Cutar murar aladu a aladu

Murar alade tana da haɗari saboda cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa. Idan ba a gano alamunta a kan lokaci ba, babban ɓangaren garken zai iya kamuwa da shi nan da nan. Kuma ko da yake yawan mace-macen irin wannan cuta ya yi ƙasa sosai, har yanzu yana da ikon haifar da mummunar illa ga yawan aiki da lafiyar dabbobi. Bugu da kari, mutum ma yana kula da abin da ke haifar da irin wannan cuta, wanda ya kara dagula lamarin.

Murar alade a cikin aladu

Menene mura na aladu?

Murar alade (murar alade) tana nufin cututtuka na nau’in numfashi. A cikin dabbobi, cutar ta haifar da cutar, wanda shine cutar H1N1. An gano cutar ta farko ta wannan kwayar cutar a cikin 1930 ta masanin kimiyar Amurka Richard Shope. A wancan lokacin, muraran alade a cikin aladu ba a gano su kawai zuwa Arewacin Amurka da Mexico. Annobar ta yadu zuwa Turai da Asiya a shekara ta 2009.

Ya kamata a lura cewa murar alade cuta ce mai yaduwa. Mafi yawan lokuta na kamuwa da cuta na aladu tare da wannan ƙwayar cuta za a iya gano su a cikin rabi na biyu na kaka da hunturu. Amma, sau da yawa cutar tana faruwa a cikin sauran shekara. A wannan yanayin, watsa pathogen na iya faruwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban:

1. Airborne tare da kusancin dabbobi.
2. Ta hanyar abubuwa da abubuwan da ke cikin dakin da aka ajiye aladu marasa lafiya. Busasshen ƙwayoyin cuta ko daskararre na iya kasancewa cikin raye-rayen da aka dakatar har tsawon shekaru 4. Idan a wannan lokacin ya sake shiga cikin sassan numfashi na dabbobi ko mutane, kwayar cutar ta sake kunnawa kuma ta fara ninka.
3. Ta taki.
4. Tare da ciyarwa gabaɗaya.
5. Ta hanyar ma’aikatan sabis waɗanda suka kamu da cutar daga dabbobi marasa lafiya. Cutar cututtuka na likitocin dabbobi da ma’aikatan da suka yi hulɗa da dabbobin da suka kamu da cutar ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.

An kuma gano cewa kwayar cutar tana iya rayuwa a cikin jikin tsutsotsin duniya har tsawon shekaru 2 ko fiye, har ma ana yada shi ga matasa yayin haifuwa. A lokaci guda kuma, lokacin da aladu suka tsage ƙasa kuma suka ci tsutsotsi, kwayar cutar ta shiga yanayi mai kyau kuma ta fara haɓakawa sosai.

Gabaɗaya, ko da yake mura na aladu yana da muni sosai, ga manya a mafi yawan lokuta ba ya mutuwa. Amma idan matasa dabbobi suna da saukin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta, to a cikin 10-60% na lokuta cutar ta haifar da sakamako mai mutuwa. Bugu da ƙari, ko da alade ya tsira, yawan amfanin sa yana raguwa sosai. Abin da ya fi dacewa da tasirin wannan ƙwayar cuta shine gaskiyar cewa lokacin da kyallen takarda suka lalace, zai iya haifar da yanayi masu kyau don ci gaban microflora daban-daban na pathogenic. Hakanan zai iya haifar da cututtuka na biyu mafi tsanani wanda ke tsananta yanayin yanayin alade.

Pathology na iya haifar da cututtuka na biyu mafi tsanani

A cikin dabbobi da mutane, bayyanar cututtukan alade sun fi kama da su. Ana iya bayyana shi a cikin m, subacute da kuma atypical form. A wannan yanayin, lokacin shiryawa, dangane da yanayin dabba da wasu dalilai masu yawa, na iya zuwa daga rana 1 zuwa mako guda.

Alamomi da alamomi

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, mura na alade yana nufin cututtukan numfashi. Yana shiga jiki ta hanyar numfashi. Anan ya zauna a kan mucous membrane na trachea da bronchi, a hankali yana shiga cikin manyan bukukuwa na epithelium. Kwayar cutar na tasowa musamman da sauri lokacin da ta shiga cikin exudate, wanda ke taruwa a cikin sassan numfashi a lokacin sanyi da sanyi.

Da zarar a cikin trachea ko bronchi, kwayar cutar ta fara haɓakawa da haɓaka. Wannan yana haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga mucous membrane na fili na numfashi, sannan kuma kumburi daga saman saman kyallen takarda. A cikin ci gaban cutar, ana gano necrosis na sel na sama, bayan haka an ƙi su kuma an fitar da su tare da tari.

Bugu da ƙari, a cikin tsarin rayuwa, ƙwayoyin cuta suna iya haɗakar da gubobi waɗanda zasu iya haifar da rikice-rikice a cikin aiki na tsarin juyayi da na zuciya. Ruwan jini ya fi shafa musamman. Karkashin tasirin kwayar cutar, bangon su ya zama sirara, kuma tasoshin sukan fashe, wanda ke bayyana kansa a cikin kumbura a kan fata, da kuma zubar da jini da ƙananan jini a cikin gabobin ciki da mucous membrane na numfashi na numfashi.

Dangane da sauye-sauyen da aka jera a cikin jikin da mura na aladu ke haifarwa, alamun alamun alade suna bayyana a cikin waɗannan abubuwan:

• zafi A matsayinka na mai mulki, ya kai digiri 41-42 kuma yana da shaida cewa jiki yana ƙoƙarin yaki da pathogen;
• rashin jin daɗi na dabba gaba ɗaya da asarar ci;
• wheezing a cikin huhu da bronchi;
• sannu a hankali tari yana daɗaɗawa;
• kumburin mucous daga kogon hanci;
• kumburi da rufin ido (conjunctivitis);
• a wasu lokuta, ana iya gano zubar jini na hanci da bushewar scabs a cikin yankin nickel;
• sau da yawa cutar yana tare da karuwa mai karfi a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph a jiki;
• wahalar numfashi tare da canzawa zuwa ciki.

Symptomatology na cutar

Har ila yau, a kan tushen rashin jin daɗi, yanayin damuwa mai zurfi na iya tasowa. Ya ta’allaka ne a cikin gaskiyar cewa alade yana kwance mafi yawan lokuta kuma ba ta wata hanya ta amsa abin da ke faruwa a kusa. Idan cutar ta dade tana ci gaba a cikin jiki, tana shafar aikin zuciya da tsarin jini. Alamar da ta fi daukar hankali ta wannan lamari ita ce, fatar da ke cikin sashin jiki na jiki tana samun launin shudi.

Lokacin da aka jinkirta tare da jiyya, kwayar cutar na iya cutar da haɗin gwiwa da tsokoki na dabbobi. A sakamakon haka, duk motsi yana haifar da su zafi, wanda ke nuna kansa a cikin alamun waje (ƙuƙwalwa, ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci, rage yawan aiki).

A cikin manya masu haɓaka tsarin rigakafi, cutar ta ƙare a cikin kwanaki 7-10, sannan ta dawo. Idan jikin alade ya yi rauni a lokacin kamuwa da cuta, mura na alade na iya kasancewa tare da matsaloli daban-daban, gami da guba na jini. A sakamakon haka, dabbar ta mutu da sauri.

Ga alade, ci gaban cutar yana da wahala musamman. A kan asalinsa, cututtuka na biyu sukan tasowa, wanda za’a iya gano su ta hanyar alamun asibiti.

Bincike

Binciken mura na alade, kamar kowace cuta, ya dogara ne akan gano alamun asibiti da gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje. A cikin akwati na biyu, ana nazarin samfuran da aka ɗauka daga alade mara lafiya. Ana gudanar da wannan bincike ta hanyoyi biyu:

Gwajin wanke hanci ko gogewa daga kogon hanci

1. Gwajin wanke hanci ko gogewa daga kogon hanci. Abubuwan da aka samo suna nunawa ga sera daban-daban, wanda ke taimakawa wajen gano ainihin nau’in ƙwayar cuta.
2. Gwajin samfurin jini. A wannan yanayin, makasudin ba shine a gano ƙwayar cutar mura da kanta ba, amma ƙwayoyin rigakafi sun haɓaka don yaƙar ta. A cikin kwanaki 10-14 daga farkon cutar, adadin su a cikin jini yana ƙaruwa fiye da sau 2. Kuma idan an gano irin wannan karuwa, to, ƙwayoyin cuta suna cikin jini kuma ana aiwatar da ainihin ganewar su.

Magana. Kwayar cutar H1N1 da abubuwan da suka samo asali sun yi kama da alamun bayyanar cututtuka da haɓaka zuwa sauran cututtukan numfashi. Sabili da haka, gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje a lokacin ganewar asali wajibi ne don ƙayyade ainihin yanayin cutar.

Magani

A halin yanzu babu takamaiman rigakafin mura na aladu. Ana aiwatar da magani musamman tare da maganin rigakafi da magunguna da nufin kawar da alamu. Har ila yau, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen sulfanilamide don magance cututtuka, cututtuka na biyu, daga cikinsu akwai sulfadimezin da norsulfazol. Sera na rigakafi yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka aikin manyan magunguna da hanyoyin kariya na dabba. Dangane da nau’in, ana yi musu allurar subcutaneously ko shafa su azaman iska mai iska.

Hakanan, don tsawon lokacin jiyya, ana sanya dabbar a ƙarƙashin keɓe tare da yanayi na musamman na tsare. Don keɓewa, ɗaki mai dumi mai kyau ya dace, wanda ake tsaftace taki, datti da ragowar abinci akai-akai. Abincin kuma yana canzawa. Ya dogara ne akan slurries na ruwa, waɗanda ke sauƙaƙe narkewa kuma baya buƙatar babban adadin kuzari don narkewa. Don inganta sha’awar dabba, ana saka man anise ko dill a cikin irin wannan abincin, wanda ke kara warin abinci.

Rigakafi

Rigakafin cutar murar aladu a gonaki ya ƙunshi manyan wurare biyu. Na farko shi ne don kauce wa hulɗa tare da yuwuwar tushen pathogen. Hanya ta biyu ita ce gaba ɗaya ƙarfafa hanyoyin kariya na yawan alade.

Tsayar da aladu a cikin tsabta da ɗakuna masu dumi

Babban matakan rigakafi a bangarorin biyu sun haɗa da:

1. Tsayar da aladu na musamman a bushe, tsabta da ɗakuna masu dumi. Yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye waɗannan wuraren a cikin kaka da hunturu, lokacin da cutar ta yadu musamman a hankali.
2. Tabbatar da daidaitaccen abinci wanda ya haɗa da dukkanin bitamin da ma’adanai masu mahimmanci. A cikin lokacin sanyi, yana da kyawawa don haɓaka abinci tare da abubuwan bitamin, ma’adinai da ma’aunin makamashi.
3. Banda cunkoson abun ciki na garken.
4. Ƙungiya na abubuwan da suka faru don hardening matasa dabbobi. Don yin wannan, shirya alkalan da aka rufe na musamman, wanda aladu suke lokaci-lokaci, amma ba na dogon lokaci ba, tafiya tare da farkon yanayin sanyi.
5. Yarda da keɓancewar abun ciki na sabbin aladu. Lokacin keɓewa aƙalla kwanaki 30 ne. Idan babu alamun bayyanar cututtuka, ana sanya dabba a cikin babban garken.
6. Yin amfani da magungunan alogogenic wanda ke ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi na dabbobi.
7. Disinfection na lokaci-lokaci na wuraren kiwon alade tare da mafita na 4% hydrogen peroxide, lemun tsami, 2% aidin monochloride.

Hankali! Yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi don siyan aladu daga wasu gonaki a lokacin lokacin daga ƙarshen kaka zuwa farkon bazara. Musamman idan bayarwa yana buƙatar tafiya mai nisa. A lokacin sufuri, dabbar na iya kamuwa da mura kuma ya haifar da annoba a gonar.

Idan a lokacin lura da dabbobin, ana zargin wasu mutane da kamuwa da murar alade, nan da nan za a ware su. Don kula da irin waɗannan aladu a cikin manyan gonaki, an ware ma’aikata daban-daban, waɗanda bai kamata su kasance tare da wasu dabbobi ba. Na’ura ko ɗakin da aka ajiye dabbar mara lafiya ana lalata su kullum.

Kammalawa

Saboda yaduwa da kuma bayyana mummunan tasiri a jiki, mura na alade na iya haifar da mummunar illa ga gonar alade. Shi ya sa ya fi sauki da araha don guje wa cutar fiye da magance ta. Bugu da ƙari, babban ɓangaren matakan rigakafi shine kulawa da dacewa da kulawa da dabbobi. Amma, idan, duk da haka, ba zai yiwu a guje wa kwayar cutar ba, dole ne a dauki matakan gaggawa.