Alade paratyphoid

Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwar alade a cikin gonakin alade shine cututtuka masu yaduwa. Daga cikin su, wani wuri na musamman yana shagaltar da paratyphoid, wanda ke haifar da mummunar damuwa a cikin aikin manyan gabobin jiki da tsarin jiki. Sakamakon ci gabanta shine asarar nauyi a cikin nauyi, ƙin abinci kuma, sau da yawa, mutuwa. Don hana irin wannan sakamakon da ba a so, ya zama dole a san yadda paratyphoid ke tasowa a cikin alade, da kuma manyan alamun bayyanar cututtuka da maganin wannan cuta.

Paratyphoid piglets

Menene paratyphoid?

Paratyphoid (salmonellosis) cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da aladu wacce galibi tana shafar hanji, hanta da huhu na dabba. Dabbobin matasa, waɗanda tsarin rigakafinsu bai riga ya kafa su ba, musamman masu saurin kamuwa da wannan cuta.

Rubutun farko na paratyphoid ya koma 1963. Wani mai bincike na Jamus Glesser ne ya yi su. Shi ne ya fara gano sanadin wannan cuta. Kwayar cuta ita ce kwayar cutar aerobic da ta halitta ta kwayar halitta ta Salmonella. A waje, irin wannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta yana kama da sanda mai tsayi, 3 microns tsawo, wanda yana da flagella a tarnaƙi, yana ba shi damar motsawa a cikin matsakaici na gina jiki.

Kwayar cutar tana da matukar juriya ga tasiri daban-daban, ciki har da zafi mai zafi da ƙarancin zafi, da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta. Wannan yana rikitar da maganin cutar da matakan kariya. A cikin sanyi mai tsanani da kuma ƙarƙashin hasken ultraviolet kai tsaye, bacillus salmonellosis yana rayuwa kusan watanni shida.

Magana. A cikin ruwa, mutuwar pathogen yana faruwa ne kawai bayan watanni 20, kuma lokacin da aka tafasa, ƙwayoyin cuta suna mutuwa bayan minti 30 kawai. Hanya mafi inganci don kawar da cutar shine soda caustic, crealin da formaldehyde.

Dalilan bayyanar

Mafi raunin nau’in dabbobi shine alade masu shekaru 1 zuwa watanni 4. Kwayoyin cuta suna shiga cikin cikin su, bayan haka takan shiga cikin bangon sashin jiki cikin sauƙi a cikin jini kuma tare da jini suna yaduwa a cikin jiki. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da pathogen zai iya shiga jiki. Manyan sun hada da:

Yaduwar kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar kusanci

• watsa kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar kusanci tsakanin masu lafiya da marasa lafiya;
• kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar abinci da ruwa wanda akwai kwayoyin cuta;
• hanyar abinci;
• ta hanyar madarar shuka mai lactating;
• a kan tuntuɓar abubuwan kulawa da gurɓatacce, ta hanyar abubuwan da ke cikin wuraren da kuma jigilar abin da alade mara lafiya ya kasance;
• ta hanyar ma’aikatan sabis. Kwayar cuta ta shiga cikin jikin mutum lokacin cin naman alade mai cutar;
• Daban-daban rodents da tsuntsaye na iya aiki a matsayin masu dauke da cutar.

Sau da yawa, paratyphoid na alade yana yaduwa ta hanyar cin abinci. Ko bayan sarrafa naman kashi, sanda ba ya mutuwa, amma idan ya shiga jikin alade da abinci, sai ya sake yin aiki kuma yana haifar da cuta.

Ya kamata a lura cewa yaduwa da ci gaban cutar yana taimakawa sosai ta hanyar keta yanayin dabbobi. Wannan yana haifar da raunin tsarin rigakafi a cikin aladu kuma, sakamakon haka, jikinsu ba zai iya kare kansa daga kwayoyin cuta ba. Babban abubuwan da ke da kyau ga ci gaban cutar sune:

• cin abinci maras daidaitawa wanda ba shi da mahimman abubuwan gina jiki, bitamin da ma’adanai;
• datti da dampness a cikin wuraren, rashin ingantaccen tsarin samun iska;
• akai-akai da kuma rashin isasshen rufi na sito;
• cunkoson dabbobi;
• rashin rigakafin lokaci-lokaci a cikin tattalin arziki.

Alamun

Lokacin shiryawa na salmonellosis a cikin jikin alade yana ɗaukar kwanaki 1-8. Bayan haka, ƙwayoyin cuta suna fara haɓaka da sauri da haɓaka. Kamuwa da cuta yana farawa daga ciki, wanda salmonella ke shiga tare da abinci. A cikin tsarin rayuwa, da sauri suna lalata kyallen jikin mucous membrane na ciki da na hanji, sakamakon abin da aka ɗauke su da jini zuwa hanta, huhu, kuma su zauna a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph.

salmonella

A nan gaba, dangane da matakin juriya na kwayoyin halitta da wasu dalilai, cutar na iya faruwa a cikin manyan nau’i uku:

1. Kaifi
2. Daidaita
3. Na kullum.

M salmonellosis

Tare da wannan hanya, paratyphoid a cikin piglets yana tasowa da sauri. Saboda wannan, ana iya gano sakamako mai mutuwa a cikin kashi 50% na lokuta na cututtuka. Babban alamomin wannan nau’in cutar sune:

• karuwa mai kaifi a zafin jiki zuwa darajar digiri 41-43;
• ƙin abinci a cikin masu yaye. A cikin aladu masu shayarwa, abin shayarwa yana ɓacewa;
• Hali na gaba ɗaya yana da zalunci da raguwar aiki;
• amai da gudawa a mafi yawan lokuta;
• wani lokacin bayyanar conjunctivitis;
• rashin ƙarfi na numfashi da saurin numfashi, haɓakawa akan bangon lalacewar huhu;
• bluish mucous membranes da fata a kusa da ciki, kunnuwa da tip na wutsiya.

Yanayin cutar yana tare da ciwo mai mahimmanci. Saboda haka, sau da yawa mutum zai iya lura da yadda dabba, a ƙoƙari na rage ciwo, yana ɗaukar matsayi mai mahimmanci, ya shimfiɗa kafafunsa na gaba kuma ya zana kafafunsa na baya.

Magana. A cikin m nau’i na paratyphoid, mutuwa yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 3-6 daga farkon bayyanar cututtuka na farko. A wannan yanayin, magani ya fi sau da yawa rashin amfani.

Subacute course

A cikin subacute nau’i na salmonellosis, bayyanar cututtuka ba su da faɗi fiye da a cikin m tsari. Babban alamun asibiti a cikin wannan yanayin sun haɗa da:

• zazzabi 40-41 digiri;
• rage yawan aiki, ci da rashin jin daɗi na dabba;
• cuta a cikin aikin hanji, wanda aka bayyana a cikin gudawa ko maƙarƙashiya;
• saurin numfashi, wanda sau da yawa yana tare da ƙarancin numfashi da tari;
• saurin asarar nauyi;
• launin toka mai launin toka. A kunnuwa da kuma a cikin makwancin gwaiwa, a hankali ya juya shuɗi.

Rage nauyi da sauri

Cutar tana daga makonni 2 zuwa 3. A lokaci guda, mace-macen sa shine 40%. Kuma ko da dabbar ta rayu bayan an yi mata magani, akwai sananniya a bayan sauran dabbobin a cikin ci gabanta. Abin da ya fi haɗari a cikin nau’in cutar ta subacute shi ne gaskiyar cewa wasu cututtuka sukan tasowa a kan asalinsa, ciki har da ciwon huhu. Wannan yana dagula maganin sosai.

Na yau da kullun

Tare da irin wannan hanya, alamun cutar sun kasance daidai da nau’in paratyphoid na baya, kawai matakin bayyanar su ya fi ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, tsawon lokacin cutar yana ƙaruwa zuwa watanni 1-4 kuma piglet ya zama mai yada kamuwa da cuta.

Bincike

Kamar yadda yake tare da kowace cuta mai yaduwa a cikin dabbobin gida, tabbataccen ganewar asali ya dogara ne akan gano alamun asibiti da gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje. A cikin shari’a ta biyu, ana yin cikakken nazarin samfuran nama ko najasar da aka ɗauka daga dabba marar lafiya. Ana aiwatar da shuka al’adu na gwaji a kansu tare da ƙarin nazarinsa.

A wasu lokuta, don gano salmonella, ana gudanar da bincike na musamman game da abincin da ake ciyar da dabbobi matasa.

Magani

Makullin tasiri na matakan warkewa don zazzabin paratyphoid shine farkon gano cutar. Bugu da ƙari, idan cutar ta faru a cikin wani nau’i mai mahimmanci, an ƙayyade dabba nan da nan don yanka. A duk sauran lokuta, ana gudanar da magani ta hanyar hadaddun. A lokaci guda, an ba da magani na antiparatyphoid da adadin maganin rigakafi.

Maganin hyperimmune akan salmonellosis ya haɗa da ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu tsayi waɗanda ke kunna aikin kariya na jiki. Daga cikin maganin rigakafi, ana amfani da hadadden gudanarwa na levomycetin da streptomycin. Ana hada wadannan kwayoyi a cikin kananan allurai tare da madara, bayan haka ana ba da kananan dabbobi sau uku a rana.

Idan ciwon huhu kuma ya bayyana a lokacin ci gaban paratyphoid, an maye gurbin haɗin da aka nuna tare da penicillin da biomycin. An riga an gudanar da su ta cikin tsoka.

Hyperimmune magani ga salmonellosis

Baya ga babban tsarin jiyya, ana kuma rubuta wasu magunguna masu ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi. Ana iya haɗa maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da magungunan jama’a. Decoctions na chamomile, itacen oak haushi, shinkafa, flax tsaba zai taimaka ƙarfafa jikin alade da kuma shawo kan bayyanar cututtuka. Don shirye-shiryen su, ɗauki 20 g na shuka da 0,5 l na ruwan zafi. Abun da ke ciki yana tafasa don minti 5, bayan haka an yarda da shi don 3-5 hours.

Muhimmanci! Nan da nan bayan gano alamun paratyphoid, ya zama dole a ware dabbar da ta kamu da ita a cikin wani ɗaki daban, yayin da ingancin abinci mai gina jiki ya tashi nan da nan don shi da sauran dabbobin, yana ƙarawa da bitamin kari.

Rigakafi

Duk matakan kariya don hana paratyphoid suna tafasa zuwa manyan wurare guda biyu:

1. Alurar riga kafi.
2. Tabbatar da ingantattun matakan tsafta da mafi kyawun yanayin tsarewa.

Ana yin allurar rigakafi ga piglets daga kwanaki 20. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a ba da rigakafi ga alade ta hanyar ba da rigakafi ga shuka mai ciki. Ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar watanni 1,5 kafin farrowing. Kariya bayan gabatarwar maganin alurar riga kafi yana ɗaukar duk rayuwar dabbar.

Yarda da ƙa’idodin da suka dace don kiyaye aladu da alade, musamman, ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Tabbatar da microclimate mai dacewa a cikin wuraren da alade ke girma. Zazzabi a cikinsu kada ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri 20. Dole ne a kiyaye danshi a matakin 50-70%.
• Ciyarwa tare da ingantaccen abinci mai inganci mai cike da abubuwan bitamin.
• Tsabtace wuraren gida na yau da kullun daga taki, datti da ragowar abinci. Ana tsabtace masu ciyarwa nan da nan bayan cin abinci.
• Kwayar cuta na yau da kullun na sito da kayan kula da dabbobi. Ana gudanar da shi sau ɗaya a mako. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da lemun tsami, caustic soda ko formaldehyde.
• Nan da nan keɓewar dabbobi masu nuna alamun cututtuka na asibiti.
• Duk dabbobin da suka isa gonar a ajiye su daban har tsawon kwanaki 30, kuma a duba su don kasancewar cututtukan salmonellosis.
• Ragewar lokaci-lokaci.

Idan a daya daga cikin gonakin ma’aikatar kula da dabbobi ta gano wani lamari na cutar, ana sanya keɓe a kansa na tsawon kwanaki 30. Ya shafi hana sayar da dabbobi daga gona, kayan nama, da shigo da dabbobi daga wasu gonaki. A lokaci guda, an ware wani likitan dabbobi da ke da alhakin sa ido kan yadda ake keɓewa.

Kammalawa

Paratyphoid yana da haɗari ba kawai saboda yana iya kashe yawancin matasa a cikin ‘yan kwanaki. Mutanen da ke aiki a gonar alade kuma za su iya kamuwa da wata cuta da ke haifar da sauye-sauye masu lahani daidai a jikin ɗan adam. Abin da ya sa dole ne a dauki rigakafi da maganin salmonellosis a gonaki da mahimmanci.