Shuka ciyarwa

Ba asiri ba ne cewa duk dabbobin noma suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman lokacin daukar ciki da kuma renon yara. Kuma daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke faruwa a wannan fanni shi ne ciyar da abinci mai kyau. Alade ba togiya. Yadda ya kamata ciyar da shuka ba ka damar kula da kiwon lafiya da kuma kiwon lafiya na tayin, ƙara da haihuwa na dabba. A lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar abincin da ya dogara da takamaiman lokaci mai albarka na alade da la’akari da ka’idodin yau da kullun da aka yarda.

Abinci na shuka

Lokacin lokutan samarwa

Dukkanin tsarin kiwo na aladu yana faruwa a cikin matakai masu yawa, wanda ke rufe lokacin daga tunanin shuka zuwa ciyar da dabbobin matasa. Akwai manyan matakai guda uku:

1. Haihuwa. Wannan lokaci yakan ɗauki kwanaki 5 ko fiye. Yana farawa da zaran an cire samari daga mahaifar da aka shirya don saduwa. Ya ƙare tare da cin nasarar shuka.
2. Ciki. Mataki na biyu yana ɗaukar kwanaki 115-120. Ya ƙare da farrowing.
3. Ciyarwa. Lokacin shayarwa na mace yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 28 bayan farrowing.

Kowane ɗayan waɗannan lokutan yana buƙatar bin wasu lokuta yayin ciyarwa. Bugu da ƙari, halayen abinci kuma sun dogara ne akan yanayin kowane nau’i. Dole ne a yi la’akari da irin waɗannan lokutan.

Haihuwa

Bayan yaye jariran, estrus na shuka ya sake farawa bayan kimanin kwanaki 6. A cikin wannan lokacin, ana ciyar da dabba ko dai kamar yadda ake yi a lokacin bushewa, ko kuma an ƙara adadin abincin da aka ba da shi zuwa 4-4,5 kg kowace rana. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin ƙayyadaddun ƙa’idodi shine abinci mai gina jiki. Ƙarar ƙarar ƙararrawa za ta ba da dabbar da makamashi, wanda ya zama dole don saurin hadi da nasara.

Da zarar an gano alamun farko na cin nasarar hadi a cikin dabbar, adadin abincin da aka haɗa a cikin abincinsa ya ragu zuwa kilogiram 2,5 a kowace rana. Bugu da ƙari, don makonni 5 masu zuwa, an ba da mahaifa tare da tsarin kulawa na musamman, wanda ya haɗa da:

• ciyar da shuka tare da ingantaccen abinci mai inganci na musamman, babu alamun rot, mold, da mai tsami akansa;
• samar da dabbar hutawa da kuma ban da duk wani sauti mai kaifi, motsi mai tsananin haske a wurin da aka ajiye dabbar;
• normalization na ci na ma’adanai da bitamin a cikin jiki, da keɓe da wuce haddi da rashi.

Hankali! Rashin bin kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan na iya haifar da maƙala mara kyau na kwan tayi zuwa mahaifar alade. Wannan, bi da bi, yana shafar lafiya da kuzarin tayin.

Har ila yau, a kowane hali kada shuka ya zama kiba. Yana da mummunar tasiri ga girman datti na gaba.

Ciki

Dukkanin lokaci na gaba na gaba an raba shi zuwa wasu matakai biyu, daidai da abin da aka gina abincin dabba. Na farko daga cikin waɗannan ana kiransa ƙananan ciki. Yana ɗaukar makonni 1 zuwa 12 na ciki na mahaifa. A wannan lokacin, lactation a cikin dabba ya riga ya tsaya, kuma tayin har yanzu yana kan mataki na samuwar kuma baya buƙatar wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki. Saboda haka, alade yana ci, asali, kawai don biyan bukatun jikinsa.

Ana ciyar da mata masu ƙananan ciki kaɗan

Ana ciyar da ƙananan mata masu ciki a cikin ƙananan sassa. A lokaci guda, abincin dabbobi ya haɗa da mafi ƙarancin maida hankali da ƙarin fiber. Ƙarshen yana taimaka wa alade samun isasshen sauri.

Kusan, daga mako na 13, matakin ciki yana farawa sosai. Yana kai har zuwa mako na 16 na ciki. A wannan lokacin, tayin yana buƙatar ƙarin kuzari da abinci mai gina jiki, yayin da yake girma sosai. Don biyan wannan bukata, adadin abinci ga mahaifa yana karuwa a hankali.

Menun shuka na tsawon lokacin ciki ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

• cakuda hatsi da sharar da ake samu daga sarrafa hatsi;
• garin ciyawa;
• kabewa, zucchini, melons;
• dankali da sauran tushen amfanin gona;
• kayayyakin madara;
• sharar masana’antar nama.

Yana da kyau a lura cewa idan mahaifar ta kasance matashi kuma ta yi ciki a karon farko, to, ban da girma na amfrayo, jikinsa kuma yana girma. Don haka, dole ne a ƙara yawan abincin yau da kullun. Suna yin hakan ne ta hanyar cin abinci mai yawan furotin. Amma, bai kamata a ba da furotin da yawa da yawa ba, saboda wannan yana barazanar mutuwar tayin.

Gabaɗaya, don duk lokacin gestation, shuka ya kamata ya sami nauyi ta 40-45 kg. Daga cikin waɗannan, 15 kawai shine ƙarin nauyin nauyin dabba. Komai sauran shine yawan ‘ya’yan itace masu girma. Idan dabba yana ci gaba da girma, to al’ada girma zai zama 25-30% fiye.

Waɗannan dabi’un za su taimaka muku daidai da sarrafa nauyin dabbobin da aka ba da shawarar kuma ku guje wa kiba. Yawan kiba a cikin alade yayin daukar ciki yana cike da matsaloli masu zuwa:

• rikitarwa a lokacin haihuwa;
• mutuwar kananan dabbobi a sakamakon shakewa idan ta shiga karkashin jikin mahaifa;
• rage cin abinci a lokacin lactation;
• raguwar haihuwa.

Idan dabba, duk da haka, yana nuna alamun nauyin nauyi mai yawa, ana ba da shi tare da ƙarin tafiya da sauran ayyukan jiki.

Shuka mai ciki akan tafiya

Amma kada ku wuce gona da iri a cikin abinci. Idan mahaifar ba ta cika abubuwan da aka tanada ba kafin farkon lokacin shayarwa, to ba zai iya ci gaba da ciyar da zuriyar ba. Bugu da ƙari, yawan amfani da makamashi don samar da madara ba tare da tanadin da ya dace ba zai shafi lafiyar alade.

Lactation

A cikin lokaci na ƙarshe na samarwa, buƙatun shuka na abubuwan gina jiki da kuzari yana ƙaruwa da sau 3. Idan akwai adadi mai yawa na piglets a cikin litter, wanda aka bambanta da girman girman su, to wannan adadi yana ƙaruwa har ma fiye.

A matsakaita, dabba ɗaya na samar da madara daga kilogiram 7 zuwa 10 a kowace rana. Saboda haka, don rufe ƙarar ƙurar makamashi, furotin da ma’adanai, wajibi ne a yi amfani da abinci mai gina jiki mai gina jiki.

Amma cin abinci na yau da kullun ta mace yana yiwuwa ne kawai a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi:

• ciyarwar yana da inganci mai inganci kuma yanayin tsabta na yau da kullun;
• zafin jiki a wurin da ake tsarewa bai wuce digiri 18 ba;
• akwai isasshen fiber a cikin abincin shuka ba lokacin lokacin gestation ba;
• a lokacin daukar ciki, mahaifa ba a wuce gona da iri ba.

Idan ba a lura da waɗannan abubuwan ba, mahaifa na iya rasa ci. Idan dabbar ta ki ci gaba dayan adadin abincin da aka kayyade, to ana kara darajar sinadinta zuwa darajar da ake so saboda karin abubuwan da ake bukata. Waɗannan sun haɗa da man fodder, wanda aka ƙara a cikin adadin aƙalla 1-3% na jimlar adadin abinci. Hakanan, ana shigar da abincin kifi a cikin abinci a cikin adadin 2%.

Gabaɗaya, yayin shayarwa, abincin yau da kullun don dabba yana ƙaruwa daga 2.5 zuwa 6-7 kg. Ana ƙididdige ƙarin takamaiman ƙimar bisa ga irin waɗannan ƙimar: aƙalla 1,5 kilogiram na abinci ana cinye kowace mace mai shayarwa, da 0,4-0,5 kilogiram na abinci da alade.

Bukatun ciyarwa da ruwa don shuka

Yawan ciyarwa ga mata kuma ya dogara da takamaiman lokaci mai albarka. A lokaci guda, suna da kusan ma’anoni kamar haka:

• a lokacin bushewa, mace ya kamata ta karɓi raka’a abinci na abinci 1,5-1,8 ga kowane kashi ɗaya na taro (har zuwa 3 matsakaicin kowane mutum);
• kwanakin 84 na farko bayan nasarar hadi, ana haɓaka adadin abinci zuwa raka’a abinci 2,3 da alade;
• kara, ana ƙara yawan kuɗin zuwa raka’a abinci 3,2;
• ‘Yan kwanaki kafin farrowing da ake sa ran, ana ciyar da dabbobi kawai raka’a 1,7-2;
• don shuka mai ciki, ƙimar farko na abinci shine raka’a abinci 2,2 kuma a hankali yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓakar matasa.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa ciyar da lactating shuka yana da nasa nuances. A cikin sa’o’i biyu na farko bayan haihuwa, ana ba dabbar ruwan dumi ne kawai. Bayan ‘yan sa’o’i bayan haka, an ciyar da shi a cikin ruwa na ruwa na mai da hankali, wanda girmansa shine 0.7 kg. A yayin ci gaba da ciyarwa, ana ƙara wannan darajar zuwa kilogiram da ƙari, har zuwa daidaitattun ka’idodi.

Mix don shuka

Don shukar tsotsa, menu ya ƙunshi keɓantaccen mai da hankali da abinci mai gina jiki. A cikin lokacin ciki, ban da abinci mai da hankali, ana kuma ƙara abinci mai cike da fiber a cikin abincin. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• beets;
• haramta;
• silage;
• bambaro.

Matsakaicin roughage na shuka mai ciki a kowace rana ya kai kilogiram 4. Bayan lokaci, adadinsa yana raguwa, yayin da ake ƙara yawan abinci. Kwanaki biyu kafin haihuwa, adadinsa ya ragu zuwa 2-2.5 kg.

Muhimmanci! Don shuka tare da girman zuriyar dabbobi 12, ciyar da ad libitum.

Tabbatar ku tuna cewa ba shi yiwuwa a ciyar da dabbobi tare da abinci guda ɗaya a duk matakai masu amfani. An zaba shi daban-daban bisa ga abun da ke ciki. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da nau’ikan iri uku masu zuwa:

1. Abincin da aka haɗa don shuka a lokacin daukar ciki. Ya ƙunshi fiber mai yawa da abubuwan gina jiki. Amma a lokaci guda, adadin amino acid da ma’adanai kaɗan ne. Wannan abun da ke ciki ya ƙunshi 10,5 J na makamashi, 110-140 g na gina jiki, 80 g na fiber.
2. Abincin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman kari ga babban abincin mahaifa mai ciki. A gaskiya ma, abun da ke ciki daidai yake da nau’in abinci na baya. Bambanci shine kawai a cikin ƙananan fiber. Tare da darajar makamashi na 13 J, kawai 40 g a cikin busassun abu.
3. Abinci mai gina jiki don lactation. A cikin irin wannan cakuda, adadin ma’adanai, amino acid da makamashi ya fi girma. Ƙimar makamashinta shine 12,5 J. Adadin fiber shine 50 g, da furotin – daga 160 zuwa 180 g.

Duk abincin da ake amfani da shi wajen ciyarwa, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ba za a iya canza abun da ke ciki da dandano ba. Wannan zai haifar da matsalolin narkewar abinci, rage samar da madara, da asarar ci ga dabbobi.

Lokacin ciyar da sarauniya tare da abinci mai gina jiki kadai, ka’idodinsa na yau da kullun zai kasance kamar haka:

• daga 1 zuwa 12 makonni na ciki – har zuwa 2.3 kg;
• daga makonni 12 zuwa haihuwa – 3-3,3 kg;
• ‘yan kwanaki kafin farrowing – 1-1.5 kg;
• a lokacin ciyarwa a gaban 8 piglets – 4,8 kg;
• a gaban 12 piglets – 6,1 kg;
• a lokacin cirewa – 5 kg.

Bukatar ruwa

Har ila yau, lokacin wajibi na kiyaye lafiya da jin daɗin dabba shine kasancewar yawan abin sha. Matsakaicin adadin ruwa na dabbobi masu nauyin kilogiram 120 zuwa 220 sune kamar haka:

• ga mata masu ƙananan ciki da sarauniya a cikin lokacin rago – akalla 8-10 lita kowace rana;
• don shuka a cikin babban lokacin ciki – daga 10 zuwa 15 lita na ruwa;
• ga dabbobi don lokacin shayarwa – lita 15 a kowace mace kuma game da lita 1.5 da alade kowace rana.

Idan babu isasshen ruwa, dabba na iya rasa ci. Bugu da ƙari, madarar alade shine 85% ruwa. Don haka, idan babu shi, adadin colostrum shima ya faɗi.

Mai shayarwa ga aladu

Hanyoyin ciyarwa

Don lokacin mating, gestation da lactation, akwai manyan tsare-tsare guda biyu don ciyar da dabbobi:

1. Haɗe.
2. Ciyar da abinci na musamman.

Kowane ɗayan waɗannan tsare-tsaren ya ƙunshi nau’ikan fasalinsa da lokacin da ake amfani da shi.

Haɗin ciyarwa

Wannan hanya tana aiki a lokacin gestation na dabba. Ya ƙunshi amfani da abinci na yau da kullun ba tare da aiwatarwa ba. Irin waɗannan abincin sun haɗa da:

• silage;
• ingancin hay;
• kore kore;
• tushen amfanin gona (a iyakance iyaka).

Anan babban rawar yana taka rawa ta ingancin samfuran da aka yi amfani da su. Silage bai kamata ya zama ruɓaɓɓe ko ƙura ba. An zaɓi hay a bushe, amma ba tare da ƙura ba. Ana bushe ciyawa kaɗan a rana, amma ba a yarda ta yi zafi sosai ba.

Muhimmanci! Tare da irin wannan ciyarwa, ana amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwar kawai azaman kari. A lokaci guda, lokacin siye ko samar da irin waɗannan gaurayawan, abubuwan da ke da babban abun ciki na fiber an cire su gaba ɗaya.

Ciyarwa

Tushen ciyarwar fili da aka yi amfani da shi ya haɗa da yankakken ciyawa, bran alkama, bambaro na hatsi, ɓangaren litattafan almara, mai wadatar fiber. Ana amfani da irin wannan nau’in ciyarwa a wuraren kiwon dabbobi na masana’antu. Yana ba jikin halittu masu rai da sinadirai masu gina jiki, kuma saboda isasshen adadin fiber a cikin mahaifa, ana iya gano jikewa bayan cin abinci kaɗan.

Ciyarwar da ta dace na shuka yana buƙatar takamaiman ilimi, gogewa da tsadar kuɗi daga mai dabbar. Amma kawai idan an aiwatar da shi, yana da ma’ana don yin magana game da kula da lafiyar alade a cikin tsarin ciki, da kuma haihuwar ‘ya’ya masu lafiya. Don haka, don sauƙaƙe tsarin, takamaiman ciyarwa …