Zazzabin aladu na Afirka

Zazzabin aladu na Afirka cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa wacce ke iya lalata dabbobi da sauri. Zazzabin Montgomery ya shiga Rasha a shekara ta 2007 kuma cikin sauri ya bazu ko’ina cikin kasar. Sakamakon ASF, an kashe mutane sama da miliyan 1 sannan aka kona su, an lalata gonaki da dama.

Annobar Afirka: Yankin keɓe

Tarihin faruwa

Annobar Afirka ta bayyana a farkon karni na 20. An yi rajistar barkewar cutar ta farko a tsakanin mutane na daji. Daga Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ake la’akari da asalin cutar, ASF ya zo Turai sannan kuma zuwa Amurka. Yanzu zazzabin Montgomery ya mamaye kowace nahiya.

A Rasha, cutar ta bayyana a shekara ta 2007. An yi rajistar barkewar cutar ta farko a kusa da kan iyaka da Jojiya. A 2008, ASF ta buge Stavropol Territory, kuma daga baya Krasnodar. A shekara ta 2009, cutar ta shiga yankin tsakiyar Rasha, kuma bayan shekara guda ya riga ya kasance a yankin Leningrad. A cikin 2017, an gano kusan 500 foci na kamuwa da cuta, fiye da aladu miliyan 1 sun lalace.

Hanyoyin kamuwa da cuta

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don kamuwa da cutar:

• aerogenic (a iska);
• alimentary (ta hanyar mucous membranes ko ta fata).

Bayan shiga cikin jikin alade, ƙwayoyin cuta sun fara cutar da macrophages – sel waɗanda ke iya tsayayya da shi. Sannan kwayar cutar ta kama tsarin jini, tasoshin lymphatic. A sakamakon haka, thrombosis yana faruwa. Bayan cikakken ci gaban cutar, rigakafi yana raguwa, an kafa necrosis mai yawa, yawancin cututtukan subcutaneous da na ciki suna faruwa.

Mutuwar aladu

Hanyoyin kamuwa da cuta:

• kayan gona mai iri;
• gurbataccen abinci mai gina jiki;
• sharar da ba ta da zafi da ake ciyar da aladu;
• gurbataccen ruwa;
• saduwa da aladu marasa lafiya;
• sadarwa na dabbobi tare da masu tsaka-tsaki na pathogen – mutane, mice, berayen;
• ciyar da sharar gida daga yankan mutanen da suka kamu da cutar.

Idan aka yi asarar dabbobi da yawa, ya zama tilas manomi ya tuntubi asibitin kula da dabbobi na gundumar don kiran kwararru a wurin.

Hankali! Kada ku zubar da matattun gawarwaki da kanku, wannan na iya haifar da yaduwar cutar!

Ba a samar da allurar rigakafin zazzabin aladu na Afirka ba, kuma babu magani, don haka kusan duk dabbobin da suka kamu da cutar suna mutuwa.

Alamu da alamun cutar

Tsawon lokacin shiryawa na zazzabin aladu na Afirka ya dogara ne da rigakafin gaba ɗaya na dabba da adadin ƙwayoyin cuta da suka shiga jikinta. Mafi sau da yawa, yana ɗaukar kwanaki 2 zuwa 10 kafin alamun farko na cutar ya bayyana. A wasu lokuta, zazzabin Montgomery ya zama na yau da kullun, sannan lokacin shiryawa zai iya kai har zuwa watanni 8-10.

Alamomin zazzabin aladu na Afirka:

• zafin jiki ya tashi sama da digiri 41;
• ƙin ciyarwa;
• rashin lafiyar dabbobi gaba ɗaya;
• zawo tare da jini, ƙasa da sau da yawa – maƙarƙashiya;
• kumburi na lymph nodes;
• hemorrhages na subcutaneous, bayyanar hematomas;
• anemia, farin mucous membranes;
• gazawar numfashi, gazawar zuciya;
• gurgunta kafafun baya;
• farkon balaga.

Shanyewar kafafun baya a cikin aladu

Dole ne a lalatar da dukan dabbobi masu ciwo ta hanyar konewa. Ana yin hakan ne don hana yaduwar kamuwa da cuta.

Siffofin cutar

Akwai nau’i uku na zazzabin aladu na Afirka:

1. Mummunan yanayin cutar yana da saurin haɓakawa cikin tsananin alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Na farko, alade yana da yawan zafin jiki, ta ƙi cin abinci, kuma tsokar zuciya ta lalace. Dabba yana kwance kusan koyaushe, ba shi da isasshen iska, ƙarancin numfashi ya fara. Kafin mutuwa, yawan zafin jiki yakan sauko, alade baya amsawa ga abubuwan da ke waje kuma ya fada cikin coma. A cikin mummunan yanayin cutar daga bayyanar alamun farko zuwa mutuwa, yana ɗaukar kwanaki 2-3.
2. Nau’in zazzabin aladu na Afirka yana tasowa a hankali. Zazzabi na dabba ya ragu, sannan ya sake tashi. Alade ko dai ya ƙi ci, ko kuma ya ci kaɗan kaɗan, ya yi kama da mara nauyi. Mutuwa tana faruwa a cikin makonni 2-3, galibi daga gazawar zuciya.
3. Tsarin cutar na yau da kullun yana nuna matsakaicin tsananin alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Ciwon alade yana raguwa, zazzabi lokaci-lokaci yana faruwa, raunuka suna bayyana a ƙarƙashin fata. Mafi sau da yawa, a cikin nau’in annoba na Afirka na yau da kullum, mutane suna mutuwa saboda gajiya.

Wani lokaci ba duk dabbobi suna nuna alamun cutar ba, amma duk mutane suna ƙarƙashin lalacewa. Alamun zazzabin aladu na Afirka na iya bambanta saboda maye gurbin kwayar cutar.

Matakan sarrafawa da rigakafin

Ya zuwa yanzu, ba shi yiwuwa a hana kamuwa da sabbin yankuna, don haka sabis na dabbobi zai iya ɗaukar yaduwar cutar zazzabin aladu ta Afirka kawai. Babban abu shine don hana farawar annoba.

Matakan hana yaduwar ASF sun haɗa da:

• lalata dabbobi marasa lafiya;
• ƙona kaya wanda aladu suka yi hulɗa da su;
• ƙaddamar da keɓewa ba kawai a gonar ba, har ma a kan duk gonakin da ke cikin radius na kilomita 20 daga gare ta;
• ciyarwa da rugujewar gine-gine sun lalace;
• babban tsarin – disinfect;
• a cikin yankin keɓewa, an haramta sayar da naman alade da samfurori daga gare ta, da kuma sayar da dabbobin matasa da dabbobin kiwo;
• Ana yanka shanu ta hanyar rashin jini ana kona su.

Ana kashe aladu marasa lafiya ana kona su

A cikin nisan kilomita 20 daga gonar da aka gano cutar, an lalata dukkanin aladu. An ba da izinin kera abincin gwangwani daga naman dabbobi masu lafiya a yankin keɓe.

Hankali! Kuna iya siyan sabbin aladu kafin kwanaki 40 bayan an ɗaga keɓe.

Don hana yaduwar cutar, likitocin dabbobi sun ba da shawarar sayen dabbobi kawai a gonaki. Kada ku ciyar da dabbobin da ba a san su ba da kuma sharar abincin da ba a yi maganin zafi ba. Masu mallaka kada su ƙyale kewayon aladu kyauta da hulɗar su da baƙi.

Shin zazzabin aladu na Afirka yana da haɗari ga mutane?

Likitoci da masu binciken cututtuka sun musanta hatsarin zazzabin aladu na Afirka ga mutane. Kwayar cutar tana mutuwa a yanayin zafi sama da digiri 70, don haka ana iya yin abinci na gwangwani daga naman dabbobin da ba su da lafiya, amma a yankin keɓe. A yayin binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje, an tabbatar da cewa abin da ke haifar da zazzabin alade ba ya haifar da haɗari ga mutane.

Amma kwayar cutar ta ci gaba da canzawa, don haka masana kimiyya suna tsoron bullowar sabbin nau’ikan. Masana ilimin cututtukan dabbobi sun yarda da bullowar wani nau’in zazzabin aladu na Afirka wanda kuma zai iya shafar mutane.

Zazzabin Montgomery na kawo babbar illa ga tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Babban farashin yana zuwa matakan keɓewa da lalata dabbobi marasa lafiya.