Mafi kyawun nau’ikan aladu a Rasha

A yau a cikin kiwo akwai nau’ikan aladu kusan 100. Ana ci gaba da yin zabensu. Zaɓin mutanen da suka fi dacewa dangane da ingancin nama da yawan aiki suna ba ku damar haifar da nau’in nau’in nau’in riba. Duk da haka, yana da matukar wahala a ambaci ainihin mafi kyawun nau’in aladu.

Irin alade

Halaye da iri

Rarraba nau’ikan aladu ana aiwatar da su bisa ga adadin abubuwan da ke gaba:

• tsarin mulki;
• yanki na asali;
• yawan aiki fuskantarwa.

Ta asali, waɗannan dabbobin na iya wakiltar ɗayan ƙungiyoyi huɗu:

1. Mahaifiyar ita ce alade daji na Turai.
2. Mahaifiyar ita ce alade daji na Asiya.
3. Ƙungiya mai gauraya, ta haɗu da halayen Turai da Asiya.
4. Iri-iri na wucin gadi hybridization.

Dangane da tsarin jiki, nau’ikan aladu sun bambanta kamar haka:

• tare da m jiki mai yawa;
• tare da sako-sako da m jiki;
• tare da jiki mai laushi;
• tare da sako-sako, jiki mai taushi.

Dangane da sigar yawan aiki, dabbobi sune:

• duniya (kayan nama da yawan aiki a babban matakin);
• naman alade da nama (kayan nama suna da kyau, yawan aiki shine matsakaici);
• sebaceous (Layer na mai yana da kauri, greasing matakai fara a farkon watanni).

Nama ya bambanta ga kowane nau’in.

Babba fari

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun nau’in aladu mafi kyau a Rasha. Wakili mai haske na ƙungiyar gishiri nama. Samu ta hanyar haɓaka aladu na Sinanci, Neapolitan da Portuguese tare da nau’ikan Ingilishi.

Masu shayarwa na USSR sun sami damar samun nau’ikan waɗannan dabbobi guda biyu:

Halaye:

• jiki mai ƙarfi, babban matakin daidaitawa ga kowane yanayi daga kudanci zuwa yanayin zafi;
• manya-manyan hamma, kafafu masu karfi, faffadan baya mai fadi;
• Farin ulu;
• Matsakaicin nauyin dabbar balagagge zai iya zuwa 350 kg;
• matsakaicin zuriya – 10-12 shugabannin;
• saurin karuwar nauyi, a cikin wata na 6, alade na wannan nau’in nauyin kilogiram 100;
• manufa don hybridization tare da kowane irin aladu.

tseren ƙasa

Wannan alade naman ya fito ne daga Denmark. Alade na farko na wannan nau’in an samo su ne bayan haɓakar manyan nau’ikan Fari da Danish. Tun 1948, wadannan dabbobi sun fara yada zuwa Tarayyar Soviet.

Magana. Yankin kiwo shine duk nahiyar Turai. Wannan nau’in yana da kyawawan kayan gado don haye tare da wasu nau’ikan da zaɓi na gaba.

Babban fasali:

Aladu Landrace

• jiki mara nauyi, manyan hamma;
• farin ulu mai laushi;
• babba ya kai kilogiram 250 (maza), 300 kg (maza);
• yawanci farrowing yana da mutane 12;
• a watanni 6, tare da ciyarwa mai kyau, matasa za su sami har zuwa 100 kg;
• nauyi a kowace rana – 0.75 kg.

Duroc

Wakilin kungiyar nama. Zaɓin wannan nau’in an gudanar da shi a farkon karni na 19 a nahiyar Amurka. Da farko, an tayar da waɗannan aladu don man alade, kuma masu shayarwa sun tura su zuwa jagorancin nama da yawa daga baya.

Yankin rarraba ya kusan duk duniya. An haɗa Duroc a cikin jerin nau’ikan da aka yi amfani da su don haɓakawa.

Babban fasali:

• jiki mai ƙarfi, tsayi, manyan ƙafafu da hamma, faɗuwar kunnuwa;
• Launin gashi ya bambanta daga rawaya mai haske zuwa ja mai duhu;
• tsawon jikin alade mai girma shine 190 cm, matsakaicin nauyin namiji shine 300 kg, mata – 230 kg;
• farrowing yana da ƙananan ƙananan – mutane 9 kawai;
• Ƙananan dabbobi sun kai kilogiram 100 ta hanyar watanni 6;
• Matsakaicin nauyin nauyi a kowace rana zai iya zuwa daga 0,75 zuwa 0,95 kg.
• cikakke don kiwo.

Asiya ciki

Wannan nau’in na cikin rukunin naman alade ne. Har zuwa 1985, waɗannan aladu an yi su ne kawai a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Dabbobi sun zo Turai daga Vietnam. A yau an rarraba su a ko’ina cikin tsohuwar USSR.

Asalin ciki irin

Babban amfani da aladu shine saurin balaga. Mace tana iya haifuwa daga watanni 4, namiji – daga 6.

Babban fasali:

• fadi, ƙananan saiti, sagging ciki;
• bristles har zuwa 20 cm tsayi a cikin yankin baya, launi galibi baki ne tare da faci;
• a shekara daya, mace za ta auna fiye da 120 kg, da namiji – ba fiye da 140 kg;
• alade na iya haihuwa sau biyu a shekara, a matsakaici – 12 burin;
• da watanni 7-8, aladu yawanci suna samun daga 75 zuwa 85 kg.

Brazier

Wannan iri-iri ne na aladu. Ƙasar ta asali ita ce Hungary. An fitar da wakilai na farko a cikin karni na 19. A tsakiyar karni na karshe, wadannan dabbobi sun fara yin kiwo a Arewacin Caucasus da Moscow yankuna. A cikin Rasha ta yau, ana iya samun wannan iri-iri na musamman a cikin Caucasus.

Braziers suna da ulu mai kauri, wanda ke ba da rauni mai rauni ga tasirin canjin zafin jiki kwatsam.

Babban fasali:

• jiki yana da ƙarfi, matsakaici, manyan ƙafafu, ƙaƙƙarfan kofato;
• launin gashi ya bambanta, fifikon baki, launin ruwan kasa-ja, fari da inuwa ja;
• babba dabba yana da nauyin jiki na 125-150 kg (mace) da 155-180 kg (namiji);
• sarauniya ba su da yawa, farrowing yana da daga mutane 4 zuwa 6;
• a watanni 6, matasa ba za su auna fiye da 70 kg ba;
• unpretentious, daidai da sha kowane abinci;
• mafi ƙarancin cholesterol a cikin nama, mai mai inganci.

Karmal

Irin nama aladu. Wani nau’i ne mai ban sha’awa da aka samo ta hanyar haɗar brazier na Hungary tare da alade na Asiya. Sauƙaƙe yana jure ƙananan yanayin zafi, yana da yanayin kwantar da hankali.

Aladu Karmal

Babban fasali:

• babban jijiya mai ƙarfi;
• baƙar fata;
• saurin balaga, a matsakaita a ranar 115th na rayuwa;
• naman da balagagge yana da nauyin kilogiram 200;
• mahaifa yana iya haifar da ‘ya’ya 7-8;
• a cikin watanni 7, yara matasa yawanci suna samun kilogiram 80.

Berkshire

Yana wakiltar nau’in nama. An samo irin wannan nau’in ta hanyar haɓaka aladu daga lardin Berkshire tare da nau’in Portuguese, Sinanci da Neapolitan.

Wadannan dabbobin sun fi yadu a yankin Ukraine, Belarus, Rasha, Amurka da Ingila.

Babban fasali:

• lebur baya, tsayi da ƙarfi jiki, manyan hammata, ƙananan kunnuwa masu kaifi;
• launin gashi – baki, ƙananan ƙarancin fata;
• babba yakan yi nauyin kilogiram 250 (mace) da kilogiram 300 (namiji);
• ‘ya’yan suna ƙanana – ba fiye da burin 7 ba;
• 100-kilogram nauyi a cikin matasa dabbobi, yawanci ta 7 watanni;
• a lokacin rana, dabba ɗaya yana ƙara 0,7 kg;
• unpretentiousness, da yiwuwar ajiye ba tare da sito.

Farin Lithuania

Kunshe a cikin ƙungiyar aladu mai nama. An samo shi bayan haɓakar aladun Lithuania tare da Manyan Fari. A ƙarshe an amince da nau’in kawai a cikin 1967 bayan dogon zaɓi. Yankin rarraba a yau ya kasance yankin Lithuania.

Farin alade na Lithuania

Babban fasali:

• ci gaba, jiki mai ƙarfi, gina jiki mai kyau;
• kunnuwa ƙanana ne, duba gaba;
• farin ulu, fata yana da yawa mai yawa, babu folds akansa;
• Nauyin babban namiji shine 310-320 kg, mata – 210-230 kg, bi da bi, tsawon jiki 165-180 cm da 145-160 cm;
• zuriya tana ba mutane 10-12;
• a watanni 7, matasa suna auna kilo 100.

Pietrain

Alade nama iri-iri. Bred a Belgium a cikin karni na 19 ta hanyar haɓaka Berkshire da manyan farar fata.

Ana amfani da waɗannan dabbobi sau da yawa don haɓakawa tare da sauran nau’ikan Turai (a Faransa, Ingila, Netherlands). Wannan yana ba ku damar ƙara yawan nama na zuriyar da aka haifar.

Babban fasali:

• m jiki, nama hams, ɓullo da tsoka tsarin, kaifi gajerun kunnuwa;
• ulu fari ne mai faci na launin toka da baki;
• babba yana auna kilogiram 230-270 (maza) da 210-240 kg (mata);
• Yawan haihuwa suna ƙasa da matsakaita, zuriya ɗaya ba ta kawo fiye da aladu 8 ba;
• nauyin rayuwa a cikin yanki na 100-120 kg yawanci ana samun su ta hanyar watanni 7-8;
• ingancin abinci ya kamata koyaushe ya kasance mai gamsarwa, waɗannan aladu suna zaɓar abinci;
• high excitability idan akwai damuwa.

Lacombe

Wakilin nama. An fara yin ta ne a Kanada sakamakon haɓakar aladun Berkshire da nau’in Landrace ta wakilan gida. Wannan nau’in ya kasance mai rayayye a cikin yankuna da yawa na Rasha tun 1964.

Alade Lacombe

Babban fasali:

• mai karfi, jiki mai tsayi;
• rigan gajere ne, fari;
• farkon maturing irin (shirye don kiwo a 145-165 kwanakin rayuwa);
• manya dabbobi suna auna daga 250 (mata) zuwa 310 kg (maza);
• daya zuriya yakan ba da kawunan 9-10;
• ci gaban matasa yana girma sosai, da watanni shida yana samun kilogiram 100.

Estoniya naman alade

Masu kiwon Estoniya sun karɓa. Bisa ga kundin tsarin mulki, sun fi kama Landrace. Yankin rarraba shine ƙasashen Baltic. Kiwo mai tsabta yana ba ku damar cimma babban matakin yawan aiki.

Babban fasali:

• mai karfi, jiki mai karfi, kunnuwa masu faduwa;
• A cikin girma, namiji zai sami nauyin nauyin kilogiram 315-330, kuma mace – 215-240 kg, tsawon jikin zai zama 175-185 cm da 155-165 cm, bi da bi;
• daya zuriya ya ba da kawuna 11;
• a lokacin rana, alade na iya ba da karuwa har zuwa 1 kg;
• Wakilan wannan nau’in suna auna 100 kg riga a cikin watanni shida.

Hampshire

Wadannan aladu suna cikin nau’in nama. An haife nau’in Hampshire na yau a cikin 1825 a Amurka ta hanyar haɗa aladu na Ingilishi daga Hampshire tare da aladu daga Kentucky.

hampshire alade

Yanzu waɗannan aladu suna raye-raye a ko’ina cikin nahiyar Amurka da ma a cikin ƙasashen Turai da dama.

Babban fasali:

• baya mai ƙarfi, dogon jiki, ƙananan kunnuwa madaidaiciya, manyan ƙafafu;
• rigar baƙar fata ce tare da sifa ta farar ratsin a kusa da jiki a cikin yankin ƙafafu na gaba da kafada;
• babba dabba yana auna kilo 200-250 (mata) da 300-310 kg (maza);
• Yawan haihuwa yana da ƙasa, daga mutane 6 zuwa 8 ga kowane zuriya;
• kowace rana, dabbobin matasa suna samun kusan kilogiram 0,95;
• Alade ya kai kilogiram 90-100 na nauyin rayuwa ta watanni 8;
• waɗannan dabbobi suna da sauƙin damuwa, sun ƙara yawan jin tsoro.

Temvors

Su ne wakilan nau’in naman alade. Bred a cikin karni na 18-19 a Burtaniya. Kakannin Tamworths aladu ne na jinsin gabas da kudancin da aka kawo zuwa Ingila daga Indiya, Sin da Afirka ta Yamma.

A yau sun fi shahara a Ingila, Kanada, nahiyar Ostiraliya da Amurka.

Halaye:

• matsakaita a cikin girman, ƙarfin da aka gina jiki mai ƙarfi, baya mara nauyi, faffadan kunnuwa, tsokoki masu tasowa;
• launi ya haɗa da launi na zinariya da ja;
• babba na iya samun kilogiram 220 na nauyi;
• daya zuriya ya kawo 6-10 a raga;
• Girman matasa yana samun kilogiram 100 da watanni 7;
• unpretentiousness, da ikon jure tsananin sanyi da kuma arewa iska;
• halin zamantakewa, rashin tashin hankali.

Irin Tamvors

Urzhumskaya

Wakilin kungiyar nama. An fara samo shi ta hanyar haɓaka nau’in lop-eared da manyan fararen iri.

Yankin rarraba ya shafi yawancin yankuna na Rasha. Don inganta alamun inganci, ana ƙetare nau’in a kai a kai tare da babban farar alade.

Halaye:

• karfi, jurewa jiki da kafafu, jiki yana elongated a tsakiya;
• lokacin farin ciki ulu na farin launi;
• tare da tsawon jiki na 175 cm, babba yana da nauyin kilogiram 320 (namiji) da 260 kg (mace);
• a cikin zuriya ɗaya, mahaifa yakan ba da kawunan 11-12;
• Ƙananan dabbobi suna auna kilo 100 riga 6 watanni bayan haihuwa;
• a lokacin rana, alade yana samun akalla 0,7 kg;
• ana buƙatar kiwo na yau da kullun.

Mirgorodskaya

Ɗaya daga cikin wakilai na yau da kullum na ƙungiyar mai-mai. Ya fara bayyana a yankin Poltava bayan haɓakar aladu masu gajeriyar kunne da manyan farare, temvor, matsakaicin fari da berkshire.

Wadannan dabbobi suna tartsatsi a cikin gandun daji-steppe na Ukraine da Rasha. Don ingancin nama mafi girma, wannan nau’in yawanci ana ketare shi tare da Pietrain da aladun Landrace.

Mirgorod alade tare da zuriya

Babban fasali:

• manyan hams, manyan baya da jiki;
• gashin yana da yawa kuma yana da launi iri-iri, babu folds akan fata;
• Nauyin manya alade shine 300 kg (maza) da 230 kg (mata);
• zuriya tana ba da aƙalla burin 12;
• Wannan nau’in yawanci yana samun kilogiram 100 da watanni shida;
• Matsakaicin riba a kowace rana shine 0,73 kg.

Arewacin Caucasian

A hankula iri-iri na nama-da-fat kungiyar. Filin kiwo sune Krasnodar da Rostov. An samo irin wannan nau’in ta hanyar haɓaka nau’in Kuban tare da farin gajere-kunne da fari babba.

Haɗuwa da sikelin sikelin kasuwanci ya yadu. Saboda rashin fahimta a cikin abun ciki, an rarraba shi kusan ko’ina cikin Rasha.

Babban fasali:

• ci gaba, jiki mai siffar ganga, babban baya, babban naman alade;
• gashi mai yawa tare da baƙar fata ko bambance-bambancen launi, a cikin hunturu, ana lura da samuwar rigar ƙasa;
• Nauyin manya yawanci 240 kg (mace), 350 kg (namiji);
• matsakaicin zuriya yana ba da 11 piglets;
• Dabbobin matasa yawanci suna kai kilogiram 120 na nauyi ta watan 8 na rayuwa;
• da kyau kiyaye a Semi-bude pigsties.

Siberian…