Yadda za a kiwon alade don nama?

Kiwon alade yana daya daga cikin wuraren noma. Wannan kasuwanci ne mai fa’ida sosai saboda aladu da sauri suna girma kuma suna hayayyafa sosai. Tare da ƙungiyar kasuwanci da ta dace, zaku iya samun riba har zuwa 2% a cikin shekaru 3-1000. Kafin ka fara kiwo aladu, kana buƙatar gano irin matsalolin da wannan kasuwancin ke da shi, abin da za ku fuskanta, yadda ake kiwon dabbobi da kuma ciyar da dabbobi yadda ya kamata.

Girma alade

Sharuddan tsarewa

Bayan yanke shawarar fara kiwo da kiwo aladu, da farko dole ne ku samar da ɗaki mai dacewa inda za su zauna. Wannan yana iya zama sito a cikin yadi ko wani tsari. Yi la’akari da ainihin abubuwan buƙatun don tsarin sa:

1. Ana buƙatar yanki na akalla 5m2 ga kowane kai.
2. Idan kun shirya don kiyaye ba fiye da shugabannin 10 ba, yana da kyau a ba da wani sashi na 2 × 2,5 m ga kowane alade.
3. Tsayin rufi dole ne ya wuce 2 m.
4. Gilashin corral suna da kyawawa. To, idan jimillar yankinsu bai wuce kashi 20% na yankin bango ba.
5. Yana da mahimmanci don kula da iska, dumama da ƙarin haske.
6. Idan an shirya paddock, ya zama dole don ba da kayan dandali tare da alfarwa, kariya daga iska, kusa da paddock.
7. Kuna buƙatar rami don wanka aladu.
8. A cikin alade, wurin ciyarwa da rami suna sanye take, da kuma wurin ciyar da aladun kiwo.
9. Don zubar da taki da fitsari, ana yin ƙasa a kusurwa, kuma ana shigar da maƙallan hanawa a ƙasan ƙasa.
10. Aladen sanye take da masu ciyarwa da masu sha.

Hankali! Yana da mahimmanci don raba wuri don farrowing mata tare da zuriya – akalla 7 m2. Wannan yanki ya kamata ya zama dumi da jin dadi.

Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don kiyaye aladu daga +16 … + 22 digiri. Wadannan dabbobin suna fuskantar damuwa idan suna da sanyi sosai, zafi ko cushe. A cikin ƙananan haske, su ma ba su da dadi.

Yana da mahimmanci a kula da kasancewar zuriyar dabbobi. Ana yin shi daga bambaro da ciyawa kuma ana canza shi akai-akai don kiyaye shi da tsabta.

Bambaro gado ga aladu

Noma

Bayan haihuwa, alade suna buƙatar kulawa mai kyau. An haife su ba tare da kitse ba kuma suna da sanyi sosai. Ana ajiye shuka tare da ‘ya’yan itace a cikin wani alkalami daban, inda ya kamata a sanya haske a gaba. Idan farrowing ya faru a lokacin sanyi, yana da kyau a shigar da fitilar ja a wurin don zafi da aladun. Wani katafaren gado aka shimfida a dakin.

Ana iya raba aladu masu girma a gida zuwa lokuta da yawa:

1. Lokacin haihuwa da lactation.
2. Yaye daga shuka.
3. Ciyar da alade.

Har ya kai wata daya, jarirai suna shayar da madarar uwa, a wannan lokacin suna tare da mahaifiyarsu kullum. Lokacin da suke da shekara ɗaya da rabi zuwa wata biyu, a hankali a yaye su daga shuka. Da farko, an raba uwa zuwa wani alkalami, ana kawo ta ga ’ya’ya ne kawai don ciyarwa. Sannan lokacin sadarwar su ya ragu zuwa komai.

Fara daga kwanaki 3-4 bayan farrowing, aladu masu shayarwa suna buƙatar a ba da ƙarin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, in ba haka ba za su zama rashin ƙarfi. Tuni a cikin watan farko na rayuwa, an gabatar da jarirai zuwa abinci mai mahimmanci – ana ba su abinci mai mahimmanci da kayan lambu a cikin ƙaramin adadin. A matsakaita, alade yana ƙara nauyinsa sau 5 a farkon watan rayuwa.

Hankali! Idan akwai raunanan mutane masu ƙarancin nauyi a cikin farrow ɗaya, ana ajiye su a cikin wani alkalami daban. A gare su, ana samar da wani tsari na musamman na ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki.

Kula da aladu ya haɗa da kula da lafiyarsu. Yana da mahimmanci a yi wa dabbobi allurar rigakafi a kan lokaci don kariya daga cututtuka masu yaduwa. Ya kamata a rika bincikar alade lokaci-lokaci don rashin lafiya. Idan an gano alamu masu ban tsoro – zawo, tari, atishawa, tabo a jiki, rashin ci, marasa lafiya suna rabu da garken nan da nan.

A cikin watanni 2, ana zaɓar wasu alade don maye gurbin waɗanda suka bar garke. Ana kiran su sabuntawa. Irin waɗannan mutane dole ne su auna aƙalla kilogiram 18, su kasance masu lafiya, masu aiki. Daga baya, an zaɓi mafi ƙarfi da nauyi daga cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa. Ana amfani da su don haifuwa.

maye piglets

Tsarin ciyarwa

Kulawar alade ya haɗa da ciyarwa mai kyau. Farawa daga haihuwa, yana da mahimmanci a kula da wannan al’amari, saboda abincin aladu ya dogara da lafiyar su da nauyin nauyi. Duk da cewa alade masu shayarwa suna samun madarar uwa har sai sun kai wata daya, daga rana ta biyar bayan haihuwa suna buƙatar su saba da abinci mai ƙarfi.

Ciyar da alade masu tsotsa

Makonni 2 bayan farrowing, noman nonon shuka ya ragu, kuma jarirai masu girma suna buƙatar ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki. Kadan kadan suna gabatar da abincin su:

1. Premixes daga abincin kashi da kifi da alli.
2. Ana gabatar da abinci mai ɗanɗano daga shekara goma. Suna ba da karas grated, kadan daga baya – beets da kabewa.
3. Lokacin da ya kai makonni 3, ana gabatar da dankali mai dankali a cikin abinci.

Magana. Har yanzu babu isassun enzymes a cikin hanjin masu shayarwa don narkar da abinci mara nauyi, don haka ana ba su sha yogurt acidophilic.

Ciyarwa bayan yaye

Ana yin yaye lokacin da aladu suka kai watanni 1,5. A cewar yawancin manoma, wannan shine lokaci mafi kyau. Ana raba shukar da jarirai ana kawo musu a cikin alkalami don ciyarwa kawai. Ana rage yawan tarurruka tsakanin uwa da yara a hankali don rage yawan lactation. Don haka madara ta daina zuwa, ana cire abinci mai daɗi daga abincin shuka.

A cikin makonni 3 na farko bayan yaye, ana ciyar da alade sau 4 a rana, sannan – sau uku a rana. A wannan lokacin, akwai ci gaba mai girma na kwarangwal, sabili da haka yana da muhimmanci a hada da karin furotin a cikin abincin su a cikin nau’i na kashi, abincin kifi, madara mai laushi, madara maras nauyi.

Tsarin ciyarwa na piglets yayi kama da haka:

• rage cin abinci ya hada da har zuwa 80% maida hankali;
• kayan lambu da tushen amfanin gona – game da 10%;
• legumes (a cikin nau’i na gari) – ba fiye da 5% ba;
• abincin kashi, abincin kifi – 5%.

Ciyar da alade

Abincin jinya

Lokacin da alade suka sami nauyi a kusa da 22-25 kg, tsarin ciyarwa yana canzawa. Yanzu jiki mai girma yana buƙatar ƙarin bitamin. An gabatar da ciyawa mai sabo a cikin abincin gilts, adadin kayan lambu yana karuwa. Ana ba da ciyawa ba kawai sabo ba, amma har ma da tururi, bayan haka an haɗe shi da mai da hankali da albarkatun gona.

Nau’i da makircin kitso

Akwai nau’ikan aladu masu kitso:

• don nama;
• na naman alade;
• ga mai.

Zabi na farko ana la’akari da mafi riba kuma yana buƙatar bin ka’idodin ciyarwa. Kuskure a cikin abinci tabbas zai haifar da tabarbarewar ingancin nama.

kitso nama

Ana samun nama mai laushi lokacin da alade suka yi nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 100 ko fiye. Wasu manoma sun fi son yanka aladu don nama lokacin da suka kai nauyin kilogiram 120-130, sannan yawan amfanin gona ya karu zuwa 85%.

Don kitsen nama, ana amfani da matasa dabbobi, wanda nauyinsa ya riga ya wuce 30 kg. Don haifuwa, an zaɓi mata da maza na nau’ikan nau’ikan iri sosai. Kitsen nama ya kasu kashi 2 lokaci:

1. Shiri.
2. Karshe.

Lokacin kitso na farko ya fi na biyu tsayi. Yana ɗaukar kusan watanni 5. Mataki na ƙarshe na kitso don nama yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni 1-1,5. A lokacin shirye-shiryen, aladu ya kamata su sami kimanin gram 500 kowace rana, kuma a mataki na ƙarshe na fattening, game da 750 grams kowace rana.

A lokacin shirye-shiryen kitso, kashi 30% na abincin alade shine abinci mai daɗi da amfanin gona. Abin da ya sa yana da kyau idan wannan lokacin ya faɗi a ƙarshen bazara ko lokacin rani. 70% na ciyarwar yana mai da hankali ne. A mataki na biyu na kitso, rabon abincin da aka tattara ya karu zuwa kusan 90%. Kowace rana, menu na alade ya kamata ya hada da akalla 100-115 grams na gina jiki, da kuma bitamin da ma’adinai kari, amino acid – tryptophan, lysine, da dai sauransu.

Hankali! Wata daya kafin yanka, gero, kifi, waken soya, da bran an cire su daga menu na alade. Wadannan additives adversely rinjayar da dandano nama.

Fattening ga naman alade

Naman alade

Fattening naman alade yana farawa a lokacin watanni 2,5-3, lokacin da alade suka sami nauyin kimanin kilo 25. Maza suna jifa. Don samun nama mai laushi da m tare da kitsen mai na bakin ciki, yana da mahimmanci ba kawai don ciyar da aladu yadda ya kamata ba, amma kuma don tafiya akai-akai. Tafiya yana inganta metabolism kuma yana ƙara yawan sha’awar dabbobi. Dole ne a saka sha’ir a cikin abincin. Yana inganta ingancin alamun nama – launi, dandano da rubutu.

A cikin rabin farko na lokacin kitso naman alade, manoma suna da niyyar cimma nauyin nauyin yau da kullun na gram 450. A mataki na ƙarshe (a cikin watanni 3 na ƙarshe), alade dole ne ya sami akalla gram 600 kowace rana. A wannan lokacin, abincin ba ya haɗa da abincin da ke damun nama – waken soya, kifi da kifi, gero da bran.

Tsarin kitsen naman alade na rana:

• kore fodder – 3 kg;
• mayar da hankali da kuma baya – har zuwa 1.5 kg;
• kimanin kilogiram 2 na tushen amfanin gona da kayan lambu;
• gishiri, ma’adinai da bitamin kari.

Fasahar noman aladu don man alade ya bambanta da waɗanda aka tattauna a baya. Bari mu kara tattauna shi.

Kitso

Don kitso, ana ɗaukar aladu don man alade, wanda ya riga ya sami nauyin 100 kg. Tare da ciyarwar da ta dace, yawan irin waɗannan dabbobin zai ninka, yayin da yawan nama zai kasance kusan 40%.

Abincin alade da aka tashe don man alade yana mamaye abinci na carbohydrate:

• masara;
• dankali;
• alkama;
• tushen amfanin gona – karas, beets;
• gero.

Kimanin tsari don ciyar da aladu don man alade:

• kore fodder – har zuwa 4 kg kowace rana;
• maida hankali – 3 kg;
• dankali, kabewa – 3.5 kg;
• gishiri, ma’adinai da bitamin kari.

Man alade

Tare da irin wannan abinci mai gina jiki, a ƙarshen lokacin kitso, jikin aladu yana samun siffofi masu zagaye, suna motsawa kadan, kuma haƙarƙarin su da kafada ba su da kyau. Matsakaicin nauyin yau da kullun na yau da kullun don kitso shine kusan 1 kg.

Hankali! Masu shayar da dabbobi yakamata su sami ruwa mai kyau a cikin adadi mai yawa.

Kiwon alade kasuwanci ne mai riba, amma yana buƙatar takamaiman ilimi daga manomi. Yana da mahimmanci a nan da nan yanke shawarar irin nau’in kitsen dabbar da za a yi amfani da shi don samun sakamakon da ake sa ran. Bayan yanke shawarar fara kiwo na alade, yana da daraja yin ƙoƙari da saka hannun jari a cikin tsara wuraren da za a adana dabbobi, samar da su da zafi da samun iska mai kyau. In ba haka ba, kasuwancin na iya fashe saboda cututtukan dabbobi.