Menene ciyarwar alade?

Abincin da aka fitar yana samun karbuwa wajen kiwon aladu da sauran dabbobin gona. A cikin aiwatar da sarrafa amfanin gona na hatsi don irin wannan abincin, ƙimar su ta abinci da ingancin abinci mai gina jiki yana ƙaruwa sosai. Wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa abinci yana da kyau a sha, wanda ke nufin cewa dabbobi suna girma da girma sosai.

Abincin da aka fitar

Menene extruded abinci?

Extruded abinci mai gina jiki sosai ga aladu ana samarwa ta hanyar sarrafa hatsi da sharar hatsi akan kayan aiki na musamman – extruders. Sau da yawa tushen hatsi yana ƙara haɓaka da sharar dabbobi daban-daban, abubuwan da ake buƙata, abubuwan ma’adinai da sauran abubuwan. Babban amfani da yawan abincin da aka samu shi ne cewa an shafe shi a cikin jikin alade da kashi 90%. Abubuwan gina jiki daga hatsi na yau da kullun a cikin tsarin narkewa suna ɗaukar kawai 50%.

A lokacin extrusion, abincin abinci yana fuskantar nau’ikan tasiri da yawa lokaci guda. Yana shafar babban matsin lamba, hanyoyin niƙa, babban zafin jiki. A sakamakon haka, ainihin tsarin abincin yana canzawa gaba ɗaya. Sitaci, wanda shine daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin hatsi, ya rushe zuwa monosaccharides, wanda ake shayar da shi sau biyu cikin inganci kamar yadda abun yake a sigarsa ta asali. Protein da wasu abubuwa masu amfani suma suna juyewa zuwa nau’i mai sauƙin narkewa.

Ya kamata a lura cewa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar zafin jiki na digiri 180 a lokacin aikin sarrafawa, duk kwayoyin cuta da fungi da ke shiga cikin extruder tare da albarkatun kasa sun lalace. A lokaci guda, mafi ƙarancin tsawon irin wannan bayyanar ba ya rage adadin bitamin, amino acid da fats a cikin abinci.

Abubuwan da aka fitar sun shahara musamman lokacin ciyar da aladu matasa. A cikin tsarin sarrafawa, ciyarwar yana samun dandano na musamman da ƙanshi, wanda ke ƙara yawan sha’awar dabbobi. A lokaci guda, tsarin da aka canza baya buƙatar amfani da makamashi daban don sarrafa abinci.

Extruded mahadi

Siffofin ciyarwa

Za a iya yin abincin da aka cire daga kowane hatsi, amma sha’ir, masara, alkama ko wake sune mafi dacewa da zaɓuɓɓukan aladu. Har ila yau, don cika bukatun dabba na ma’adanai, ban da yawan hatsi, naman kashi ko abincin kifi da yisti na fodder ana kara su a cikin extruder. Ana adana abun da aka sarrafa da yardar kaina don watanni 5-6, don haka ana iya girbe shi a lokaci guda a cikin manyan kundin.

Dangane da ka’idojin ciyar da gonaki da extrudate, an kafa su ne bisa la’akari da abin da mai gonar ya yi. A cikin abinci na boar balagagge, abincin da aka fitar ya kamata ya mamaye aƙalla 70%. A lokaci guda, idan bayan wani lokaci na ciyarwa ya zama sananne cewa irin wannan cakuda ya kasance a cikin mai ciyarwa, ƙarar yau da kullum yana raguwa.

Lokacin ciyar da shuka, abincin da aka fitar a cikin abincin shine kawai 50%. Idan mahaifa ma yana da ciki, yana da kyau a watsar da extrudate kuma a ba ta isasshen adadin kore da abinci mai daɗi.

Game da alade, ana buƙatar ƙarin ingantattun ƙididdiga a nan. Ga mutum mai nauyin kilogiram 40, adadin yau da kullun na hatsin da aka sarrafa shine 1.5 kg. A nan gaba, tare da kowane nauyin nauyin kilogiram 10, an ƙara wani 100 g na extrudate zuwa jimlar yau da kullum. Kuna iya ciyar da ‘ya’yan alade tare da irin wannan cakuda ba a baya fiye da makonni biyu bayan ciyarwar farko. Bugu da ƙari, yana da daraja farawa da ƙaramin adadin kuma ƙara shi a cikin kwanaki 30 zuwa cikakkiyar al’ada. Ana yin haɓaka yawan adadin cakuda kowane kwanaki 3. A cikin tsari, ya kamata a la’akari da cewa lokacin ciyar da alade tare da abubuwan da aka cire, yana da kyau a ɗauki alkama ko sha’ir a matsayin tushen su.

Ciyar da aladu tare da sarrafa tushen hatsi busassun nau’in kitso ne. Sabili da haka, yana ɗaukar kasancewar yawan adadin ruwa mai tsabta a cikin masu sha.

Masu shayar da aladu dole ne su cika

Ya kamata a lura da cewa extruded abinci ne babban ɓangare na rage cin abinci kawai a cikin hunturu. A lokaci guda, ana ƙara su da silage ko tushen amfanin gona. A lokacin rani da bazara, ana kiyaye extrudate a cikin abinci a cikin ƙananan ƙananan, kuma tushen shine ciyawa da kayan lambu.

Fasahar samarwa

Ana aiwatar da samar da abinci ta hanyar extrusion a cikin kuɗin naúrar na musamman – extruder. Har zuwa kwanan nan, irin waɗannan kayan aikin ana amfani da su ne kawai a manyan masana’antun sarrafa hatsi da sharar gida. A yau za ku iya samun nau’ikan extruders daban-daban don amfanin gida.

Yaya sarrafa albarkatun kasa? Ana sanya dunƙule na musamman a cikin jikin elongated irin wannan na’urar. Shi ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin babban aikin kayan aiki. Samar da abinci kanta yana faruwa a cikin matakai masu zuwa:

1. Ana loda duk abubuwan da aka gyara a cikin mai karɓa. A wannan yanayin, ɓangaren dunƙule yana ɗaukar su zuwa ɗakunan matsi.
2. A cikin ɗakunan matsawa, ƙwanƙolin dunƙule suna danna yawan hatsi a bango tare da ƙarfin 50 MPa. Babban matsin lamba yana haifar da haɓaka mai ƙarfi a cikin zafin jiki na kayan da aka murkushe har zuwa digiri 180. Sakamakon haka, duk hadaddun sinadirai masu rikiɗawa sun lalace zuwa mafi sauƙi.
3. Nan da nan bayan maganin zafi, har yanzu zafi extrudate yana kara turawa ta dunƙule. Idan babu matsa lamba na waje, ana fitar da tururi na ruwa mai fitar da ruwa daga sakamakon da aka samu, kuma wani nau’in fashewa na tsarin albarkatun kasa yana faruwa. A sakamakon haka, an gano ɓarnar ƙarshe na polysaccharides da sauran abubuwan cikin abubuwan da ke narkewa cikin sauƙi.

Irin wannan guduma na ruwa yana haifar da samuwar manyan pores a cikin tsari mai yawa na albarkatun kasa. Saboda wannan, farkon adadin abincin abinci yana ƙaruwa sau 7.

Muhimmanci! Gabaɗaya, tsarin samarwa yana daidai da kowane nau’in abubuwan da aka haɗa, amma girke-girke da kansa na iya bambanta dangane da abin da aka shirya ciyar da dabbobi da kuma menene manufar kitso.

Feed extruder: farawa da shirye-shiryen aiki

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, duk masu fitar da kaya sun kasu kashi-kashi na masana’antu da na’urori don amfanin gida. A lokaci guda, nau’in na biyu, kodayake yana da sauƙin amfani, har yanzu yana nuna kiyaye wasu maki a farkon matakan amfani. Duk aiki akan ƙaddamarwa da duba na’urar sun dace da algorithm mai zuwa:

Feed extruder na’urar

1. Kafin kunna kayan aiki a karon farko, an bincika a hankali. A lokacin dubawa, wajibi ne don bincika ko akwai isasshen man fetur a cikin hanyoyin motsi na na’urar (ana zuba man shafawa a cikin kayan shafawa na musamman a jiki). Bayan haka, ana bincika matakin ƙaddamar da kusoshi da masu ɗaure, da madaidaicin haɗin naúrar zuwa cibiyar sadarwar lantarki.
2. Bayan dubawa, goro da yake a ƙarshen jikin na’urar yana ƙara matsawa zuwa tsayawa. Bayan matsakaicin ƙarfinsa, ana sake sakin juyi ɗaya.
3. Ana kunna extruder da zafi sama. Don dumama, ana zuba hatsi a hankali a kan mai karɓa da hannu. Abincin da aka fitar yana fitowa daga bututun ƙarfe tare da wani kaso na dukan hatsi. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don ƙarfafa goro a kan bututun ƙarfe har sai an sarrafa dukkan hatsi. Bugu da ari, a cikin hatsin da ke karɓar bunker, an daidaita wani ɗaki na musamman, wanda ke da alhakin samar da yawan hatsi zuwa ga auger. Dole ne wadatawar ta kasance irin wannan na’urar ba ta fuskanci nauyi mai ƙarfi ba.

Wani lokaci lokacin siyan kayan aiki, musamman daga hannaye, ana buƙatar niƙa a hankali na cikin akwati na na’urar. A wannan yanayin, ana shirya cakuda na musamman, wanda ya haɗa da:

1. Yashi mai kyau.
2. Abincin hatsi.
3. 50 ml na man sunflower.

Duk abubuwan da aka gyara an gauraye su sosai. Bayan haɗuwa, 2 kg na irin wannan abun da ke ciki an aika zuwa hopper na extruder mai zafi. A wannan yanayin, kwaya daga gefen bututun ƙarfe yana jujjuya gaba ɗaya. Wannan abun da ke ciki yana ba ku damar saurin niƙa na’urar zuwa ainihin bayyanarsa.

Amfanin mai fitar da abinci

Dangane da sakamakon binciken da yawa, an gano cewa haɗuwa da extrudate tare da abinci na al’ada, idan aka kwatanta da samfur mai tsabta, yana ba da ƙarin girma da ci gaban aladu. Wannan nau’in abincin fili ya bambanta da sauran zaɓuɓɓuka ta jerin fa’idodi:

1. Ana saurin shanye shi da tsarin narkewar dabbobi. Tsarin ƙoshin lafiya na carbohydrates masu sauƙi da sukari ana ɗaukar kashi 90% cikin jini. Saboda wannan, ci gaban piglets yana inganta sosai.
2. Narke irin wannan abinci baya buƙatar amfani da makamashi na musamman. Babban sashi na makamashi a lokacin narkewa a cikin aladu an kai shi zuwa aiki na harsashi mai wuyar hatsi. Babu irin wannan bawo a cikin exrudate, wanda ke nufin cewa duk makamashi yana zuwa ci gaban kyallen takarda da matakai masu mahimmanci na kwayoyin dabba.
3. Abubuwan da aka fitar ba su da cikakkiyar kariya daga ƙwayoyin cuta. Duk abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka suna mutuwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin zafi. Wannan abu yana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin ciyar da zuriya, wanda har yanzu ba a kafa tsarin narkewar abinci ba don yaƙar cututtuka da rikice-rikice na jiki.
4. Haɗuwa daban-daban na tushen hatsi da ma’adinan ma’adinai na iya cimma ma’auni mafi kyau na abubuwan ganowa da bitamin. A sakamakon haka, irin wannan cakuda zai cika bukatun dabba.
5. Abincin yana da dandano mai girma da kaddarorin kamshi. Lallai duk dabbobi da tsuntsaye suna cin wannan cakuda tare da jin daɗi. Ko kyanwa da karnuka ba sa raina ta. Haɗin abinci na extruded yana motsa sha’awar aladu, wanda ke ƙara girma.

Abinci yana kara sha’awa

Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura cewa masu fitar da kayan gida suna da sauƙin amfani. Wannan, bi da bi, yana rage yawan lokaci da ƙoƙarin da ake buƙata don samar da abinci. Bugu da ƙari, sayan irin waɗannan kayan aiki da sauri ya biya kansa ta hanyar haɓaka yawan aiki na tattalin arziki.

Kammalawa

Abincin da ya dace shine mabuɗin don lafiya mai kyau, saurin girma da haɓaka yawan dabbobin gida. Sabili da haka, masu shayarwa a cikin manyan gonaki suna neman hanyoyin da za su bambanta ciyar da aladu da kuma inganta shi. Kuma, ya kamata a lura da cewa extruded abinci ne quite wani gagarumin mataki a cikin wannan hanya.