Greening: cutar da ba ta warkewa tana barazana ga amfanin gona na lemu

Daya daga cikin abubuwan da masu noman lemu ke damun su shine barazanar kore, wata muguwar cuta da ke iya lalata amfanin gona baki daya.

Yana da wani Pathology cewa rage ‘ya’yan itãcen marmari, suka ci gaba da rashin inganci. Mafi muni fiye da haka: yana iya rage yankinsa da fiye da 30%, kamar yadda za mu nuna a wannan labarin.

Kuna da damuwa sosai kuma kuna son hana korewar isa ga amfanin gonar ku? Ci gaba da karanta wannan labarin kuma nan da nan kare abin da ke da matukar daraja a gare ku daga wannan cuta: da noman ku.

Menene kore?

Greening ko huanglongbing (HLB) shine mafi mahimmancin cututtukan cututtukan da ke shafar amfanin gona na citrus da lemu.

Akwai nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan Asiya ko na Afirka ko na Amurka suna yaduwa da wannan cuta kamar yadda za mu kawo a cikin labarin. nau’in da kore.

A cikin wannan yanayin, psyllid (cututtukan cuta) suna ciyarwa a kan mai tushe da ganyen bishiyoyi, suna cutar da su da kwayoyin cuta. Saboda haka, yana lalata ikon shuka don ciyarwa.

Yana haifar da ƙarami da ƙananan ‘ya’yan itatuwa a kan lokaci, kasuwanci yana lalata amfanin gona.

Greening yafi ciyarwa akan mai tushe da ganyen bishiya, kamar yadda yake a cikin nau’in lemu, wanda ya zama launin rawaya lokacin da wannan cuta ta kawo hari.

Hakan ya faru ne saboda korewar yana rage gudumawar sinadirai, wanda hakan ke sa bishiyar ta yi wuyar girma yadda ya kamata, ta yadda ta kamu da rashin lafiya.

Don haka ya zama dole a kiyaye wannan cuta gwargwadon iko a cikin lemu da sauran kayan amfanin gona na citrus, kamar lemo da tangerine, kafin lokaci ya kure.

Hakanan karanta: Cututtukan Tumatir: Nemo ƙarin game da su.

Menene manyan alamomin wannan cuta?

Alamun greening yawanci suna bayyana akan ganyen bishiyar lemu, a cikin nau’i na rawaya spots da veins.

Ba kamar launin rawaya ba wanda zai iya haifar da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, ganyen da cutar ta shafa suna nuna alamun asymmetrical kuma ‘ya’yan itatuwa na iya zama rashin kuskure da ɗaci.

Don haka, da zarar bishiyar ta kusan kamuwa da cutar, za ta haifar da harbe-harbe masu launin rawaya waɗanda ke da halayen kore kuma waɗanda za su kasance ƙanƙanta, suna faduwa da wuri.

Itacen lemu tare da farkon harin kore. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari na iya zama ɓarna da ɗaci, suna lalata amfanin gona.

Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa kuma akwai ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu asymptomatic zuwa cutar, waɗanda gaba ɗaya suna da dandano mai ban mamaki kuma suna da matsala a cikin tsaba.

Don dalilai na bincike mai zurfi na kore a cikin amfanin gona, yana da mahimmanci a sami taimakon ƙwararren wanda zai yi nazari akan bishiyar lemu da sauran bishiyoyin citrus.

Duk da haka, yana da kyau a tuna cewa, da zarar cutar ta kamu da ita, itacen zai sami rayuwa mai amfani na shekaru biyu zuwa uku kawai, yana raguwa da mutuwa a cikin wannan lokacin. Babban hasara ga amfanin gona.

Wadanne nau’ikan kore ne ke wanzu a duniya?

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, greening yana da nau’i uku da aka gano a kimiyyance:

• Asiya tana hade da Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) kuma yana bayyana alamomi a yanayin zafi mai tsayi;
• Afirka tana da alaƙa da Dan takara L. africanus (Laf) kuma yana bayyana alamun bayyanar cututtuka a ƙananan yanayin zafi;
• Amurka tana da alaƙa da Dan takara L. americanus (Lam) kuma ana samun su a cikin amfanin gona a Brazil. Yana nuna alamun a ƙananan yanayin zafi. Tsawon lokacin zafi mai tsayi zai iya yin tasiri ga cututtuka kuma yana taimakawa tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta.

Menene abubuwan da ke faruwa na kore a Brazil?

Kamfanin dillancin labaran iqna ya habarta cewa, ya nakalto daga shafin sadarwa na yanar gizo na CEN cewa, a kasar Brazil, koren kore ya riga ya kawar da itatuwan lemu miliyan 52,6 tare da rage yawan amfanin gona da kashi 31 cikin dari tun daga shekarar 2004, lokacin da aka fara gano cutar a kasar.

Fuskantar wannan mummunan yanayin, a cikin 2018, masu noman citrus a São Paulo sun yi nasarar aiwatar da wata fasaha don sarrafa korewar da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ-USP) ta haɓaka.

Kamar yadda muke nunawa a wannan makala, kore shi ne cutar da ta fi barna a kasar Brazil, musamman a bangaren lemu, kuma babbar barazana ga masana’antar citrus a duniya.

Duba shi a bidiyoNazarin da nufin sarrafa wannan cuta a cikin amfanin gona, ci gaba da Citriculture Defence Fund (Fundecitrus), wata ƙungiya kula da citrus growers da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace masana’antu a jihar São Paulo:

Source: Fundecitrus.

A wannan ma’ana, an samar da wata hanya don ƙirƙirar, a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, nau’in zazzage Tamarixia radiata – dauke da halitta maƙiyi na greening.

Ta wannan hanyar, za ta zama kamar parasites, tana ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai na waɗannan kwari kuma ta kashe su a farkon bayyanar su.

Matsalar kamar yadda Fapesp ya nuna, ita ce magungunan kashe kwari da manoma ke amfani da su ba kawai ya shafi korewar ba, har ma da ciyayi. Don haka, duk ikon da wannan cuta za a yi la’akari.

Wani madadin yaki da amfanin gona na wannan cuta

A cikin 2019, duk da haka, Koppert Biological Systems, daga São Paulo, ya ƙirƙira a cikin bincike kan kore tare da ƙalubalen bioinsecticide, wanda ya ƙunshi naman gwari. Smokey Isaria.

Manufar ita ce cewa wannan naman gwari zai yi aiki a matsayin parasite na wannan cuta, a ƙarshe ya kashe greening yayin wannan tsari. Wannan a lokacin mafi girman rauni: lokacin da greening ke ci gaba.

Duk da cewa an tabbatar da inganci wajen kawar da waɗannan kwari a cikin amfanin gona, masu samar da lemu sun fara amfani da shi akan sikeli mai yawa. Don haka, an yi la’akari da amfani da wannan abu mai tsada dangane da sinadarai masu guba da aka sayar da su a kasuwa.

Don haka wannan ya zama ƙaramin bala’i a cikin mahallin. Ko da kai tsaye ba ya wakiltar cikas a cikin amfani da shi don yaƙar kore kore.

Menene masu kera Brazil ke kare amfanin gonakinsu?

Har yanzu bin abin da aka ambata a cikin labarin CEN, masu noman citrus na Brazil suna da wasu dokoki don magance kore da kuma tabbatar da rigakafin amfanin gonakin lemu.

Baya ga yin taka tsantsan wajen kula da itatuwa da kwari, daya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya dakile ci gaban shuka a cikin amfanin gona ya hada da kawar da bishiyar da suka kamu da cutar, a ajiye su a wajen gonakin noma na kasuwanci. Wani ma’auni shine amfani da feshin maganin kwari a duk faɗin yankin.

Ana gudanar da bincike da yawa don yaki da kore kore. Manufar ita ce a rage asarar tattalin arzikin wannan cuta, musamman a cikin gonakin lemu.

Tare da waɗannan nau’ikan dabarun, masu samar da lemu sun sami damar daidaita yanayin cutar a kusan kashi 17% tsakanin 2015 da 2018, wanda ya zama mahimmanci saboda yana tallafawa nasarar da waɗannan ƙoƙarin ke kawowa.

Ba da daɗewa ba, cutar da har sai lokacin ta girma ba tare da karewa ba an shawo kanta sosai a cikin amfanin gona. Tare da sabon binciken da aka tsara a kusa da wannan batu, tsammanin shine cewa sakamakon zai fi kyau, duka a cikin gajeren lokaci da kuma dogon lokaci.

Ya rage a jira nan gaba kuma jira sabbin fasahohin kimiyya da fasaha don yaƙar kore, “mugu” na amfanin gona na citrus.

Kuna buƙatar taimako don kare amfanin gonakin ku?

MF Rural kasuwa ce da ke nufin kasuwancin noma, haɓaka taron tsakanin masu siyarwa da masu siyan kayayyaki da sabis a wannan sashin.

Ta wannan ma’ana, zaku sami mafi dacewa magungunan kashe qwari na noma don kare lemu da sauran amfanin gonakin citrus daga korewar da sauran nau’ikan cututtuka.