Yanke kofi yana daya daga cikin muhimman ayyuka don tabbatar da kyakkyawan aiki da ingancin samfurin da aka girbe, ta hanyar sabunta rassan masu amfani.
Gabaɗaya, al’adar dasawa tana hidima ta yadda tsire-tsire za su sami damar samar da su, ta wannan sabuntawa.
Yin la’akari da cewa kofi shine ‘ya’yan itace, sababbin amfanin gona ba su dogara da sabon shuka ba. Amma, daga daidai sarrafa shuke-shuke domin su iya sake samar da daidai ko ma mafi ingancin girbi na baya.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gabatar da mahimmancin fasaha na pruning don amfanin gona na kofi don bunkasa ta hanya mafi kyau, ta hanyar kulawa ta musamman.
Muhimmancin kofi ga Brazil
Kafin magana game da dabarun dasa kofi, ya kamata a tuna cewa samar da kofi a Brazil yana daya daga cikin manyan masu samar da tattalin arzikinmu, baya ga kasancewa mafi yawan masu fitar da kayayyaki a duniya.
A haƙiƙa, ƙasar tana da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duk abin da ake samarwa a duniya. Nomansa, a cikin ƙasa na Brazil, yana faruwa a yankuna daban-daban, gami da ba da izinin dasa iri daban-daban, kamar Arabica da kofi na conilon.
Muhimmancin pruning a cikin gonakin kofi
Yanzu, bari mu tafi kai tsaye ga batun wannan labarin, wato, nau’ikan pruning da ake buƙata a yi amfani da su a cikin gonakin kofi don tabbatar da kyakkyawan aiki.
Pruning, lokacin da aka yi daidai, ta hanyar kulawa ta musamman, yana tabbatar da ingancin amfanin gona na kofi a cikin girbi mai zuwa.
Ya kamata a yi dasa shuki a cikin gonakin kofi waɗanda ke da kyawawan kwayoyin halitta, tazara da isasshen yanayin phytosanitary, da nufin mafi girman yiwuwar dawo da tsarin ciyayi.
Lokacin da ya dace don yankan kofi yana da matukar canji kuma ya kamata a karɓa bisa ga zaɓin iri-iri, yanayi, yanki da kuma yanayin kuɗi na mai kofi.
A cewar wani labarin da masanin aikin gona Roberto Antonio Thomaziello, mai bincike a Cibiyar Coffee Alcides Carvalho/IAC ya ce, lokaci mafi kyau shine daidai bayan girbi, zai fi dacewa tsakanin Yuli da Agusta.
A cikin yankunan da ke da hadarin sanyi, ya kamata a gudanar da su bayan lokacin mafi girman abin da ya faru na wannan sabon abu. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata a aiwatar da pruning bayan babban shekara ta girbi, lokacin da hangen nesa ya kasance don ƙananan samarwa a cikin shekara mai zuwa.
Samuwar pruning: shi ne na farko!
Samar da pruning wata dabara ce da aka nuna don farkon samuwar alfarwar conilon da bishiyoyin kofi na robusta.
Yana da amfani yayin da yake ƙara yawan samarwa a cikin girbi na farko kuma yana ba da damar daidaita aikin dasawa, kamar yadda mai tushe zai kasance na shekaru ɗaya.
A cewar Embrapa, samar da pruning na iya kara yawan aiki a cikin noman kofi na farko da kashi 30%. Wadannan matakan kariya kuma suna ba da izinin daidaitawa na samar da pruning, tun lokacin da aka kafa mai tushe zai kasance na shekaru iri ɗaya.
Samuwar pruning ita ce dabara ta farko da za a yi amfani da ita a cikin gonakin kofi: yana ƙara yawan aiki kuma yana daidaita sauran pruning.
Recepa: ƙananan pruning na kofi
Na biyu wanda zamu kawo shi shine low pruning, wanda aka fi sani da recepa. Ya dace da amfanin gona da suka sami lalacewa ta hanyar yanayi, kamar sanyi, alal misali.
Tare da shi, shuka yana kulawa don sabunta kansa, yayin da yake cire babban ɓangaren gangar jikin. Ko da yake aƙalla amfanin gona ɗaya ya rage ba tare da samar da aikin da ya dace ba, za a biya wannan a nan gaba.
Recepa yana daya daga cikin mafi tsauri. An nuna a cikin yanayi kamar sanyi, ƙyale sabuntawar tsire-tsire da aka shafa. Hotuna: CNC.
Woody cecote: yana sauƙaƙe girbi
tare da pruning itace cecoteyanke da aka yi a cikin reshe na orthotropic, da nufin barin rassan gefen da suka fi dacewa, wato, waɗanda ke da damar girbi na gaba.
Wannan yana taimakawa duka a cikin girbi da kuma ingancin kofi, kamar yadda akwai ƙarin hasken haske a cikin waɗannan rassan, waɗanda ba su da haɗari na “shaƙewa”, alal misali.
Tsawon tsayi: wuyan ganye
Lokacin da niyyar mai samarwa ita ce ƙara girma a gefe na shuka kofi, da na ganye wuyansa babban zaɓi ne. Ya ƙunshi pruning tsawo na shuka, kawar da m toho.
Babban batun shine a shirya shi, kawai samun sarari don ci gaba bayan dasawa.
Siffar Conical: kwarangwal
A daya hannun, idan shuka yana da yawa m rassan da bukatar sabunta wasu da m, shi ne shawarar yin da kwarangwal.
Skeleting shine nau’in pruning da aka fi amfani da shi wajen noman kofi. Suna kulawa da nufin haɓaka haɓakar rassan gefe.
A gaskiya ma, a cikin wannan nau’i na pruning, an yanke yanke zuwa ƙarshen shuka, wanda ya haifar da siffar conical. Wannan yana ba da damar sabunta reshe. Tabbas, kiyaye waɗanda ke da damar amfani.
amfanin gona: pruning na kofi m rassan
Irin wannan pruning kuma yana ba da shuka kofi siffar conical, duk da haka, ana yin shi ta hanyar yanke rassan rassa.
Niyya ta fito fili shine don haɓaka haɓakar rassan gefe, haɓaka yawan aiki.
Bunkin yankan kofi
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don mai samarwa idan ya zo ga ƙwayar kofi.
Yana da mahimmanci a fahimta da yin gwaje-gwaje don ƙarin fahimtar yanayin tsire-tsire na kofi. Wannan yana ba da sauƙin gano kulawa ta musamman don samun nasarar girbi.
Don taƙaitawa, duba manufofin dasawa a cikin gonakin kofi a ƙasa:
- Sabunta rassan masu amfani;
- Daidaita tsarin gine-ginen shuka don ayyukan al’adu;
- Rage bambance-bambance masu amfani kowace shekara tsakanin tsire-tsire iri ɗaya (biennial)
- Rage lalacewa ta hanyar abubuwan yanayi (kamar sanyi) da kwari da cututtuka;
- Sauƙaƙe haske da iska na amfanin gona;
- Ƙarfafa shuke-shuke masu rauni.
A’a bidiyo a kasaduba mataki-mataki shirin pruning zagaye kofi na arabica:
Source: Incaper.
Shin tsiron ya isa haka?
Mun san cewa yankan kawai ba ya ƙayyade nasarar samarwa, amma yana cikin jerin ayyuka masu kyau don girbi mai gamsarwa a cikin amfanin gona daban-daban.
Ayyuka irin su hadi mai kyau, yanayin ƙasa, kulawa a lokacin girbi, da sauransu, haɗin gwiwa tare don ƙimar ingancin kofi na Brazil.
Don haka, a matsayinka na mai samarwa, dole ne ka mai da hankali kan noman kofi da kuma sabbin fasahohi da bayanai a fannin. Babu shakka, zai ba da gudummawa wajen kiyaye nasarar kowane girbi.
Da yake magana game da yanayin ƙasa, duba labarinmu akan mahimmancin sa ido kan yawan haihuwa.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
