Kiwo aladu don sabon shiga

Kiwo aladu a cikin bayan gida ko gidan rani yana da riba kuma, tare da lissafin da ya dace, mai riba. Kiwon alade wata hanya ce ta dogara don cin sabo, nama mai laushi ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba. Tunanin yana buƙatar saka hannun jari na farko, lokaci, ilimi da haƙuri, amma a ƙarshe, tare da samun kwarewa, yana kawo sakamakon da ake sa ran.

Kiwo aladu a bayan gida

Shin yana da fa’ida don kiyaye aladu?

Amfanin mai kiwon alade, ko da maƙasudin shine kawai don samar da nama ga iyalinsa, saboda halayen dabbobi:

• suna da sauri suna samun nauyi, nauyin ɗan alade da aka haifa kusan kilogiram ne, kuma bayan watanni biyu yana ƙaruwa sau 15-20;
• alade yana girma sau 140 a shekara;
• aladu suna shan kashi uku na abincin da suke ci, yayin da, alal misali, agwagi kawai kashi biyar;
• kowace kilogiram na nauyin kiba lokacin kitso alade, 30% ƙasa da abinci ana kashe fiye da na shanu;
• yanka 85% (a cikin shanu 50-60%).

Amfanin haifuwar dabba kuma yana da ban sha’awa. Shuka suna da yawa. Don farrowing ɗaya, zaka iya samun 10 – 14 piglets, kuma sau biyu a cikin shekara. Ana amfani da zuriyar don ƙarin kiwo da kiwo, ƙara yawan dabbobi. Ɗaya daga cikin mahaifa, la’akari da nauyin nauyin ‘ya’yan, yana iya samar da ton 2-3 na nama a kowace shekara.

Idan babu damar da za a ƙara garke, kuma shi ne m don gina ƙarin gabatarwa ga gidaje, tsotsa aladu, a kansu wani m abinci samfurin, suna da sha’awa ga gourmets. Suna da sauƙin siyarwa zuwa wasu gonaki. Ana ajiye aladu a gonaki da yawa da kuma a cikin gidaje, don haka alade kayan abinci ne da ake nema. Ana iya siyar da kowanne a wata akan 100 – 200 daloli.

Farashin farko:

• gina wani alade;
• sayan kaya;
• siyan abinci da dabbobi.

Kiyasin farashi ya kamata ya haɗa da allurar rigakafi na tilas da zubar da boars, kula da haƙƙin siyar da samfur, da samun takaddun da suka dace daga hukumomin tsafta.

Yana da m don tsara namo abinci ga aladu a naka bayan gida. Wasu kari na musamman da bitamin za a saya ta wata hanya.

Lokacin zana tsarin kasuwanci, kuna buƙatar rarraba kuɗin shiga akan lokaci. Yi shiri don yanka dabbobi na yau da kullun da sannu a hankali tare da dawo da aladun ku ko siyayya daga waje.

Zana tsarin kasuwanci

Hanyoyin kiyaye alade

Kuna iya ajiye aladu bisa ga fasahar Kanada ko Danish, yi amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na tsara dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin sito.

Fasaha fasali

Kanada ta dogara ne akan amfani da zuriyar dabbobi a cikin alade. Yana ba da dacewa da kwanciyar hankali ga dabbobi kuma yana haifar da ƙarin zafi a cikin yanayin sanyi. A matsayin amfanin abu:

Wannan zaɓin ya dace da gonaki na kowane girman, daga bayan gida zuwa babban garke.

Fasahar Danish ta dogara ne akan yin amfani da wani katafaren falon robobi na musamman ko kuma babban wurin taki inda sharar ke kwarara, wanda hakan zai sa a samu saukin kula da dabbobi. Don yin wannan, ana shirya ramummuka na musamman a cikin ƙasa, waɗanda ba sa hana dabbobi daga motsi, amma suna ba da gudummawa ga kawar da taki ba tare da bata lokaci ba.

Daga cikin wanka na taki, ana aika sharar zuwa mai tara taki ta hanyar tsarin zubar da ruwa. A bisa bukatar mai shi, ana iya fitar da shi lokaci-lokaci ta hanyar amfani da ayyukan magudanar ruwa, ko kuma a yi amfani da shi azaman taki wajen noman amfanin gona.

Automation na tsarin tsabtace alade:

• yana rage lokacin kula da dabbobi;
• yana rage wari mara kyau;
• yana inganta alamun tsabta na kiyaye dabbobi.

Kodayake farashin farko na ginin ginin zai yi yawa, kula da dabbobin ba zai yi tsada ba. Yin amfani da fasahar sarrafa kansa ga gidan yana da mahimmanci musamman idan ba shine babban aiki ba.

Hanyoyin abun ciki

Lokacin kiwon aladu, ana aiwatar da hanyoyi da yawa na kiyayewa:

1. A cikin yankuna da yanayi mai dumi – kewayon kyauta. Ƙofofin daga alade zuwa shingen shinge suna buɗe kullum kuma aladu na iya fita da komawa duk lokacin da suke so.
2. Hanyar tafiya cikin sauƙi ta dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa kowane sashe yana da ƙofarsa, wanda aka buɗe wa dabbobi kawai a cikin yanayi mai kyau. Bayan tafiya ana mayar dasu.
3. Hanyar da ba ta tafiya ba ana amfani da ita a cikin samar da kayayyaki masu yawa, a kan gonakin alade masu yawan iska mai kyau. Ya dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa dabbar tana ciyar da rayuwarta gaba ɗaya a cikin gida, inda akwai isasshen haske da iska.

Kiyaye aladu kyauta

Zaɓi ɗaya daga cikinsu dangane da yanayi da yuwuwar, yanki da wuraren adana dabbobi.

Abubuwan buƙatu na asali don alade

Lafiya da ƙimar nauyin aladu yana shafar yanayin gidaje. Kyakkyawan alade yana ba da:

• isasshen haske da iska mai kyau,
• sarari kyauta a ƙimar 4 sq. m. ga alade ko boar da 6 sq.m. don shuka;
• dumi kuma babu zane.

Gilashin suna kasancewa ɗaya ta murabba’i 10-15 da nisan mita 1,5 daga bene don samun isasshen haske na halitta; a cikin hunturu, ana kunna fitilu na musamman, wanda ke sama da feeders.

An raba pigsty zuwa sassa daban-daban, kowannensu an tsara shi don mutane da yawa. Na dabam ya ƙunshi shuka tare da ‘ya’yan itace. Piglets da aka yaye daga mace suna jin daɗi a cikin alkaluma na mutane 20-30. Don boars, sassan da aka tsara don shugabannin 8-10 sun dace.

An gina pigsty daga abubuwa daban-daban:

• itace: rani daga allon, hunturu daga katako ko katako;
• kumfa kankare ko slag kankare;
• daga bulo, sibita, kayan kankare.

Yana da mahimmanci cewa yana da dumi kuma yana kare shi daga zane. Samun nauyi mai sauri ta hanyar piglets zai ba ka damar samun nasarar kammala kitso a cikin lokacin zafi mai zafi, don haka za ku iya yin ba tare da gina ginin babban birnin ba. Don kitso na watanni 8-9, sito na katako ya isa. Dole ne ya kasance da ƙarfi sosai cewa dabbobi ba za su iya lalata shi ba yayin motsi mai aiki.

Idan bangon dutse ne, ana buƙatar filasta da farar fata. Yana da amfani don sheathe bangon tare da allunan zuwa tsawo na 1 m daga bene. Wannan zai ƙara zafi kuma ya kare tsarin daga lalacewa.

An shirya rufin daga allunan da ko katako na kankare kuma an rufe shi da kayan da ba su da tsada: sawdust, yashi, ƙasa. Rufe ginin:

• slate;
• rufin rufi;
• takardar sana’a;
• lebur baƙin ƙarfe.

A cikin sito, wajibi ne a shirya yaki da berayen da beraye. Yana da haɗari a yi amfani da guba saboda yana iya cutar da dabbobi. Hanyar da ta dace ita ce masu juyawa na ultrasonic a cikin isassun adadi don cika ɗakin duka tare da sauti.

A cikin keji inda za a ajiye alade, kuna buƙatar shirya fitilu na musamman da kwanon sha mai tunani. Don hidimar aladu, kuna buƙatar farar fata, rake da shebur.

Mai shayarwa ga aladu

Lokacin shirya alade, yi tunani game da wurin tafiya. A cikin iska mai kyau, alade suna samun nauyi da sauri kuma suna haɓaka rigakafi. Kasancewar wani yanki mai faɗin shinge a gaban alade shine tabbacin lafiyar dabba da ingancin samfurin ƙarshe.

Kiwo piglets

Yana da daraja farawa don haɓakawa da kiyaye piglets a gida tare da ƙananan adadi, ɗaya ko biyu mutane, dangane da bukatun da girman ɗakin. Idan kuna shirin kasuwanci mai riba, yana da daraja siyan 250-300 shugabannin, wanda 8 zai zama alade, 20 za su shuka, sauran kuma za su zama alade don kitso.

Zaɓin iri

Lokacin fara kiwo aladu, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar nau’in da ya dace. Kasuwar Rasha tana ba da zaɓuɓɓuka fiye da 35. Sun bambanta ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Dangane da halayen samfurin ƙarshe, akwai:

• man alade-nama;
• nama-sebaceous;
• naman alade.

Matsayin samun nauyi, haihuwa, juriya na cututtuka, da ingancin samfurin ƙarshe ya dogara da nau’in. Idan wannan shine karon farko da kiwo na alade, tsaya tare da fararen aladu masu tauri. Wannan naman fari ne mai maiko. Tana sanya tsoka fiye da kitso. Landrace yana siffanta shi da ƙarami mai laushi, katon baya da naman alade. Wadannan nau’ikan suna da manyan ‘ya’ya da nauyin nauyin 700 – 900 grams kowace rana.

Lokacin da kuka sayi alade, kada ku sanya su gaba ɗaya tare da dukan garke. Ana buƙatar keɓe keɓewa, ajiye daban don makonni 2 – wata ɗaya. Wannan zai kare garken daga cututtuka da ake kawowa daga waje.

Ayyukan dafa abinci

Domin alade su girma cikin koshin lafiya, a matakin farko suna buƙatar ciyar da su cikin juzu’i, bayan sa’o’i 2-3. Babban abinci:

• kiwo;
• poridge tare da madara;
• abinci na musamman na fili;
• bitamin kari.

A cikin watanni 2 – 2,5, ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna buƙatar cirewa daga mace kuma a hankali su fara ciyar da sau 3, rage yawan madara, maye gurbin shi da baya. Ciyawa da ciyawa da ciyawa, waɗanda aka tururi a cikin ruwan zafi, sun dace da ciyar da dabbobin matasa. Daga watanni 2 zuwa 4, kada ku ciyar da danyen dankali, yana da kyau a tafasa su. Ana iya ba da karas danye, yankakken yankakken ko grated.

Karas ga aladu

Kiwon alade

Balaga na aladu yana faruwa a watanni 8-9, saboda haka, zuriyar farko ta bayyana a cikin watanni 11-14. Daga jimlar yawan jama’a don kiwo, an zaɓi alade mai lafiya wanda ke yin la’akari aƙalla kilogiram 100., Tare da ingantaccen nono 12, an zaɓi.

Kafin ciki, ana canza abincin alade, yana wadatar da shi:

• kayayyakin kiwo;
• sharar gida daga teburin ɗan adam;
• abinci mai gina jiki;
• ganye.

Kuna iya ƙayyade lokacin da ya dace don haɓakawa ta hanyar halayen alade. Za ta fara:

• saurare;
• ƙin abinci;
• gunaguni ne na hali.

Hadi yana da kyau sa’o’i 12 bayan farkon estrus. Bayan wasu sa’o’i 12, ana maimaita tsari. Bayan kwanaki 17, kula da halin dabba. Idan alamun sha’awar jima’i sun sake bayyana, to shuka bai yi nasara ba kuma yana buƙatar maimaita shi.

Kulawa bayan haihuwa

Bayan haihuwa, ba kawai piglets ne a cikin wani m matsayi, amma kuma shuka. Ana bukatar a ba ta lita guda na ruwa, ruwa ko madara da aka shafe da ruwa. Sai bayan sa’o’i 6 ana ba su izinin shan abin da ya ishe su. Da farko, ana ba da abinci na ruwa kawai, a rana mai zuwa – tushen amfanin gona don hanzarta lactation. Mace mai shayarwa tana bukatar ta ci sau uku a rana.

Bayan farrowing, ya kamata a kula da kowane alade:

• shafa;
• kunnuwa mai tsabta, faci, baki;
• man shafawa da yanke na cibi da aidin.

Kula da tuntuɓar mahaifiyar. Don yin wannan, haɗa alade zuwa nono ba a baya fiye da minti 45 bayan haihuwa. Idan ya makara, mahaifiyarsa ba za ta gane shi ba.

Ciyarwar dabi’a na alade

Kula da aladu a gida

Kiwon aladu a bayan gida ya bambanta sosai da kiwo na masana’antu akan manyan gonaki. Don samun sakamako mai kyau:

• sanya ma’aunin zafi da sanyio a cikin alade wanda zai taimaka wajen sarrafa zafin jiki: ga yara matasa 18-23 digiri, ga sauran – 12-15;
• kula da zafi a cikin 70-75%, tsaftacewa akai-akai, tsaftacewa da iska a cikin dakin;
• kare dabbobi daga zane-zane da sanyi, kula da kullun, rufe bene da buɗewar taga;
• lokaci-lokaci tsaftace kasan alade, wuri mai bude inda dabbobi ke tafiya, wannan zai kare kariya daga cututtuka;
• tafiya da aladu, mafi kyau;
• a kai a kai canza ruwa a cikin masu sha, kada ku bar shi ya tsaya kuma ya yi tsami;
• tsaftace masu ciyarwa bayan kowane abinci;
• disinfect sau ɗaya a wata;
• zabi abincin da ya dace, ciyar da sau 2 a rana, amfani, ban da hatsi da hay, ciyawa mai sabo, kayan lambu, kayan abinci na bitamin.

Noman alade na iya zama abin sha’awa ko taimako wajen samarwa iyali abinci mai kyau. Sa’an nan kuma yana da kyau a sami ƙananan adadin dabbobi da injiniyoyi na tsarin kula da dabbobi.

Kiwon aladu don nama

Kuna iya shuka alade don nama har sai ya kai nauyin kilogiram 100. Dangane da nau’in da kulawa, wannan yana faruwa a watanni 7-10 na rayuwa. Naman alade yana cikin buƙata marar iyaka, saboda wannan nama mai dadi yana cike da jiki sosai, shine tushen furotin da amino acid mai mahimmanci.

Yana da daraja kula da kasuwar tallace-tallace tun kafin gina alade da sayan alade. Idan kun yanke shawarar fara noman alade don riba, yi cikakken tsarin kasuwanci kuma kuyi tunani cikin cikakkun bayanai.