin tushen da safe tare da ruwan dumi (+ 23 … + 24 ° C). Kafin fure da ‘ya’yan itace, kokwamba yana buƙatar matsakaicin zafi, sabili da haka ana shayar da tsire-tsire sau 1-2 a mako (bayan kwanaki 3-4). Tare da farkon lokacin ‘ya’yan itace, wajibi ne a shayar da cucumbers sau da yawa, bayan kwanaki 2-3. Mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayi. A cikin yanayin zafi, cucumbers suna buƙatar shayar da kullun. A cikin sanyi da ruwan sama, rage mita da ƙarar shayarwa. Yawan ruwa: daga 4-5 zuwa 10-12 l/m2.
Yadda ake girbi cucumbers
Tarin da ba bisa ka’ida ba kuma ba safai ba yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. Yana da kyau a tattara cucumbers kowace rana (aƙalla sau 3 a mako), yana hana haɓakar girma. Yana da mahimmanci kada a cutar da ku kuma motsa bulala kadan kadan. Nan da nan cire nakasassu da ‘ya’yan itatuwa marasa lafiya.
Me yasa cucumbers suna da ɗaci?>>>>
Mafi kyawun girke-girke don cucumbers mai gishiri mai sauƙi!>>>
Cucumbers na cucumbers
Domin cucumbers ya ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma ya ba da ‘ya’ya na dogon lokaci, ya zama dole don magance cututtuka a cikin lokaci. Kuma akwai da yawa daga cikinsu.
mučnistaâ ruwan hoda
Ciwon fungal na yau da kullun yana bayyana azaman fari, wani lokacin ruwan hoda mai ja a saman gefen ganye. Ganyen marasa lafiya sun bushe da wuri. Ciwon cutar yana ƙaruwa lokacin bushewa da yanayin zafi. Yana da mummunan tasiri a kan tsire-tsire kuma yana ƙara haɓakar su zuwa powdery mildew ta hanyar shayar da ruwan sanyi.
Rigakafin powdery mildew. Kauce wa ciyayi mai yawa da ciyawar da takin nitrogen. Ka lalata tarkacen shuka, ciyawa. Kada ka ƙyale yawan zafin jiki na kwatsam, zubar ruwa, tashewar iska.
Matakan kula da mildew foda. Fesa tsire-tsire tare da fungicides waɗanda aka yi rajista kuma ana ba da shawarar ga mildew powdery.
Fusarium
Cutar fungal (maganin cuta) Fusarium oxysporum), na kowa a cikin greenhouses. Yana rinjayar duka seedlings da kuma manya shuke-shuke. Kafin flowering, sun yi kama da lafiya, sa’an nan kuma sun fara bushewa. Tushen ya mutu, mai tushe ya bushe, ganyen ya rataye.
Rigakafin Fusarium. Zaɓi nau’in cucumbers masu tsayayya da fusarium. Disinfect ƙasa a cikin greenhouse.
Matakan sarrafa Fusarium. Ya kamata a lalata tsire-tsire masu lalacewa nan da nan (yana da kyau a ƙone).
Grey mold
Cutar cututtukan fungal na yau da kullun na amfanin gona na kayan lambu da yawa (pathogen Botrytis cinere). A lokaci guda kuma, manyan ɗigon launin ruwan kasa suna samuwa a kan ganye, harbe suna lalacewa. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari a babban zafi an rufe su da launin ruwan kasa, suna ƙaruwa cikin girman jika tare da murfin launin toka mai mold.
Rigakafin launin toka. Kada ku yi kauri. Kula da mafi kyawun yanayin zafi da yanayin zafi. Lokacin shayarwa, kauce wa samun ruwa akan tsire-tsire.
Matakan yaƙi da launin toka mold. Yayyafa wuraren da abin ya shafa da dakakken gawayi ko toka. Idan sakamakon bai isa ba, bi da tsire-tsire tare da fungicides. Idan cutar ta ci gaba, yanke harbe-harbe masu tsanani da kuma lalata tarkacen shuka.
Peronosporoz, ko m mildew
Downy mildew, ko peronosporosis, yana haifar da yawancin nau’in oomycete pseudofungi daga dangin peronosporaceae.Downy mildew). Ganyayyaki, harbe, pedicels, receptacles, da wuya buds da furanni suna shafar.
A causative wakili na peronosporosis ya dage (overwinters) na dogon lokaci a cikin abin da ya faru harbe da fadi ganye. A cikin rufaffiyar ƙasa, ana haɓaka ci gaban cutar ta hanyar zafi mai ƙarfi, haɓakar zafin jiki da wuce haddi na nitrogen. A ƙarƙashin yanayi masu kyau ga ƙwayoyin cuta, yaduwar cutar na iya faruwa, da farko akan nau’ikan marasa ƙarfi.
Lokacin da cutar ta auku a kan babba gefen ganye, m, m, shapeless (wani lokacin angular), colorless, kodadde rawaya, dan kadan convex spots form. Sau da yawa tabo suna da iyaka mara ƙarfi. Girma, za su iya haɗuwa cikin babban wuri ɗaya a cikin dukan ganye. Ganyen da abin ya shafa sukan murƙushewa, suna samun siffa mai ƙwalƙwalwa kuma lokaci-lokaci har ma suna jujjuya cikin bututu, bushewa da wuri kuma su faɗi (idan tsakiyar jijiya ta shafi).
Rigakafin mildew downy. Cire ciyawa daga yankin. Tattara da lalata faɗuwar ganye, da harbe-harbe da matattun shuke-shuke. Yi amfani da takin nitrogen a hankali. Yi aikin tono ƙasa na kaka tare da jujjuya tafki. Madadin amfanin gona a kan tsaunuka daban-daban. A cikin greenhouses da lambuna na hunturu, kiyaye tsarin zafin jiki akai-akai tare da samun iska mai tsari. Idan an gano cuta, kada ruwa ya hau ganye lokacin shayarwa.
Matakan sarrafa mildew na Downy. Fesa tsire-tsire a lokacin girma tare da Ordan.
Cucumber kwari
Aphids a kan cucumbers
Harbe suna lankwasa kuma suna rage girma. Bar murƙushewa. Ƙananan kwari suna zaune a gungu a saman harbe da kuma a gefen ganye.
Rigakafin aphids akan cucumbers. Cire ciyawa. Kula da ayyukan noma a cikin kula da amfanin gona.
Matakan sarrafa aphids akan cucumbers. Fesa maganin kwari Biotlin, Biotlin BAU, Fitoverm.
Tabar taba akan cucumbers
Ƙananan, kimanin 1 mm a girman, kwari da haske a kusurwa suna bayyana akan ganye. Tare da ci gaban rauni, foliage ya juya launin ruwan kasa kuma ya bushe. Thrips kuma yana taimakawa wajen yaduwar kwayar cutar mosaic.
Rigakafin ciwon sigari akan cucumbers. Kula da jujjuya amfanin gona. Tono da sassauta ƙasa akai-akai. Kashe ciyawa.
Ma’auni na sarrafawa don ƙwayar taba akan cucumbers. Yi amfani da maganin kashe kwari: Biotlin, da dai sauransu.
gizo-gizo mite
Ticks galibi suna rayuwa a ƙarƙashin ganyen. Suna ɗaure su da siririyar yanar gizo suna tsotse ruwan ‘ya’yan itace daga cikinsu. Na farko, ɗigo masu farar fata suna tasowa akan ganye, sannan suka zama mafi girma, suna juyawa zuwa aibobi. A ƙarshe ganyen ya zama rawaya kuma ya bushe.
Rigakafin ƙwayar gizo-gizo akan cucumbers. Yaki ciyawa Kashe ragowar amfanin gona.
Matakan sarrafawa don mitsin gizo-gizo akan cucumbers. Yi amfani da Kleshchevit, Fitoverm, da dai sauransu Lokacin da ake fesawa, kula da kulawa ta musamman ga ƙasan foliage.
Cututtuka da kwari na cucumbers: rigakafi da magani >>>
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
