Halaye da bayanin irin nau’in dawakai na Iberian

Nauyin doki na Iberian tsoho ne kuma mai daraja, wanda aka bambanta ta hanyar ladabi na asali da sassauci mai ban mamaki. Tun zamanin d ¯ a, wakilansa suna tare da jarumawa masu jaruntaka da jarumawa masu jaruntaka, sarakunan dauloli da masana falsafa. Irin wannan nau’in dawakai ne Homer ya ambata a cikin ayyukansa a matsayin “‘ya’yan iska”, kuma ana iya samun hotunan dawakai a cikin tsoffin zane-zane na Girka waɗanda suka rayu har zuwa yau.

Iberian doki iri

Gajeren labari

Ana kiran dawakan Iberian sunan wurin asalinsu: farkon ambaton waɗannan dawakai masu kyau yana nuna cewa sun bayyana a yankin Iberian Peninsula a cikin yankin Spain na zamani da Portugal, waɗanda Iberian ke zaune. Zuwa yau, akwai subtypes 2 na asali:

• Andalusian, wanda ya samo asali daga yankin Spain;
• Lusitano, wanda ya samo asali daga yankin Portugal;
• canza ainihin, wanda ke cikin matsakaicin matsayi kuma yana da alaƙa da yanayin ƙasa zuwa nau’in Portuguese, amma a cikin fasalinsa yana kusa da Andalusian.

Sarakunan Turawa da yawa sun ajiye dawakan Iberian a rumbunsu. Strabo da Pliny, Xenophon da Julius Kaisar sun kasance masu sha’awar irin nau’in ƙugiya mai ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano.

Irin Iberian a cikin ƙarni na 16-18. rayayye shigo da zuwa Rasha. Anan ana kiran su dawakai na Spain kuma ana ajiye su a masana’antar fada, kuma ana amfani da su don kiwo. Iberian dawakai sun zama kakannin Oryol trotting da hawan nau’in.

A cikin zamanin Baroque, dandano na masu kiwon doki sun canza kadan: an fara ba da fifiko ga dawakai masu nauyi da tsayi. Ƙarawa, an fara amfani da sababbin nau’o’in maimakon dawakai na Andalusian: Neapolitan, kuma daga baya Turanci Thoroughbred. Don adana tsarkakakken nau’in Andalusian, yana da daraja godiya ga sufayen Carthusian waɗanda suka rayu a cikin gidan sufi na Jerez de la Frontera kuma suna da nasu gonakin ingarma, wanda ya ƙware a cikin dawakai na Andalusian.

Muhimmanci! Tun daga 1967, an adana littattafan ingarma na nau’ikan Iberian daban, don haka yawancin majiyoyi sun lissafa layin Portuguese da Mutanen Espanya a matsayin nau’ikan iri daban-daban.

Na waje

Launin dawakan Iberian na iya bambanta, ya danganta da nau’ikan nau’ikan. Alal misali, ga dawakai na Andalusian, launin launin toka yana dauke da mafi mahimmanci, kuma ga wakilan layin Portuguese, launin toka mai launin toka da mai arziki. Canza ainihin dawakai galibi suna da launukan bay da duhu. Tsayin Iberian bai wuce 170 cm ba kuma matsakaicin 150-162 cm. Daga cikin sifofin halayen na waje, an bambanta waɗannan:

1. Babban goshi, manyan idanu masu siffar almond.
2. Hanci ya ɗan kama ko ma.
3. Ƙwaƙwalwar wuya yana kafa kusurwa mai tsayi.
4. Gajeren jiki mai ƙarfi tare da zagaye croup.
5. Dogon gashi a kan wutsiya da maniyyi, mafi yawan lokuta.
6. Ƙafafu masu ƙarfi tare da ƙasusuwan da ke fitowa fili.

Daga nesa, nau’in Iberian yana kama da dawakai na gabas na nau’in Larabawa a cikin na waje, duk da haka, Iberian suna bambanta ta hanyar ma’anar ma’auni na musamman, kyakkyawan aikin jiki, da kuma kyakkyawan lokacin birki.

Halayen hali

Wakilan nau’in dawakai na Iberian suna cikin gida sosai, suna haɗawa da mai shi kuma suna iya yin hulɗa da sauƙi yayin aikin aiki. Babban halayen halayen su ne daidaitaccen hali, mai saurin fahimta, kirki ga mutum, nasara tare da ƙarfin hali. Saboda cancantarsa, wannan nau’in an yi la’akari da shi mafi kyau ga harkokin soja da fagen fama shekaru da yawa.

Bayyanar wakilan Iberian irin dawakai

Amfani da dawakai

Yanzu ana amfani da layin Iberian a wuraren da ake buƙatar sassauci, alheri da ladabi:

• Makarantan digiri na biyu;
• nuna fada;
• tsalle;
• tawagar.

Don hawa a tsakanin wakilan Andalusian subspecies, kawai kantuna da aka zaba. Ba sa buƙatar jefar da su: duk da yawan samar da makamashi, an bambanta su ta hanyar biyayya da kyakkyawan hali. Ana amfani da irin waɗannan dawakai a cikin ‘yan sanda masu hawa na Mutanen Espanya: suna amfani da kayan aiki na gargajiya a cikin nau’i na sirdi da bridle tare da baki ɗaya. An fara horar da dawakan Andalusian a cikin shekaru 3 da haihuwa.

Don wasan bijimin dawaki – abin al’ada na al’ada a Spain – ana horar da dawakai na shekaru 6-7. Dokin da ke shiga cikin yaƙin bijimi dole ne ya kasance yana da ƙarfin hali na ban mamaki, saurin haƙiƙa da iya motsa jiki. Da alama ci gaba ce ta mahayin kuma tana fahimtar kowane motsinsa.

Lokacin amfani da dawakai na Andalusian don kayan aiki, a matsayin mai mulkin, an kafa “biyar”: dawakai uku an sanya su gaba da biyu a baya. Wakilan da aka yi wa ado da kyau na nau’in Mutanen Espanya suna da ban sha’awa sosai a cikin kayan aiki.

Kulawa da kulawa

Lokacin kiyaye nau’in Iberian, dole ne a la’akari da cewa waɗannan dabbobin ba za su iya jure wa ƙuntatawa ‘yanci ba, don haka ana sanya su a cikin rumfuna tare da yanki na akalla 9 sq.m. Ya kamata ɗakin ya ƙunshi rumfuna guda ɗaya, kofofin lanƙwasa, samun iska mai inganci. An yi benaye a cikin rumfunan ruwa, an rufe su da bambaro da peat. Tabbatar cewa an samar da daki don adana kaya, rukunin abinci da injin ƙirƙira a cikin barga. A wurin rumfar, ana shirya fakiti domin dawakan su kasance cikin iska mai daɗi koyaushe. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a sami shinge mai shinge ko shinge don kiwo.

Matsakaicin rayuwar ɗan Iberian shine shekaru 25. Domin doki ya kasance lafiya da aiki, wajibi ne a bi ka’idodin abinci mai gina jiki. Abincin yau da kullun ya kamata ya haɗa da hatsi, hay, alkama da hatsin rai, har ma da legumes, apples, beets, karas da dankali. Kafin cin abinci, ya kamata a ba doki ruwa mai tsabta da yawa ya sha. Ana shirya abinci a cikin juzu’i, akai-akai da kanana. Lokacin ciyarwa tare da busassun busassun, ana ƙididdige ƙimar sabis ta nauyi: 100-2 kilogiram na busassun abinci yana cinye ta 3 g na nauyi. Ga matasa dawakai, yawan ciyarwar yana ƙaruwa da 15%.

Lokacin kula da dokin Iberian, tsabtace yau da kullun, duba kofato na yau da kullun, da canza takalman dawakai kowane kwanaki 30-40 suna da mahimmanci. Har ila yau, a wasu lokuta ana iya barin doki ba tare da takalmi ba don ɗan gajeren hutu (kimanin sau ɗaya a shekara).

Jinin nau’in Iberian yana gudana a cikin duk wakilan dawakai na zamani na zamani, gami da irin waɗannan nau’ikan irin su Criollo, Appaloosa, Saddle American, Paso Fino, Cladruber. Saboda halayensu, yanayinsu, kyawunsu, alheri, tafiya mai girman kai da ikon koyo, dawakan Iberian har yanzu suna kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin nau’ikan da suka fi dacewa a tsakanin ƙwararrun masu kiwon dawakai da masu arziki.