A brachiaria ba abinci ne kawai na dabbobi ba. Matsayin wannan shukar na ciyawa ya wuce gaba: bincike ya nuna cewa yana taimakawa wajen inganta yanayin ƙasa kuma, ta haka, yana ba da gudummawa wajen haɓaka yawan amfanin gona kamar masara da kofi.
A yau ana amfani da wannan nau’in ciyawa sosai a cikin tsaka-tsaki, ciki har da tsarin noma. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gabatar da duk amfanin da wannan shuka zai iya kawowa ga gonar ku. Duba!
Menene brachiaria?
brachiaria wani nau’in ciyawa ne na dangin Poaceae, wanda ke da game da nau’ikan 90. Asalinsa ne a Afirka, ana amfani da shi sosai a wuraren kiwo na wurare masu zafi na Amurka.
A Brazil, an fara amfani da shi azaman abincin shanu don ciyar da kiwo daga shekarun 1950, galibi a yankunan da ke da yanayi mai zafi da bushewa, irin su Cerrado, wanda ke tattare da yawancin noman dabbobin Brazil, tare da kusan kadada miliyan 60 na kiwo.
Brachiaria ya taimaka wajen samar da kasa acid na yankin Cerrado don samar da dabbobi.
Saboda halayensa, ba da daɗewa ba brachiaria ya faɗaɗa zuwa sauran ƙasar a cikin yanayi daban-daban na ƙasa da yanayi. Ya fara mamaye sararin samaniya da yawa, tare da sakamakon da ya faranta wa makiyayan Brazil rai, musamman a yankunan da ke da ƙasa mai matsakaici da matsakaici, gami da lokacin bushewa.
Babban nau’in brachiaria
Gano babban nau’in brachiaria da yankunan da aka samo su:
- Brachiaria brizantha: (marandu ko brachiarão) nau’in nau’in kiwo da aka fi siyar da su a cikin ƙasa, saboda ya dace da yanayin yanayi daban-daban da matakan haɓakar ƙasa, galibi daga matsakaici zuwa girma mai girma. Amma, ba ya yarda da ƙasa mara kyau. Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka: Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu;
- Brachiaria yana kwance: ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin ƙasa acidic tare da ƙarancin haihuwa, irin su Cerrado. Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka: Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu;
- brachiaria humidicola: Mai haƙuri da ƙasa mai cike da ruwa, mara kyau ko ambaliya, kamar waɗanda ke cikin yankin Pantanal da Arewa. Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka: Nuwamba zuwa Janairu;
- Brachiaria ruziziensis: yana buƙatar ƙasa mai matsakaici zuwa girma don haɓaka. Ba ya jure wa ƙasa acidic. Wannan ita ce irin ciyawa da ake nunawa don kitso ko kiwo. Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka: Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu.
Ana amfani da Brachiaria sosai wajen ciyar da shanu a yankuna da yawa, akan farashi mai rahusa fiye da sauran kayan kiwo.
Karanta kumaKoren taki: menene, nau’in da ake amfani da su da fa’idodi.
Ta yaya brachiaria ta zama aminiya a fage kuma?
Tun daga shekarar 1986, masu fasaha na Embrapa suka fara gudanar da bincike kan yadda ake amfani da brachiaria wajen aikin gona, wato ya wuce manufarsa ta farko ta ciyar da shanu. Manufar, a lokacin, shine don nemo mafi kyawun shuka wanda zai iya samarwa murfin ƙasa mafi girma.
Don haka, brachiaria ya ƙare da aka zaba, ana amfani dashi a cikin masara da sorghum consortium wanda, a cikin 2001, ya haifar da ƙirƙirar tsarin Santa Fé (ɗaya daga cikin nau’o’in haɗin gwiwar amfanin gona-Livestock-Forest).
A yau, brachiaria wani nau’in ciyawa ne mai mahimmanci tare da manufar taimakawa a cikin tsarin ƙasa kuma hadin gwiwa tare da amfanin gona irin su masara da kofi, suna kara yawan aiki.
A cewar mai binciken Embrapa João Kluthcouski, dasa wannan nau’in kiwo, tare da sauran amfanin gona, na iya kara yawan amfanin gonaki da buhunan hatsi 5 zuwa 10 a kowace kadada.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, bincike na baya-bayan nan da Embrapa ya yi ya nuna cewa ana iya yin dashen brachiaria tsakanin layin bishiyoyin kofi, a matsayin amfanin gona mai rufewa, yana ba da damar haɓaka 18% a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa.
Ana amfani da Brachiaria a duk faɗin Brazil a matsayin shukar kiwo, ana amfani da ita don ciyar da shanu da haɓaka ingancin ƙasa da haɓaka amfanin gona, kamar masara.
Domin ana samunsa cikin sauƙi, yawancin masu sana’ar ƙauye suna shuka brachiaria bayan an girbe amfanin gona, da nufin barin ƙasa ta huta kuma ta cika abubuwan gina jiki. Don haka, za ta sami damar samun sabbin iri da tsire-tsire, wanda zai sa amfanin gona ya sake girma, tare da inganci.
Wasu fa’idodi
Baya ga amfani da shi a cikin dabbobi, brachiaria yana ba da wasu fa’idodi ga yankin da ake noma shi. Duba ƙasa:
- inganta ƙasa Properties: fa’idar dasa shuki brachiaria shine yana aiki azaman kwandishan ƙasa, wato, yana inganta yanayin jiki, sinadarai da abubuwan halitta na ƙasa. Tana kula da sake mayar da ƙasar albarkatu, musamman ma a farkon matakanta, wanda shine wuri mai mahimmanci don tattara abubuwan gina jiki daga tsire-tsire da aka noma;
- sarrafa zafin jiki kawai: Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda ciyawa ce mai yawan samar da kwayoyin halitta, yana aiki a matsayin murfin ƙasa. Wannan yana hana fitowar rana kai tsaye, rage zafin jiki kuma, saboda haka, hana asarar ruwa daga ƙasa;
- yana rage faruwar wasu nau’ikan ɓarna: brachiaria, ana amfani dashi azaman ciyawa ko ciyawa, na iya rage yawan ciyawa;
- yana rage bayyanar farin mold: amfani da brachiaria yana ba da damar samar da wani shinge na jiki wanda ke hana samuwar farar fata, cutar da ke kai hari ga amfanin gona, kayan lambu da furanni, yana sa tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta su lalace.
A cikin bidiyon da ke ƙasa, duba yadda zai yiwu a yi haɗin gwiwar abinci, gami da brachiaria, don haɓaka yawan amfanin gona da aikin garken tare da dorewa:
Source: Rio Grande Rural.
Kammalawa
Sabili da haka, a cikin wannan labarin muna neman gabatar da fa’idodin brachiaria ga aikin noma na Brazil, samar da abinci da ake la’akari da arha don kitson shanu, baya ga inganta yawan aiki da kuma taimakawa wajen dawo da ƙasa ta hanyar haɗa kai.
A ji daɗin kuma ku sami damar zuwa gidanmu game da ƙasa mai yashi. Kyakkyawan karatu!
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
