Sharar abinci shine ragowar kayan abinci na ɗan adam daban-daban, ya ƙunshi abubuwan abinci da yawa kuma abinci ne mai mahimmanci ga aladu. Daga cikin su, wani wuri na musamman yana shagaltar da sharar gida, kamar yadda ya fi dacewa da abinci mai gina jiki da kuma ciyar da dabbobi akai-akai. Sun hada da ragowar darussa na farko da na biyu, burodi, kifi, kayan lambu, ‘ya’yan itatuwa, sharar gida bayan yanke nama (fim, tendons, kasusuwa) da sauran abinci mai kalori mai yawa.
A abun da ke ciki da kuma sinadirai masu darajar sharar gida ta bambanta da yanayi na shekara, don haka busasshen abun ciki a cikin su jeri daga 19 zuwa 24%. Darajar abinci mai gina jiki na kilogiram 1 na busassun busassun busassun abinci shine 1,2-1,3. Raka’a Ya ƙunshi 100-150 g na gina jiki narkewa, 25-27 g na alli, 10 g na phosphorus. Darajar abinci mai gina jiki na 1 kg na sharar gida shine 0,26-0,39 raka’a abinci, 20-35 g na gina jiki mai narkewa, 2,5-5 g na alli, 1,5-2 g na phosphorus.
Kowane kilogiram 4-5 na sharar abinci yana daidai da ƙimar sinadirai zuwa 1 kilogiram na abinci mai mai da hankali, kuma dangane da abun ciki na amino acid da bitamin a cikin busassun busassun busassun sun wuce ƙimar hatsi. 1 kg ya ƙunshi: lysine – 3-10 g, methionine – 1-5 g, tryptophan – 1,6-1,9 g, carotene – 1-2 MG, bitamin B1 – 0,21-0,25 MG, B2 – 0,45-0,54 MG, B12 – 2,5 MG, choline – 35 MG. A matsayin adadin danyen furotin, lysine ya ƙunshi 4,76, metmionine tare da cystine – 2,55, wanda ya dace da bukatun aladu masu girma.
Daga tebur na mazaunan birni, 50-70 kg na sharar abinci mai gina jiki za a iya tattarawa a kowace shekara, kuma kaɗan daga teburin mazaunan karkara. Gidan birni na uku, saboda amfani da sharar gida lokacin da ake kitso aladu, na iya samun ƙarin 8 zuwa 12 kilogiram na girma, dangin karkara na wannan abun da ke ciki – 12-15 kg na girma. Yiwuwar adana abinci mai tsada da ƙarancin kuzari a bayyane yake.
Baya ga sharar gida, akwai wasu hanyoyin samun ƙarin abinci a cikin gidan. Waɗannan su ne sharar gida daga sarrafa madara (whey, skim madara, man shanu), daga yankan dabbobi da kaji (jini, splin, trimming, fata fata, hanji, kai da kafafu na tsuntsu), shuka shuka da sharar gida (kabeji ganye, fi, overripe cucumbers, zucchini , tumatir marasa girma, kananan dankali, karas, beets, ‘ya’yan itatuwa da suka fadi da sharar gida daga sarrafa su).
gonaki, a matsayin rukunin masu tallafawa kai, suna da ƙarin damar yin amfani da sharar abinci a kiwon dabbobi. Dangane da yarjejeniyar da kamfanonin abinci, kifi, nama, kiwo, Brewing, ‘ya’yan itace da masana’antun sarrafa kayan lambu, za su iya karba. sharar kifi (ciki, kawunansu, wutsiya, nikakken nama), gwangwani sharar gida (kayan lambu marasa inganci, ragowar bayan tsaftacewa da rarraba su, kwasfa, ganye, zaruruwan zaruruwa), masana’antar niƙa fulawa (sharar niƙa mai ƙarancin ƙima, ƙurar gari, share gari, bran), sarrafa nama, matse mai, shayarwa, masana’antar barasa da sauran masana’antu. Zai yiwu a yi amfani da gawawwakin dabbobi masu ɗauke da Jawo, marasa ƙarfi, marasa lafiya, da matattun dabbobi ga aladu bayan tafasa sosai.
Mafi mahimmancin waɗannan abubuwan ciyarwa shine sharar dabbobi, kuma yakamata a yi amfani da su a hankali daga 3 zuwa 5% dangane da ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki.
Sharar abinci samfur ne mai lalacewa. Lokacin girbi da amfani da shi ba daidai ba, da sauri suna rasa darajar sinadirai kuma suna haifar da cututtukan gastrointestinal a cikin dabbobi.
A cikin wani yanki na yanki na sirri, yana da kyau a ciyar da sharar abinci sabo kowace rana. Sauran sharar abinci, ciki har da sharar gida, da aka karɓa daga wuraren cin abinci na jama’a, dole ne a tafasa su aƙalla sa’o’i 2 a zafin jiki na 100 ° C. Bayan sanyaya zuwa zafin jiki na 40-50 ° C, an haɗa su da abinci mai mahimmanci. zuwa daidaito na mash mai kauri da rarraba zuwa aladu. Don samar da aladu tare da bitamin, musamman ma carotene, dole ne a haɗa abincin ciyawa a cikin abincin.
Lokacin girma da kitsen aladu har zuwa kilogiram 60-70 na nauyin rayuwa, sharar abinci na iya zama 30-45% a cikin abinci dangane da ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki; A mataki na ƙarshe na kitso daga 70 kg zuwa sama, za a iya ƙara yawan sharar abinci a cikin abinci zuwa 50-65%, ragewa a ƙarshen fattening zuwa 40%.
Tare da ingantaccen tsarin karɓar irin wannan sharar gida zuwa gona ko gona, yana da ma’ana don ba da kayan abinci don sarrafa su da kuma shirye-shiryen ciyarwa.
Layuka huɗu suna sanye take a cikin abinci dafa abinci: karɓa, niƙa da adana sharar abinci, ana kula da su ta thermally tare da tururi, karɓa, adanawa da tattara abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da ciyawa da ciyawa, shirya abinci dusar ƙanƙara.
Maganin thermal na sharar gida yana da kyau a cikin tukunyar jirgi na musamman na autoclave a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba har zuwa 4 ATM. Tare da wannan magani, sharar gida ba ya buƙatar murkushe shi. Ƙwaƙwalwar atomatik yana ba da ingantaccen zubar da sharar abinci kuma yana hana cututtukan ciki.
Alade sun saba cin abinci gaurayawan abinci tare da ƙari na sharar abinci a hankali a cikin kwanaki 3-7, suna maye gurbin maida hankali da 30-35% a ƙarshen wannan lokacin.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
