Irin aladu don samar da nama

Nauyin zamani na aladu nama shine sakamakon aikin kiwo na shekaru masu yawa. Babban fasalin su shine babban adadin naman alade da ƙaramin adadin mai a cikin gawa. Bugu da ƙari, saboda shaharar naman alade a kasuwa, yawancin masu shayarwa suna canzawa zuwa kiwo kawai irin wannan nau’in.

Nama irin aladu

Halaye da nau’ikan iri

Dukkan aladun nama an bambanta su da yawan adadin nama daga yawan nauyin dabbobi. Wannan alamar ta bambanta akan matsakaita a cikin nau’o’i daban-daban daga 55% zuwa 68%. Don kwatanta, ya kamata a lura cewa nau’in aladu na nama-mai (duniya) an bambanta su ta hanyar ma’auni na mai da nama. Kashi na kayan nama da wuya su kai 53%. Tabbas, nau’in kitso shima yana taka rawa sosai a wannan lamarin. Bayan haka, kawai ƙwararren nama na aladu yana ba da damar isa ga matsakaicin ƙimar yuwuwar yawan aiki.

Yawancin nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nama kuma suna ba da shawarar fasalin tsarin tsarin dabbobi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• haɓaka ƙwayar tsoka;
• mafi girma da nama na baya na jiki, idan aka kwatanta da gaba;
• in mun gwada da ƙananan kirji;
• ciki da gefen gefe mai siffar ganga;
• kananan kai.

Amma, akwai wasu ƙayyadaddun fasalulluka waɗanda ke bambanta kowane takamaiman nau’in.

Duroc

Wannan nau’in aladun nama an kiwo ne a Amurka. Magabatan wannan layin jinsin su ne jajayen aladu da berkshire na Ingilishi. Daga baya kadan, an kuma yi amfani da nau’ikan ‘yan asalin Portuguese da Mutanen Espanya wajen kiwo. A matakin jiha, an aiwatar da rajista a cikin 1883.

Alade Duroc

Daga cikin sauran nau’o’in, wannan an bambanta, da farko, ta hanyar bayyanarsa. Yana da fasali kamar haka:

• launi mai rinjaye shine ja, sau da yawa a cikin inuwar duhu, amma kuma akwai kusan daidaikun mutane na zinariya;
• gaɓoɓi masu ƙarfi tare da naman alade mai tasowa;
• dan kadan baka baya;
• manyan kunnuwa masu fadi da za su iya rataya a kan idanu;
• gyaran gashi mai matsakaici;
• Tsawon jiki a cikin mata shine 1.8 m, a cikin maza – 1,9 m.

Aladu suna halin ƙarancin haihuwa. Matsakaicin ’ya’ya 9 ake haifa a lokaci guda. A lokaci guda, piglets na wannan nama irin naman suna da sauri suna samun nauyi. An kwatanta su da nauyin nauyin yau da kullum na 950 g. Nauyin jima’i balagagge zai iya kai 300-360 kg. A lokaci guda, yawan yawan nama na aladu shine kusan 58-70%.

Magana. A cikin dabbobi, kwantar da hankula, halayen phlegmatic suna rinjaye. Ba sa yin rikici da sauran membobin garken, kuma ba safai suke nuna tashin hankali ba.

Pietrain

Pietrain aladu sun samo asali ne a Belgium. Masu kiwo na Belgium sun ɗauki Berkshire da Large White aladu a matsayin kayan farawa, bayan haka sabon nau’in ya ci gaba na ɗan lokaci a cikin rufaffiyar gonaki masu zaman kansu.

Dangane da girmansu, manya ba sa zama zakara. Ko da kitsen nama mai inganci na Pietrain aladu yana ba mata damar kai kilogiram 240 kawai. Maza na iya girma har zuwa 260 kg. Matsakaicin ƙimar yau da kullun shine kusan 750 g.

Wakilan wannan nau’in layin ba sa bambanta a cikin precocity. Har zuwa nauyin kilogiram 100, suna girma ne kawai a cikin watanni 8. Mahaifa yana kawo kusan 8-12 alade a kowace farrow.

Pietrain Pigs

A waje, irin waɗannan dabbobi suna kallon ƙasa sosai, tsoka. Naman alade na musamman da aka haɓaka. Alade baƙar fata ne. Babban bambancin nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i-nama)) wanda kusan babu mai mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, yana da dandano mai kyau.

Hampshire

Magabata na Hampshire aladu daga Ingila ne. An haife su sosai a cikin gundumar Hampshire. Amma nau’in ya sami cikakken ci gaba zuwa matsayin yau kawai bayan ya koma Amurka a 1825. Nan da nan bayan haka, an haye shi tare da wasu nau’in gida, wanda ya karu da yawan nama.

Hampshire aladu su ne naman alade. Siffofinsa sune:

• launin baƙar fata tare da farin “bel” yana wucewa tare da layin kafada;
• ƙananan elongated jiki;
• gajerun kafafu masu ƙarfi;
• haske kai da kunnuwa madaidaiciya.

Yawan yawan naman aladu daga Amurka ya yi fice sosai a kan tushen sauran nau’ikan. A matsayinka na mai mulki, nauyin mata ba ya wuce 250 kg. Ga maza, iyakar nauyin nauyi shine 310 kg. Naman yana da dandano mai kyau, taushi da ƙananan kitse mai.

Babban fa’idodin wannan nau’in shine saurin haɓakawa a cikin kowane yanayi da juriya ga yawancin cututtukan dabbobi na yau da kullun. Haihuwa a cikin irin waɗannan dabbobi shine matsakaici. Shuka yana kaiwa daga kawuna 8 zuwa 12 a cikin zuriyar guda ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, mace ta mace tana da haɓakar haɓakar ma’anar uwa, yana ba da gudummawa ga rayuwarsu da saurin girma. Nama Hampshire alade tare da ingantaccen ciyarwa suna iya samun nauyin kilo 1 na nauyi kowace rana.

Temvors

Tamworth ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya ne. An haifa irin wannan nau’in ne bisa tushen Staffordshire baƙar fata da ja aladu, waɗanda aka daɗe ana kiwo a waɗannan ƙasashe. A bisa hukuma, layin jinsin tare da duk abubuwan da suka dace an yi rajista a cikin 1920.

Tamworth ta nau’in kayan nama yana nufin nau’in naman alade. Dabbobi ba su da sha’awar abinci. Suna jin daɗi a cikin yankuna masu sanyi, an bambanta su ta hanyar rigakafi mai ƙarfi. Bisa ga halayensu, su ne masu natsuwa da jin dadin jama’a. Ya dace da kiyayewa tare da sauran dabbobi.

Pig Tamworth

Launi ya bambanta daga ja zuwa zinariya. Kadan na kowa shine wakilai masu launin ja mai duhu. Jiki yana da ƙarfi, ya ƙwanƙwasa, bai wuce 1,5 m tsayi ba. Karamin kai a hankali yana wucewa cikin wuya mai fadi. Gabas ɗin suna da girma, amma gajere.

Haihuwar Tamworth shine 6-10 piglets kowace zuriyar dabbobi. Matasan suna girma cikin sauri. Da watanni 7, nauyin alade zai iya kaiwa 110 kg. An yaba da dandano na naman alade na wannan nau’in.

Vietnamese potbelly

An yarda da shi a cikin mutane cewa nau’in naman alade dole ne ya kasance mai girma kuma gaba ɗaya. Amma, ba ɗayan ko ɗayan halayen ta kowace hanya da ke da alaƙa da nau’in bellied na Vietnamese. An yi kiwon waɗannan dabbobi shekaru da yawa a duk kudu maso gabashin Asiya. A lokaci guda, an daidaita sunan nau’in saboda gaskiyar cewa daga Vietnam ne a cikin 1985 da aka fara kawo su Turai da Kanada. Daga baya, sun bazu kusan ko’ina cikin duniya.

Yawancin lokaci nauyin alade mai ciki ba ya wuce 80 kg. Tare da abun ciki mai tsayi, nauyin dabba zai iya kaiwa 150 kg. Amma, babban amfani da nau’in ba shine babban adadin nama ba, amma ingancinsa. Yana da ɗanɗano sosai, tare da ƙaramar adadin mai kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai daɗi.

Siffofin bayyanar vislobelly sun haɗa da alamu masu zuwa:

• baƙar fata a cikin inuwa da yawa;
• saggy ciki;
• gajerun kafafu;
• jiki yana da ƙarfi sosai, an faɗaɗa shi sosai a cikin yankin dorsal;
• gaban muzzle ya baje.

Fa’idodin nau’in da ya sa ya shahara sun haɗa da:

• Manyan zuriya. Mace na iya kawo ‘ya’ya har 20 a lokaci guda. A lokaci guda kuma, uwar da kanta tana renon zuriya, wanda ya sa ya fi sauƙi don kula da shi.
• Saurin balaga. Aladu suna shirye don farauta jima’i riga a cikin shekaru 4 watanni.
• Ƙarfin rigakafi ga yawancin cututtuka da ke shafar aladu.
• Tsabta mai girma. Rabe-raben shiyyoyin da aka tsara ta hanyar gado zuwa “bandaki” da “daki” yana sauƙaƙa sosai wajen tsaftace alade.

Bietnam mai ciki alade

Da Don

An haifi wannan nau’in nama a Rasha a ƙarshen karni na 20. Dabbobi da sauri sun mamaye yankunan kasar masu sanyi. A waje, dabbar tana da kamanni sosai. Nauyin shuka bai wuce 230 kg ba. Boar iya girma har zuwa 320 kg. A lokaci guda, akwai musculature da aka bayyana, girman girman baya, ciki har da naman alade. Kan karami ne da dogayen kunnuwa masu faduwa suna rufe idanuwa. Launi ya bambanta daga fari zuwa ja. Akwai baƙar fata a fata.

Haihuwar nau’in Don yana da yawa. Mahaifa na iya kawo jarirai har 10 a cikin farji daya. Kuma suna girma cikin sauri. Amfanin iri-iri kuma sun haɗa da tsarin rigakafi mai ƙarfi wanda ke kare dabba daga cututtuka da yawa, da halin zaman lafiya.

Kemerovo

An kafa wannan nau’in naman alade a Siberiya, a yankin Kemerovo. An zaɓi Berkshire, Manyan Fari da aladun arewacin Siberiya a matsayin tushen shi. Amma, sakamakon da aka samu ya kasance nau’in nau’in mai-nama, don haka masu shayarwa sun ci gaba da aikin su kuma sun kara kayan aiki tare da wakilan nau’in Landrace. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a sami layin nau’i na biyu, wanda ya riga ya zama wakilin nau’in nama.

Siffofin bayyanar dabbobi sun haɗa da:

• baƙar fata na fata, tare da bayyanannun fararen aibobi a kan muzzle da ƙafafu;
• jiki mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da madaidaicin rabbai, tare da sternum. Tsawon gawa zai iya kaiwa 180 cm;
• gabobi suna da ƙarfi tare da manyan hamma;
• bristles masu kauri, galibi baki, suna girma akan fata.

Adult Kemerovo aladu suna bambanta da wani wajen babban taro. A cikin mata, ya kai kilogiram 250, a cikin boars, a matsakaici, shine 330-350 kg. A lokaci guda, yawan nama na dabba shine 55-60%. Abubuwan da ake amfani da aladun Kemerovo kuma sun haɗa da yawan haihuwa da precocity. A daya zuriyar dabbobi, mafi sau da yawa daga 10 zuwa 11 piglets. A cikin watanni 6, sun kai adadin 0,1 ton. Bugu da kari, ya kamata a lura cewa wannan nau’in yana da matukar juriya ga sanyi kuma yana jure wa kusanci da sauran dabbobi cikin nutsuwa.

Kemerovo irin

Baƙar fata babba

A bisa hukuma, an yi rajistar babban alade baƙar fata a cikin 1899 a Ingila. Makiyaya daga Cornwall ne suka gudanar da kiwo wannan nau’in nama. A yayin zaɓen, an ɗauki wakilan nau’ikan iri na gida a matsayin tushe. An ketare su da bakar fata na kasar Sin.

Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, launin fatar dabbobi baƙar fata ne. Nauyin babban mutum shine kilogiram 250 (mace) ko 330-350 kg (namiji). Tsawon jikin dabba shine 160-173 cm. Bugu da ƙari, na waje elongation na jiki, ana kuma bambanta da wadannan:

• ƙananan kai tare da kunnuwa rataye;
• lebur, mai fadi da baya tare da ma’anar tsokoki;
• faɗin ƙirji da tarnaƙi masu siffar ganga;
• hams da aka yi da kyau, wanda ke da girman girma da siffar zagaye;
• bakin ciki baƙar fata bristles suna girma akan fata.

Jimillar kashi na nama a cikin gawa kusan kashi 50 ne. Zuriyar ba ta wuce jarirai 9-11 a kowace lita ba. Yawan girma na 1 centner matasa yana karuwa a cikin watanni 6. Nauyin nauyi a kowace rana shine akalla 700 g. Shuka yana mai da hankali ga zuriya kuma yana tare da shi koyaushe.

Ya kamata a lura cewa irin wannan dabba ya saba da yanayin yankuna masu dumi kuma ya saba da kiwo. Amma, tare da ciyarwar da ba ta dace ba da rashin bin tsarin tafiyar tafiya, da sauri ta sami kitse mai yawa.

Urzhumskaya

Layin nau’in Urzhum ya fara haɓaka tun tsakiyar karni na 20. An bred ta a cikin yankin Kirov (Urzhum) bisa ga nau’in gida da wakilai na nau’in manyan fata. Mutanen da aka haifa sun girma cikin sauri, sun kashe abinci ta hanyar tattalin arziki kuma an bambanta su da nauyi mai kyau.

Urzhum irin layin

Saboda irin nau’in da ake nomawa a yankunan arewa shine tushen, wanda hakan ya sa daidaikun mutane ke jure sanyi sosai. Bugu da ƙari, suna da kwanciyar hankali da daidaitawa, sun saba da kiwo. Kundin tsarin mulkin dabbobi ya bambanta a cikin wadannan abubuwa:

1. Jiki mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, wanda tsawonsa ya kai 170-180 cm.
2. An ƙwanƙwasa kwarangwal, an bambanta shi da wani ƙazanta.
3. Yankin thoracic yana da ƙananan ƙananan.
4. Yankin ciki da baya sun fi ci gaba kuma an bambanta su ta hanyar girma na musamman. Yankin dorsal yana da tsayi tare da faffadan sacrum.
5. Ƙafafun suna da girma da ƙarfi, an bambanta su da manyan tsokoki. Naman alade ya kai kusan ga haɗin tsalle. Kofato suna da ƙarfi.
6. Doguwar farin bristle na girma akan fata.

Wakilan nau’in Urzhum suna da wadata sosai. Nauyin mutum zai iya kaiwa 250-350 kg. Yawan amfanin nama daga irin wannan gawa, dangane da ciyarwa, yana daga 53-55%. Salo yana ɗaukar 35%. Sakamakon naman alade shine nau’in naman alade.

Haihuwar mahaifa shine 11-13 piglets. Ita kanta tana renon zuriya.

tseren ƙasa

Landras dan kasar Denmark ne. Sakamakon giciye ne tsakanin babban farar alade da nau’in Danish. Daga zuriyar da aka haifa, an zaɓi mafi girma da sauri, mafi girma da kuma mafi kyawun alade, wanda aka ba da ƙarin zaɓi. A sakamakon haka, ya kasance …