Alade irin Landrace

Dangane da halaye na yau da kullun, nau’in alade sun kasu kashi: duniya, nama da m. Naman nau’in nama sun fi shahara saboda yawan nama maras kyau da kuma ƙaramin kitse na ƙasa. Wakilin mafi ban mamaki na waɗannan sifofin aladu shine nau’in Landrace.

Alade Landrace

Halaye

Ba zai zama da wahala ga manomi gogaggen ya gano irin nau’in Landrace ba, tun da waɗannan aladu suna da wasu sifofi: suna da ƙanƙanta da tsayin jiki da ƙaramin kai. Dangane da bayanin su, aladu na wannan nau’in galibi ana danganta su da nau’in Duroc. Amma suna da bambance-bambance a launin gashi da yawa.

Aladu Landrace na cikin nau’in nama. Kuma da yake magana game da manyan halaye na wannan nau’in, ya kamata a lura cewa naman alade na Landrace ba kawai dadi ba ne, amma har ma da kitse, kuma mai yana girma a cikin karamin Layer (har zuwa 2 cm). Kuma godiya ga kyakkyawan dandano na naman alade, yawan yawan amfanin gonaki, da sauƙi na kiyaye waɗannan aladu, an yi nasara a cikin sassa daban-daban na kasar.

Asalin

Landrace piglets an fara yin kiwo ne sama da ƙarni guda da suka gabata a Denmark. Masu shayarwa sun dauki babban nau’i a matsayin tushe – farin alade, kuma sun haye shi tare da samfurin Danish lop-eared. Sakamakon irin wannan aikin zaɓin, halayen nama na musamman da nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) nau’i na nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in kifi da aka ɗauka a matsayin tushen an ba da shi ga zuriya.

Kuma a cikin 1907, ‘ya’yan da aka zaɓa ta hanyar shayarwa sun tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na takamaiman halaye, nau’in ya sami sunan hukuma. A hankali, masana kimiyya sun inganta aikin nau’in: sun yi aiki don ƙara yawan nauyin yau da kullum; inganta ribar irin.

Ana ci gaba da aikin inganta nau’in har yau. Masu kiwon kiwo suna son zuriyar da aka samu tare da kyawawan halaye ta yadda samfuran da aka fitar suka zama magabata ga nau’ikan gida. Don haka, yanzu akwai matasan Landrace a duk faɗin duniya.

Hakanan akwai hybrids Landrace a cikin Rasha kuma. Masu shayarwa suna amfani da wannan nau’in don haɓaka hybrids tare da kyakkyawan aikin kitso da halayen samfur, ketare Landrace tare da alade Mirgorod Pied ko tare da nau’in Breit.

Bayyanar

Nau’in alade na Landrace yana da fa’idodin waje masu zuwa:

Knur irin landrace

• Dabbobi suna da sirara, haske, bristles masu sheki, ta inda fatar launin ruwan hoda mai laushi ke haskakawa.
• Jiki yana da ƙarfi. Jiki da kansa yana elongated, baya madaidaici. Shugaban aladu ƙananan ne, kunnuwa suna rataye, na matsakaici. Sau da yawa kunnuwa suna rufe idanu.
• Wuyan aladu yana da tsayi, mai ƙarfi da nama.
• Ƙafafun suna gajere amma ƙarfi.

Landrace piglets kuma ana bambanta su ta hanyar halayen wakilan nau’in naman alade. Tun da yake waɗannan aladu ne masu girma, tsayin su ya kai mita biyu, kuma girman kirjin su ya kai mita daya da rabi.

Yawan aiki

Landrace yana bambanta da babban aikin nama; a abin da ake nomawa, manomi yana karɓar akalla kashi 70% na nama mai tsafta. Kitsen wannan nau’in yana da ƙananan (ba fiye da 3 cm ba). Babban shuka yakan girma har zuwa kilogiram 250, kuma boar daji ya fi kilogiram 320.

Yawan haifuwar alade kuma yana da yawa, don farrowing shuka yana kawo daga 10 zuwa 15 piglets. Aladu Landrace sun tsira da kyau, suna samun nauyi da sauri. Matsakaicin riba na yau da kullun daga 700 grams zuwa 1 kg. Kuma a cikin shekaru 180 da shekaru, piglets iya auna game da 100 kg.

Amma babban aiki ba shi yiwuwa ba tare da daidaitaccen kiyaye waɗannan aladu ba. Domin sabon zuriya da sauri samun nauyi da shuka don ba da babban zuriya, wajibi ne don samar da aladu tare da abinci mai kyau, da sito da ke dacewa da kiyayewa (dole ne a kiyaye ɗakin a cikin zafin jiki na yau da kullun ga dabbobi. , kuma ƙasa dole ne ya zama taushi da bushe).

Fa’idodi da rashin amfani

Dangane da duk halayen aladu na Landrace, masana kimiyya sun tsara fa’idodi da rashin amfani da nau’in.

Ga alama

Abubuwan ƙari sun haɗa da:

• High yawan aiki da kuma kara gina jiki kira a cikin matasa dabbobi. Tare da matsakaicin farashin ciyarwa, dabbobi suna iya ba da ƙimar ƙimar yau da kullun da ƙimar nama mara kyau. Kiwo Landrace yana da fa’ida, piglets suna iya kaiwa nauyin kisa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (daga watanni 5 zuwa 7 bayan haihuwa).
• Yawan haihuwa. Shuka na wannan nau’in sune uwaye masu kulawa sosai; sosai m da madara. Aladu na wannan nau’in ana haye su da kyau kuma ana ciyar da su, ta yadda manoma za su iya samun ‘ya’ya masu yawa waɗanda suke da amfani sosai dangane da aikinsu.
• Abotaka. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da mutuƙar abota da ɗan adam kuma ba sa nuna zalunci ga sauran membobin garken.

Kuma manyan illolin irin sun haɗa da:

• Matsalolin kwarangwal. Saboda rashin tsarin kwarangwal, aladu na Landrace suna da raunin gaɓoɓin baya, don haka dabbobi sukan sha wahala daga lalacewar haɗin gwiwa. Kuma idan akwai dampness a kasa a cikin paddock, to, hadarin rauni ga dabba yana da yawa. Saboda haka, dole ne ko da yaushe ya bushe.
• tsarin juyayi na hannu. Abubuwa da yawa na iya shafar haihuwa da lafiyar dabba. Dabbobi suna da matukar buƙata akan tsarin mulki, ingancin abinci da matakan kulawa.
• Ingancin naman alade ya dogara da abun da ke cikin abinci. Duk wani gazawa a cikin abincin dabba yana haifar da amsa mara kyau kuma yana rinjayar yawan aiki.

Amma tare da kulawa mai kyau, abubuwan da ba su da kyau na nau’in ba su bayyana ba, kuma masu kyau sun fi ramawa ga ƙananan bayyanar su.

Ciyarwa

Lokacin shirya abinci mai gina jiki, ya zama dole don zaɓar abinci mai inganci kawai. Baya ga kayan lambu, aladu kuma suna buƙatar ciyarwar hatsi. Bugu da ƙari, abinci, ana ƙara silage, cake, abincin kashi, kuma ana amfani da kayan madara (madara mai ƙwanƙwasa, whey).

Cake mai

Bugu da ƙari, abubuwan da ake buƙata don ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki na abinci, wajibi ne a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga ingancin abincin. Amfanin ciyarwa: 3,5 – 4 raka’a ciyarwa a kowace kilogiram 1 na nauyin nauyi. Kuna buƙatar siyan samfura daga ingantacciyar mai siyarwa ko fara samar da abinci akan rukunin yanar gizon ku. Don cikakken samar da kawunan 2-5, ya isa ya samar daga kadada kaɗan na gonar.

Muhimmanci! Hakanan akwai takamaiman yanayin ciyar da dabbobi: sau 2 a rana tare da hutun sa’o’i 10-12. A cikin hunturu, zaka iya ƙara yawan adadin abinci har zuwa 3. Amma ba zai yiwu ba don ciyar da aladu da kuma ba su abincin da ba a ba da shi ba, saboda wannan yana taimakawa wajen tara yawan kitsen mai.

Kiwo

Manoma suna amfani da aladun Landrace don samar da nama maras inganci. Kuma tun da yake ba shi da fa’ida don samun ƙwararrun aladu a kowane lokaci, yawancinsu suna amfani da shuka don samar da zuriya ta gaba. Kuma don kada nau’in ya sha wahala a matsayin halayensa lokacin hayewa, wajibi ne duka iyaye su kasance masu tsabta. Sau da yawa manoma suna haye wannan nau’in tare da aladu Duroc. Hybrids suna ɗaukar kyawawan halaye daga iyayensu, daidaitawa da kyau don rayuwa kuma suyi girma cikin sauri.

Don samun wadata da kuma iya tsira daga zuriya, wajibi ne a sanya shuka mai ciki a kan abinci na musamman da kuma kare shi daga sauran dabbobi. Ya kamata a zaɓi ciyarwa don shuka musamman a hankali, zama mai gina jiki da wadatar samfuran succulent. Ciki a Landrace bai wuce kwanaki 115 ba. Kuma tun da wannan nau’in yana da girma, shuka sau da yawa yana da rikitarwa a lokacin haihuwa. Sabili da haka, a farkon alamun aikin aiki, wajibi ne a gayyaci likitan dabbobi. Zai taimaka ba kawai haifar da alade ba, amma kuma sarrafa igiyar cibiya zuwa alade da kyau. Tun da alade yana da nauyi kuma babba, zai iya murkushe alade da gangan, dole ne a tura su nan da nan zuwa wani alkalami daban. Kuma kowane 2 ko 3 hours don saki don ciyarwa, bayan shuka ya zauna.

Landrace piglets

A wannan lokacin, ya kamata a kula da mahaifa a hankali, a farkon alamar zalunci, alade dole ne a ware, kamar yadda ta iya cinye su. Tsawon lokacin lactation a cikin alade bai wuce kwanaki 30 ba, sannan a hankali ana canjawa yara dabbobi zuwa fattening na yau da kullun. Abun da ke cikin abincin dole ne ya haɗa da samfuran shuka da samfuran kiwo.

Saboda abubuwan da suka saba da su, aladu na wannan nau’in sun sami ƙaunar manoma a duk sassan duniya. Wadannan dabbobi ne quite unpretentious a cikin kulawa, da kuma ba da saba high rates na zuriya.