Babban nau’in alade farar fata
Mafi yawan nau’in aladu a Rasha. Babban nau’in farin da aka kawo zuwa Rasha daga Ingila an canza shi sosai kuma an inganta shi sakamakon tsawaita zaɓi. A gaskiya ma, an kirkiro wani sabon nau’in gida, wanda ta fuskoki da yawa ya zarce na Ingilishi Large White. Dabbobin wannan nau’in suna da fararen launi, an gina su daidai, suna da lafiya. Jiki yana da fadi, tsayi, mai zurfi, tare da fadi da baya ba tare da “tsangwama” a bayan kafada ba. An kashe hamma da kyau. Gaɓoɓin suna da ƙanƙanta, ba tare da folds na fata ba, tare da ƙaƙƙarfan kofato da gajerun fastoci na roba. Fatar tana da ƙarfi, na roba, ba tare da folds ba. Garin ba shi da ƙanƙara, santsi, mai yawa ya rufe dukkan jiki. Matsakaicin rayuwa na boars manya shine 340-360 kg, shuka – 230-280 kg. Tsawon boars shine 175-185 cm, shuka – 161-165 cm. Yawan ciki na sarauniya daga 10 zuwa 12 piglets tare da matsakaicin nauyin alade a lokacin haihuwar 1,1-1,3 kg, nauyin rayuwa na zuriyar dabbobi a ranar 21st ya kai 48-50 kg. Bayan watanni biyu, nauyin kowane alade shine 16-18 kg. Tare da kitso mai zurfi, yara matasa a cikin watanni 7 suna da nauyin rayuwa na 100 kg a farashin abinci na 4-4,5. raka’a da 1 kg na girma.
Siberian arewa irin
An halicci nau’in da ya dace da kiwo a cikin yanayin yanayi mai tsanani na Siberiya bisa ga haɗuwa da halayen halittu na aladu na asali, wanda ya dace da yanayin muhalli, tare da kyawawan kaddarorin masana’anta, wanda ke da babban aiki a cikin tattalin arziki mai kyau. yanayi.
Don wannan dalili, an ketare aladu masu gajeren kunne na gida tare da manyan fararen. Wakilan nau’in Arewacin Siberiya suna bambanta ta hanyar tsarin su mai ƙarfi, juriya mai girma da kuma daidaitawa ga yanayin tsarewa. Dabbobin farin launi, tare da ingantaccen ƙirji mai haɓaka, fadi da madaidaiciyar baya da hammata masu kyau. Garin yana da tsayi da kauri. Adult boars suna da nauyin kilogiram 310-370, shuka – 230-250 kg. Yawan shuka – 11 ko fiye. Matsakaicin ribar yau da kullun na matasa na dabbobi don kitso shine kusan 760 g kowace rana, akan farashin abinci 4,0-4,2. raka’a da 1 kg na girma, yawan nama a cikin gawa – 53-54%.
Aladu na Siberian arewacin nau’in farin kwat da wando, nama-mai shugabanci na yawan aiki, m tsarin mulki. A cikin bayyanar, sun yi kama da aladu na babban nau’in farin, amma ba kamar na karshen ba, suna da girman girman jiki da kuma daidaitawa ga yanayin Siberiya.
Fadi mai fadi
An bred a cikin Yaroslavl yankin ta ƙetare gida aladu na Rasha Non-Black Duniya yankin tare da Danish, matsakaici da kuma manyan fari, Latvia lop-eared da kuma Polissya aladu a kan aiwatar da farko unsystematic, sa’an nan kuma m zabi. An amince da nau’in Breit a matsayin nau’in mai zaman kansa a cikin 1948.
Breit aladu suna da girma a girman tare da dogayen kunnuwa rataye. kawunansu yana da girman matsakaici tare da bayanin martaba mai lankwasa; wuyansa gajere ne, nama; ganaches suna da fadi, sanya; wuyansa da sacrum suna da fadi, madaidaiciya, kafafu ba su da tsayi, karfi, da kyau a kafa, tare da kofato masu karfi; fata yana da yawa, wani lokacin nade; bristles suna da kauri, fari; akwai dabbobi masu kananan aibobi masu duhu. Aladu na jiki mai yawa, tare da nau’ikan naman da aka haɓaka da kyau da na baya na uku na jiki, tsarin mulki mai ƙarfi, amfani da wuraren kiwo da kyau, suna cinye abinci mai yawa, ana bambanta su da halaye na musamman na haifuwa, sarauniya suna da halaye masu kyau na uwa. , kawo zuriya masu yawa.
Nauyin rayuwa na manya – 300-320 kg, sarauniya – 230-250 kg.
Girman samari yana da girman girman girma, da kitso sosai, yana cin abinci mai yawan gaske, kuma ana siffanta shi da yawan yawan nama. Shekarun kai nauyin nauyin kilogiram 100 shine kwanaki 182, matsakaicin riba na yau da kullun a cikin kitso shine 732 g, farashin abinci a kowace kilogiram 1 na riba shine raka’a abinci 3,86, gawar alade da aka yanka tare da nauyin kilogiram 100 sun ƙunshi. 50,2% na nama da 39.9% mai.
Halin rayuwa
Bred da kiwo aladu na asali ba a sani ba, bred na dogon lokaci a cikin tsakiyar Black Earth yankin na Rasha. Ana ɗaukar ƙasarsu a matsayin yankunan Oryol da Lipetsk. Sun samu suna daga birnin Livny, dake yankin Oryol.
Aladu na Yorkshire, Berkshire, Lincoln, Temvor, Polish-China irin nau’in da suka bayyana a nune-nunen Oryol da Kursk sun shiga cikin ƙirƙirar manyan aladu masu girma da wuri. An amince da jinsin a cikin 1949.
Aladu na nau’in Liven galibi fararen launi ne, amma a cikin su akwai kuma dabbobi masu launin duhu masu launin toka mai launin toka wanda ke rufe wani karamin sashi na jikin. Suna da girma da girma, da jiki mai tsayi, fadi da zurfin jiki, karamin kai mai lankwasa bayanan hanci da dogayen kunnuwa masu rataye. Kashin baya yana da ƙarfi, baya madaidaiciya, fadi, sacrum yana rataye. Sau da yawa fata yana naɗewa.
Matsakaicin nauyin nauyin boars shine 302 kg, sarauniya – 241 kg, ciki mai yawa na sarauniya – 10-11 piglets da farrow, samar da madara – 53,8 kg, adadin alade zuwa yaye – shugabannin 10, matsakaicin nauyin alade zuwa nauyi – 17.2 kg.
Aladu na nau’in Liven suna da tasiri sosai idan aka ketare aladu na sauran nau’in kuma ana amfani da su a cikin tsarin haɓaka don samun aladu masu kasuwa don kitso.
Urzhum irin
Bred a cikin gonaki na yankin Kirov ta hanyar zaɓi na aladu na gida, inganta tare da babban nau’in farin. Tushen samar da nau’in nau’in shi ne manyan aladu na lop-eared na gida, waɗanda aka daɗe ana yin su a cikin tsaka-tsakin Volga da Vyatka a cikin babban yanki na tsohon lardin Vyatka. Ci gaban kiwo na alade a wannan yanki ya sami sauƙaƙa ta hanyar kiwo na kiwo a cikin yanki mai faɗin gandun daji, wanda ke samar da ɓarna daga yin man shanu da sauran kayayyakin kiwo. Lokacin ketare aladu na gida tare da nau’ikan da aka shigo da su, manoma sun nemi adana irin waɗannan halaye masu mahimmanci na aladu na gida kamar masu juna biyu, daidaitawa ga yanayin tsarin, ingantaccen tsarin mulki, da ikon girma da kyau akan abinci mai arha. An gwada nau’in a cikin 1952.
Alade suna da girma a girman, suna da jiki mai tsawo, nau’in nama da aka ƙayyade, kafafu masu karfi. Shugaban yana da matsakaici a girman tare da ɗan ɗan lanƙwasa bayanan hanci, kunnuwa suna da matsakaici a girman. Ganache haske ne. Kirji yana haɓaka sosai. Bayan yana da tsayi, madaidaiciya, ɗan kimiya. Sacrum yana da faɗi kuma madaidaiciya. An haɓaka haman da kyau kuma an kashe su. An zagaye sassan, ciki yana tarawa. Glandar mammary tare da nonuwa 12-14 daidai gwargwado yana haɓaka sosai. Ƙafafun suna da ƙarfi, an saita su sosai, kofato suna da ƙarfi. Fatar tana da roba ba tare da folds ba da alamun haɓakawa. Jikin yana ko’ina an rufe shi da bristles masu laushi. Kwat din fari ne. Jagoran yawan aiki shine nama da naman alade. Nauyin rayuwa na boars – 320-330 kg, Sarauniya – 250-270 kg. Yawan ciki na sarauniya – 10,6-11,9 burin.
Dabbobin dabbobi don kitso suna ba da matsakaicin matsakaiciyar yau da kullun (730-780 g), ciyarwar tattalin arziki (3,7-3,9 raka’a abinci) – Lokacin yankan nauyin nauyin kilogiram 100, gawa masu inganci tare da bakin ciki Layer na subcutaneous. mai da babban abun ciki na nama maras nauyi, zuwa shirye-shiryen naman alade mai inganci.
Arewacin Caucasian iri
An ƙirƙira shi a cikin yankin Rostov da yankin Krasnodar ta hanyar hayewar haifuwa na aladu Kuban na gida tare da dabbobin manyan farare, Berkshire, nau’ikan fararen fararen gajere tare da zaɓi na dogon lokaci.
Aladu na Arewacin Caucasian nau’in suna da fadi da kai tare da snout na matsakaicin tsayi, tare da ɗan lanƙwasa a cikin bayanin martaba, ƙirji mai zurfi da fadi tare da haƙarƙari mai zagaye ba tare da tsangwama a bayan kafada ba. Gishiri na kirji a bayan kafada a cikin boars yawanci daidai yake da tsawon jiki, kuma a cikin mahaifa tsakanin waɗannan ma’auni guda biyu akwai bambanci na 5-6 cm. Baya da kunci suna da fadi, na matsakaicin tsayi, madaidaiciya; dunƙule yana da fadi da zagaye, hams suna da kyau a kashe su, zagaye, zurfi, saukowa ƙasa zuwa hock; kafafu suna da ƙarfi, tare da kofato mai ƙarfi. kwarangwal ya fi na Large White aladu sirara. Garin yana da yawa, mai laushi, a ko’ina yana rufe dukkan jiki, tare da rigar rigar kauri. Launi na aladu na Arewacin Caucasian nau’in shine baki-da-fari, baki da fari. An gwada nau’in a cikin 1954.
Aladu na wannan nau’in suna da alamun masu zuwa: nauyin rayuwa na boars – 312 kg, sarauniya – 224 kg; Matsakaicin haɓakar sarauniyar kiwo shine 10-12 piglets kowace farrow; jimlar nauyin gida a cikin kwanakin 30 shine 70-75 kg.
Daga karshen 60s. Aikin kiwo na karni na XX tare da nau’in ana gudanar da shi a cikin jagorancin nama.
Murom iri
An samu a sakamakon ketare aladu na gida bred a cikin gonakin Murom da sauran yankuna na yankin Vladimir kusa da shi, na farko tare da Lithuanian, sannan tare da aladu na babban nau’in farin. An amince da shi a 1957
Wani muhimmin abin da ake buƙata don haɓaka kiwo na alade a wannan yanki shine tushen abinci mai kyau, wanda ya haɓaka saboda noman hatsi, dankali, da samar da madara da kayan kiwo.
Aladu nama-mai shugabanci na yawan aiki. Suna da gajeriyar jiki, amma mai yawa jiki na siffofi masu zagaye. Shugaban yana da matsakaici a girman tare da madaidaiciyar bayanin martaba da kunnuwa suna rataye gaba. Madaidaici, ɗan leƙen asiri baya, sacrum mai zubewa. An yi hamma, an zagaye bangarorin. Ƙafafun ba su da tsayi, amma masu ƙarfi, tare da kofato masu ƙarfi. Fatar na roba ne, ba tare da wrinkles ba. Kwat din fari ne. Jikin ya cika girma, daidai an rufe shi da kauri mai laushi. Matsakaicin nauyin nauyin boars shine 307 kg, na sarauniya shine 249 kg, tsayin jiki shine 179 da 166 cm, bi da bi. – 10.8 kg.
Matasan dabbobi a kan kitso suna nuna yawan kitse da yawan nama: shekarun da suka kai nauyin nauyin kilogiram 100 shine kwanaki 190, matsakaicin riba yau da kullun a fattening daga 30 zuwa 100 kg na nauyin rayuwa shine 734 g, tare da farashin ciyar da 1 kg na abinci. riba na 3,97 abinci raka’a, tsawon gawa – 98 cm, kauri daga cikin kitsen a kan 6-7th thoracic vertebrae – 29 mm, yankin na u33bu2bthe “muscular ido” – 11,6 cmXNUMX, nauyin nauyi. kafa baya – XNUMX kg.
Kemerovo irin
An samo shi ta hanyar hayewar haifuwa na ingantaccen nau’in farin nau’in aladun Siberian na gida tare da boars Berkshire, manyan nau’ikan baƙar fata da zaɓi na dogon lokaci.
Irin nama-mai shugabanci na yawan aiki. Dabbobi sun dace da yanayin Siberiya, tare da faffadan jiki na matsakaicin tsayi, hams da aka yi da kyau. Shugaban yana ƙarami tare da lanƙwasa mai gani a cikin bayanin martaba, kunnuwa suna tsaye. Kirjin yana da fadi da zurfi. Ƙafafun suna da ƙarfi, an saita su da kyau, tare da kofato masu ƙarfi. Jiki an lullube shi da kauri mai kauri. Kalar baƙar fata ce mai ƙananan fararen ɗigo a jiki da fararen alamomi a goshi, ƙafafu da wutsiya.
Tun daga tsakiyar karni na XNUMX, aikin yana tasowa don inganta kitso da nama na nau’in aladu na Kemerovo ta hanyar zaɓin intrabreed da “gurgun jini” na aladu Landrace.
Nauyin nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nama – 338 kg, sarauniya – 248 kg, tsawon jikin boars – 181 cm, sarauniya – 159 cm, Sarauniyar ciki mai yawa – 11,2 piglets da farrow, yawan madara – 58 kg, adadin piglets zuwa yaye – 10,1 piglets da matsakaicin nauyin alade a yaye shine 19,4 kg.
Kalikinsky irin
Kalikinsky aladu shine samfurin aikin dogon lokaci mai ma’ana na manoma don inganta alade mai dogayen kunne na gida. Kiwo na aladu na wannan nau’in ya fi dacewa da yanayin yanayi, ƙasa da yanayin tattalin arziki. Babban buƙatar naman alade na matasa ya motsa aikin don inganta nama da halayen kitsen nau’in alade.
A sakamakon aiki mai ma’ana da na dogon lokaci, precocity ya karu sosai (a cikin kwanaki 12-20, nauyin alade ya kai kilogiram 6-8, wasu – 9-10 kg, gawawwakinsu suna sanye da naman alade. 0.5-1 cm lokacin farin ciki; An rage shekarun aladu zuwa farkon mating. A matsayinka na mai mulki, matasa mata masu shekaru 6-7 suna da nauyin nauyin kilogiram na 75-90 suna faruwa, wanda ba ya tasiri ga ci gaba da ci gaba na sarauniya.
Kalikinsky…
