Shin, kun san cewa akwai kusan nau’ikan 20 da aka sani ƙudan zuma, a cikin iyalai bakwai daban-daban? Kuma a cikin Brazil akwai nau’ikan kudan zuma sama da 400?
Kudan zuma na ba da gudummawa ga kiyaye nau’ikan halittu, ta hanyar pollination, samar da abinci mai mahimmanci don lafiyarmu da ci gaban zamantakewa.
Saboda haka, a cikin wannan labarin, za mu magance da manyan nau’ikan ƙudan zuma da halayen kowannensu. Kyakkyawan karatu!
Yaya mahimmancin kudan zuma?
A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (Majalisar Dinkin Duniya), kudan zuma ne ke da alhakin kusan 73% na pollination na duk shuke-shuke da aka girma a duniya. Wato su ne ake bukata don ɗaukar ƙwayar pollen daga ɓangaren namiji (anther) zuwa ga gamete na mace na shuka, yana tabbatar da haifuwa.
Bugu da kari, kudan zuma kuma suna samar da nasu abincin da suma suka shafi dan adam, kamar zuma, propolis, kakin zuma da jelly na sarauta.
Bugu da ƙari, pollination, ƙudan zuma suna samar da abinci mai mahimmanci ga lafiyar mu, kamar zuma da propolis.
Saboda haka, sanin duk cikakkun bayanai game da kudan zuma yana da mahimmanci don ba da ƙimar da ta dace ga waɗannan kwari da sanin yadda suke rayuwa, menene halayensu da bukatunsu.
Karanta kuma: Kudan zuma da kayayyakinsu. Ku san abin da suke!
Gano manyan nau’ikan da halaye
Kamar yadda muka ambata a farkon labarin, akwai nau’ikan ƙudan zuma da yawa, don haka, halayen sun fi bambanta, dangane da girma, hali ko samar da zuma. Bi yanzu manyan nau’ikan da ke samar da zuma.
kudan zuma na Turai
A kudan zuma na Turai ko zuma zuma ta yamma (Apis mellifera) an dauke shi daya daga cikin shahararrun jinsuna. Suna da girma, duhu, tare da ƴan ratsi rawaya a jiki kuma suna dacewa da sauƙi zuwa wurare daban-daban.
Zai yuwu a sami nau’ikan 20 waɗanda suka samo asali ne daga wannan kudan zuma, kasancewa ɗan asalin Asiya, Turai da Afirka. Ban da Antarctica, ana iya samunsa a kowace nahiya.
Wannan kudan zuma yana tayar da sha’awar tattalin arziki, kamar yadda pollination da yake yi babban tasiri akan samar da abincida kuma samar da propolis, kakin zuma, zuma da jelly na sarauta.
Daga cikin nau’ikan kudan zuma, kudan zuma na Turai yana daya daga cikin sanannun sanannun kuma ana samunsa a kusan kowace nahiya.
kudan Afirka
A kudan Afirka (Apis mellifera scutellata) asalinsa ne a Gabashin Afirka kuma ana ɗaukarsa nau’in m, pollination da ƙaura.
An gabatar da shi a Brazil a cikin 1956, a cikin birnin Rio Claro/SP, da manufar gudanar da binciken kimiyya. Duk da haka, ya ƙare har ya tsere daga zaman talala kuma, a haye tare da wasu nau’in, ya haifar da matasan, wanda ake kira. kudan zuma na Afirka.
Don haka, wannan nau’in kudan zuma cikin sauri ya bazu ko’ina cikin kasar, kasancewar a kyakkyawan mai samar da zuma. Ba kamar kudan zuma na Turai ba, wanda yakan adana abinci na dogon lokaci, kudan zuma na Afirka yakan canza wannan abincin cikin sauri zuwa cikin zuriyarsa, yana kara yawan jama’a tare da sakin tururuwa da yawa na haihuwa.
Kudan zuma na Afirka yana da halayen ƙaura kullum, musamman idan yanayin muhalli ba shi da kyau.
jatai bee
Daga cikin ƙudan zuma marasa ƙarfi na ƙasar Brazil, ɗaya sananne shine ƙarami jatai (Tetragonisca Angustula), tare da kusan 4 zuwa 5 millimeters, wanda kuma ake kira ‘yan asali.
Masu kiwon zuma suna neman su da yawa ingancin zuma suna samar da: yana da kaddarorin magani, ana nuna su a cikin maganin sanyi, mashako, glaucoma da cataract, ban da kasancewa na bactericidal kuma yana aiki a cikin warkar da raunuka. Ba a ma maganar dandanon halayensa ba.
Ana iya samun waɗannan kudan zuma daga Rio Grande do Sul zuwa Mexico, galibi a cikin wurare masu zafi. Kudan zuma jataí launin zinari ne-rawaya kuma yana da baƙar fata corbiculae (na’urar tattarawa inda ake tattara pollen), gina gidaje a cikin ramuka, kamar gwangwani da aka watsar, bulo ko ramukan bishiya.
Kudan zuma na Jataí suna matukar sha’awar a tsakanin masu kiwon zuma don halayen zumar da suke samarwa.
mandacaia kudan zuma
A mandacaia kudan zuma (melipona quadrifasciata) yana daya daga cikin nau’ikan kudan zuma marasa kishi ‘yan asalin kasar Brazil kuma ana samun su daga arewa zuwa kudancin kasar.
Wuraren su suna da wani abu na musamman: suna da ƙofar da aka gina tare da cakuda yumbu, miya da guduro waɗanda aka samo daga tsire-tsire, suna yin raƙuman radiyo. Don haka, a kan hanyar daga ƙofar gida, kudan zuma ɗaya ne kawai ke wucewa kuma “mai tsaro” koyaushe yana kiyaye shi. Saboda haka, ya karɓi sunan “mandaçaia”, wanda ke nufin “Kyakkyawan Kallo” a cikin yare na asali.
Matukar tame e m, waɗannan ƙudan zuma suna pollinate squash, barkono barkono, chilli da albarkatun tumatir. Suna samar da zuma mai launi mai haske, kusan m. Ba shi da acidic kuma dandano yana da alaƙa da kayan da ake amfani da su don gina tukwane na ajiyar zuma.
Kamar jataí, zumar ƙudan zuma na mandacaia yana da magani Propertieswato antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic.
Daga cikin nau’ikan ƙudan zuma na ƙasar Brazil, muna da mandaçaia, wanda ke samar da zuma tare da kayan magani.
Hakanan duba: Bees vs tururuwa: koyi yadda ake kare apiary.
uruci bee
A uruci bee (Melipona Scutellaris) wani ɗan ƙasar Brazil ne, wanda sunansa ke nufin “babban kudan zuma”, tabbas saboda halayensu na zahiri: suna da girman girma, amma a lokaci guda suna da girma kuma suna samar da adadin zuma mai kyau.
Wadannan ƙudan zuma suna yin pollin avocado, barkono da pitanga amfanin gona kuma ana samun su a yankin Arewa maso Gabas. A Bahia, alal misali, yana ɗaya daga cikin nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) da ake amfani da su saboda sauƙin kiwo da kuma samar da zuma mai kyau. Duk da haka, shi ne barazanar bacewa a muhallinsu na halitta.
Yawancin lokaci suna zaune ne a yankuna masu danshi, suna gina gidajensu a cikin manyan bishiyoyi, wanda buɗewarsu ke faruwa a tsakiyar haɗuwar hasken laka da kuma yin rawani, yawanci suna fuskantar ƙasa. Wannan ƙofar da ke ba da damar kudan zuma, ma’aikaci ɗaya ne ke kiyaye shi.
Tare da launin ruwan kasa da baki, kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, ƙudan zuma na uruçu suna samar da a zuma mai yawa: a matsakaita yana da 2,5 zuwa 4 lita / shekara / mulkin mallaka kuma yana iya kaiwa har zuwa lita 10. Yana da ruwa sosai, mai daɗi kuma ana iya amfani dashi don dalilai na magani.
Ana samun kudan zuman Uruçu a yankin arewa maso gabas kuma suna samar da zuma mai yawa.
be tiuba
A kudan zuma (Melipona fasciculata), wanda kuma aka sani da uruçu-cinzenta, tiúba-grande da preta-da-Amazônia, wani nau’in ɗan ƙasar Brazil ne. Yawancin lokaci ana samun shi a cikin dajin Atlantika da Cerrado, a cikin jihohin Tocantins, Para, Piauí, Mato Grosso da Maranhão.
Tare da baƙar fata mai laushi da ƙaho, baƙar fata mai launin toka mai launin toka, yana daga cikin nau’ikan ƙudan zuma waɗanda sama da duka suna da yawan amfanin zuma, tare da matsakaicin lita 3,5 / shekara (yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi inganci a tsakanin ƴan ƙasar. jinsuna). ).
Ana yaba zumar Tiúba sosai a cikin samar da yankuna, don samun low sugar (wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya zama ƙasa da cloying), ƙananan danko da launi daban-daban, musamman ma mafi duhu. Bugu da kari, shi ma yana da magani Properties.
Kudan zuma na Tiúba suna ba da gudummawa ga pollination na açaí kuma suna da abubuwan da ake so don tsire-tsire na asali kamar jurubeba da saber.
Kudan zuma na tiúba a cikin aikin pollination. Suna daya daga cikin nau’ikan ‘yan asali masu samar da zuma.
Duba kuma wasu fasaloliSarauniya kudan zuma: menene matsayinta a cikin amya?
Yellow uruçu kudan zuma
Rufe jerin nau’ikan ƙudan zuma na Brazil, wato, muna da uruci bee ko tujuba (Melipona rufiventris). Tare da launi daga baki zuwa tsatsa, yana da yawa a cikin jihohin Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Piauí, São Paulo, Tocantins.
Duk da haka, yana cikin tsarin lalacewa saboda wuraren rarraba su na halitta, dake cikin Cerrado, suna ɓacewa.
Ana la’akari da zuma daga kudan zuma mai launin rawaya dadi sosai don haka ana nema sosai. Dangane da girman mulkin mallaka (har zuwa ƙudan zuma 5) kuma tare da fure mai kyau, samar da shi zai iya kaiwa 10 kg / shekara.
Kudan zumar uruçu mai rawaya tana ɗaya daga cikin nau’ikan ƙudan zuma waɗanda ke samar da zuma mai yawa, ana ganin mai daɗi.
A cikin bidiyon da ke ƙasa, ƙarin koyo game da nau’ikan ƙudan zuma na asali waɗanda koyaushe suke cikin dazuzzuka na Brazil:
Source: Epagri Bidiyo.
La’akari na ƙarshe
Saboda haka, kamar yadda muka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin, kudan zuma kwari ne da ke da halaye daban-daban da nau’i mai yawa, duka a Brazil da sauran sassan duniya.
Suna bada garantin ma’auni na rayayyun halittu gaba ɗaya, ta hanyar iya yin pollination. Bugu da ƙari, suna samar da zuma mai inganci, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a harkokin tattalin arziki da kuma godiya ga masu amfani.
Maganar zuma, duba shawarwari guda 5 kan dabarun sarrafa zuma. Kyakkyawan karatu!
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
