Anthrax a cikin aladu

Na dogon lokaci, batun yiwuwar kamuwa da dabbobin gida ga cutar an dauke shi da jayayya. Yawancin masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi, aladu ba su da saukin kamuwa da wannan cuta. Duk da haka, binciken ya haifar da shakku: aladu sun kamu da cutar, kuma cutar sau da yawa tana tare da mutuwar dabba.

Anthrax a cikin alade

A cikin nau’i na tsarin cututtuka na gida, anthrax yana faruwa a cikin aladu. Mafi sau da yawa, cutar tana faruwa a cikin nau’i mai guba (sepsis). Wannan yana nuna cewa dabbobin gida suna da juriya na halitta.

Menene cuta?

Anthrax ya kasance sananne ga duniya tun zamanin da, lokacin da ake kira “wuta mai tsarki”. Kafin juyin juya halin, Rasha ta san wannan cuta sosai, kamar yadda ta shafe Siberiya, saboda haka ya karbi sunan “anthrax”. Yanayin cutar a cikin dabbobi iri ɗaya ne da na ɗan adam, kuma hakan yana tabbatar da yiwuwar kamuwa da ita daga dabbobi zuwa mutum.

Ma’anar cutar ita ce ƙwayoyin cuta na microbial bacillus da ke jure kamuwa da cuta. Bacillus na aerobic a cikin jikin mutum yana karɓar yanayi mai kyau don rayuwa, kuma ya rasa su, ya zama spores.

Lokacin da ya shiga cikin ƙasa, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna samar da spores kuma, kamar yadda yake, an “tsare” a cikin wannan yanayin shekaru masu yawa. Dabbobin da ke wurin kiwo ko cin abinci da suka gurbace da tururuwa na anthrax ana kaiwa hari kuma su kamu da rashin lafiya.

Peculiarity! Mutum yana samun saukin kamuwa da wannan cuta yayin yankan gawar dabbobin gida ko bude gawarwakinsu.

Itacen anthrax a cikin nau’i na spore yana buɗe tsarin rayuwarsa. A waje, suna rayuwa ne a cikin ƙasa da ruwa, daga inda suke samun kansu da ƙura mai tashi a kan gashin dabbobin gida, a cikin numfashi ko hanji.

A wurin kamuwa da cuta, wani tsari wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba na lalata nama ya fara. Ƙarfafa mulkin mallaka tare da saurin walƙiya da kuma samar da guba mai guba, bacillus mai kisa yana cutar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi, yana hana jiki damar yin tsayayya da kamuwa da cuta kuma nan da nan ya mutu.

Bayan mutuwar dabbar da ruɗuwarta, ƙwayoyin cuta sun sake shiga cikin ƙasa kuma suna yin spores. A cikin ƙasa, a cikin yanayi mai kyau, za su iya jira har zuwa shekaru ɗari na sa’a na nasara, har sai sun sake shiga cikin kwayoyin halitta ko dai ta lalacewa ta fata, ko ta hanyar iska, ko kuma ta baki da abinci ko abin sha.

Kumburi na kwayoyin cutar anthrax wani nau’i ne na kariya na musamman wanda ke taimaka masa ya tsira daga lokaci mai wuya a rayuwa. Don haka, ƙwayoyin cuta suna da juriya a cikin yanayin waje, suna wanzuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali a yanayin zafi mai yawa, suna jure tasirin wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma suna da juriya ga bushewa. Ko da matsa lamba na yanayi da yawa ba ya nan da nan yana da mummunar tasiri akan spores.

Dalilan bayyanar

Alade marasa lafiya suna ba da ƙasa da ruwa tare da ɓarnansu iri-iri, sannan ƙwayoyin cuta masu kama da spore suna rayuwa cikin nutsuwa a cikin ƙasa har sai sun hau wani abu mai rai: kwaro mai shan jini (misali, doki), namun daji ko na gida, mutum.

Kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar gurbataccen ƙasa

Kamuwa da cuta na mutane tare da anthrax galibi ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar hanyar abinci. Ƙananan lalacewa ga ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta shiga cikin tsarin lymphatic da ke kusa da glandar thyroid, sa’an nan kuma cikin jini.

Alade suna fama da cutar anthrax ba tare da la’akari da shekaru, jinsi da jinsi ba. Cutar na iya faruwa a duk shekara, amma sau da yawa yakan tashi a lokacin rani. Dalilin cutar na iya zama ciyarwa da ruwa gurbata tare da spores na pathogen.

Alamun

Wakilin microbe-causative na mummunar cuta yana shiga cikin kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar lalacewa ga epithelium na mucous membranes da fata na dabbobi. Waɗannan yanayi ne waɗanda ke tasiri sosai kan yanayin cutar da tushen kamuwa da cuta. Alade sosai suna niƙa abinci mai ƙarfi, don haka mutuncin mucosa na baka yana raguwa cikin sauƙi, wanda ke haifar da faruwar cutar anthrax a yankin da ke ƙarƙashin muƙamuƙi. Kuma aladu za su iya magance wannan kawai idan suna da tsarin lymphatic lafiya. Bugu da kari, adadin ci gaban cutar na iya shafar:

• matsaloli tare da ciki da hanji;
• kaifi tsalle a cikin zafin jiki;
• canjin yanayi na hakoran madara na matasa;
• lalacewa ga rami na baka saboda rauni ga mucous membrane;
• babban rauni na jiki tare da beriberi da gajiya.

Akwai nau’ikan cutar guda uku:

1. Angina. Yanayin zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa kaɗan (40,5-41 ° C) kuma yana ɗauka daga rana zuwa 4, sannan ya faɗi zuwa al’ada. Ƙarƙashin muƙamuƙi da kusa da kunnuwa, komai ya zama mai kumburi da kumburi. Angina yana dagula aikin numfashi saboda kunkuntar maƙogwaro, da kumburin ƙwayoyin lymph. Duk wannan yana haifar da shaƙewa kuma, a sakamakon haka, zuwa mutuwa. Yanayin dabba marar lafiya yana da matukar damuwa, yana fama da rashin numfashi, cin abinci yana da wuyar gaske.

Muhimmanci! Wannan nau’i na anthrax na iya zama gaba ɗaya asymptomatic. Babu wani abu da ke damun dabbar a bayyanar, kuma bayan an yanka ta da kuma binciken wajibi na gawar, an gano wata mummunar cuta.

1. Na hanji Halaye da rashin narkewar abinci, rashin ci, amai, gudawa ko maƙarƙashiya; akwai jini a cikin stools. Wani lokaci ana samun karuwa a cikin zafin jiki har zuwa 40,5-41 ° C. Akwai rauni na nodes na yanki na wuyansa, ko da yake alamu na iya zama ba a nan.
2. Septic A cikin aladu, yana bayyana kansa da sauri – riga a ranar 2-3rd, alamun cutar sun bayyana. Wannan nau’i koyaushe yana kaiwa ga mutuwa. Haɓakawa mai kaifi a cikin zafin jiki har zuwa 42 ° yana da halayyar, ci ya ragu sosai ko kuma ba ya nan gaba ɗaya. Ana kora dabba marar lafiya a cikin kusurwa, an binne shi a cikin gado. Mutuwa tana faruwa da sauri (1-2 kwanaki bayan alamun farko sun bayyana).

Septic ulcer

Akwai nau’ikan nau’ikan cutar guda 3 a cikin aladu:

• saurin walƙiya;
• m;
• na kullum.

Tare da saurin walƙiya na cutar, yawan zafin jiki a cikin mutane ya kai 41-42 ° C, dabbobi suna jin daɗi, mucosa na ido ya juya shuɗi. Dabbar ta fado ba zato ba tsammani, ta ruɗe ta mutu.

Babban yanayin cutar yana bambanta ta hanyar rawar jiki, zazzabi har zuwa 42 ° C, zubar jini, cyanosis na mucous membrane na idanu. Babban nau’i mai mahimmanci yana da rikitarwa ta angina, yana rufe pharynx, palate, lymph nodes na pharynx da tonsils tare da tsari mai kumburi. Akwai kumburin wuya. Cutar tana azabtar da dabba har zuwa kwana biyu ko uku. Yana tari, tari, numfashinsa ke da wuya, tsarin hadiyewa yana da wahala.

Tsarin na yau da kullun yana gudana tare da kumburin ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin baki da makogwaro, edema na submandibular da asarar nauyi.

Bincike

Mafi sau da yawa, tare da anthrax, likitocin dabbobi suna magance gawar dabba, tun lokacin shiryawa na cutar yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma ya ƙare tare da mummunan yanayin cutar. A lokaci guda kuma, asibitin cutar ba shi da lokaci don girma da budewa. A cikin dabbobi marasa lafiya, babu takamaiman takamaiman alamun asibiti – hoton cutar ba a sani ba.

Babban hanyar gano cutar anthrax ita ce gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na nodes na pharyngeal da gutsuttsuran kumbura na haɗin makogwaro da aka ɗauka daga dabba mara lafiya.

Magani

Likitan dabbobi ne kawai ya yi hakan. Mutanen da ke da anthrax ana yi musu magani da maganin cutar anthrax. Ana gudanar da shi a cikin wani nau’i mai zafi (37-38 °) subcutaneously ko intramuscularly. Ana ƙididdige adadin daidaiku 50-100 ml kowace dabba.

Magani da maganin cutar anthrax

Ana lura da yanayin dabba a cikin sa’o’i 5-6 bayan allurar: idan bai fi kyau ba, ana sake maimaita maganin a cikin maganin warkewa. A cikin layi daya tare da gabatarwar magani, ana amfani da maganin rigakafi – penicillin tare da streptomycin, raka’a dubu 500 kowanne. da 100 g na nauyi mai rai. Don tsawaita aikin maganin rigakafi, an narkar da su kuma ana gudanar da su a cikin wani bayani na novocaine (0,5%).

Rigakafi

Don haɓaka rigakafi a cikin dabbobi, ana ba su kowace shekara rigakafin rigakafi, wanda aka yi sau ɗaya.

Ba za ku iya ba da maganin ba:

• mutane har zuwa watanni 3;
• dabbobi masu rauni da cututtuka;
• mata masu ciki;
• a cikin sanyi ko matsanancin zafi;
• lokacin da akwai cututtuka masu yaduwa a cikin al’ummar dabbobi.

Don hana ci gaba da yaduwar cutar anthrax, ana ɗaukar matakai masu zuwa:

1. an gabatar da keɓe masu ciwo a yankin da cutar ta barke;
2. ana ɗaukar foci na cutar ta hanyar sabis na dabbobi don kulawa akai-akai;
3. Ana ba dabbobi rigakafin rigakafi akai-akai;
4. suna kona gawarwakin dabbobi, taki, abinci – duk abin da ya rage na dabbobi a cikin mayar da hankali kan cutar.

Ana kona gawarwakin dabbobi da suka kamu da cutar

Halittar da suka yi rashin lafiya tare da wannan “annoba” suna samun rigakafi na dogon lokaci da dindindin.

Muhimmanci! Anthrax ba a yada shi ta hanyar bacilli masu rai, kawai ta hanyar spores. Wannan yana nufin cewa halitta mai rai da ta kamu da cutar ba ta da illa kuma ba ta da illa ga mutane da sauran dabbobi. Haka kuma marar lafiya ba ya yaduwa ga muhallinsa.

Spores suna samuwa ne kawai a cikin gawawwaki (bacilli yanzu ba su da yanayin da aka saba don aikin su mai mahimmanci), kuma kawai gawarwakin halittu marasa lafiya da wuraren binne su suna haifar da haɗari na gaske na dogon lokaci – shekaru ɗari. Dangane da abubuwan da suka gabata, Ina so in faɗi cewa ƙaunar ɗan adam na zamani don naman alade da man alade yana cike da sakamako, tunda ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a tabbata a cikin ajizancin duniyarmu na amincin kowane samfur ba, kuma musamman. alade delicacies.

Sabili da haka, duk masu cin nama suna buƙatar halartar binciken masu samar da naman alade masu dogara don tabbatar da kasancewar kula da dabbobi don kare kansu daga mummunar cuta mai kama da annoba da kwalara.