Nau’in dawakai na Kabardian ya bambanta da gaske. Kasancewa ‘yan asalin Arewacin Caucasus, waɗannan dawakai ana ɗaukar su ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin layin nau’in. Yawancin ƙarni na ci gaban irin wannan nau’in a cikin tsaunuka ya ba wa wakilansa juriya mai ban sha’awa, wanda ya kawo su cikin jagororin nisan mil na zamani da triathlon. Amma waɗannan dawakai sun sami shahara a duniya ba kawai don juriya da juriya ba. Yawancin sauran halaye na Kabardian suna mamaki ga ƙwararrun masu shayarwa da masu son kawai. Bugu da ƙari, tatsuniyoyi masu ban mamaki suna yaduwa game da yawancinsu tun zamanin da.
Kabardian dawakai
Tarihi
Nau’in Kabardian yana da tarihi mai arziƙi da ban mamaki. Kabarda, daya daga cikin yankunan tarihi na arewacin Caucasus, ana daukar su a matsayin wurin haifuwar wadannan dabbobi. Mutanen Adygs ne suka haifar da dawakai na layin Kabardian, waɗanda kuma suna ɗauke da sunan “Circassians”.
Asalin jinsin
Ɗaya daga cikin nassoshi na farko game da nau’in dawakai na Circassian (ɗaya daga cikin sunayen tarihi) shine aikin Josaphat Barbaro, tun daga karni na XNUMX. Mai binciken ya lura cewa rayuwar Circassians na wancan lokacin tana da alaƙa da dawakai ba tare da rabuwa ba. Wannan mutane sun yi zaman zaman kashe wando tare da ci gaban al’adun noma, amma kullum sai sun kare iyakokinsu daga maƙwabta masu tayar da hankali. Don kare dukiyoyi ne wakilan ‘yan asalin kasar suka fito da dawakai masu kauri, masu karfi da kuma dawakai, wadanda suka nuna kansu daidai gwargwado a fagen fama, a cikin tsallaka nisa a kan tuddai, lokacin da suke noma, da kuma matsayin dabbar kaya. .
Ta yaya ainihin nau’in ya haɓaka kafin karni na XNUMX ba a san tabbas ba. Dangane da haka, masu bincike suna bin manyan ka’idoji guda biyu:
- A cewar na farko, irin waɗannan dawakai sun haɓaka daban a cikin rukuni ɗaya. Magoya bayanta suna jayayya cewa yawancin halaye na musamman na dabba an samo su ta hanyar zaɓi mai tsauri da horar da dabbobi na musamman. Ƙasa mai haɗari tare da ɗimbin kunkuntar hanyoyin tsaunuka, kwazazzabai da manyan duwatsu sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban su.
- Na biyu ya ce jinsin Kabardia ya samo asali ne a kan dokin da makiyaya suka kawo, wanda aka ketare da wakilan jinsin gabas. An yi imani da cewa waɗannan dokin Larabawa ne da dawakai da aka kawo daga Farisa.
Adygs suna kiwon garkensu duk shekara. Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin rani, sun kai su ƙananan wuraren kiwo masu tsayi, kuma da zuwan sanyi na hunturu, sun kai su tudu da kuma manyan filayen. Canje-canje na yau da kullun ya sa dabbar ta yi ƙarfi kuma ta zama mai iyawa. Hakanan yana da kyau a hawan hanyoyin tsaunuka da tafiya cikin gaggauce a kan ƙasa mai faɗi. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan dawakai suna da ƙarfin hali da ƙarfin hali, wanda ya sa su zama masu amfani duka a fagen fama da kuma jigilar kayayyaki a cikin nesa.
Lokacin mafi girman shahara
Wannan nau’in ya zama sananne sosai a ƙarshen karni na XNUMX. A cikin wannan lokaci ne labari game da fitattun dawakai masu ƙwazo da sauri da kauri daga Kabarda suka fara yaɗuwa a Turai da Asiya. Wannan ya sa manyan mutane da ’yan kasuwa masu hannu da shuni suka fara ziyartar yankin a kai a kai domin samun irin wannan dokin a cikin tarin su. Bugu da ƙari, kowane ɗayansu ya ba da kuɗi kaɗan kawai a lokacin.
Kabardian doki
Wannan doki dai ya samu daraja sosai a wajen manya manyan kasashen Turkiyya da na Crimea. Suka sayo su da yawa. Ba da daɗewa ba, daular Rasha ta hau kan wannan yanki na Caucasus. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa yawancin yankunan rayuwa na Circassians sun dakatar da ci gaba. Amma, wannan yanayin bai shafi kiwon dawakan Kabardian ba. Akasin haka, hukumomi sun tallafa wa masu kiwon ta kowace hanya, saboda sun yaba da halaye na jiki da kuma fushin dokin.
Karya
Ƙarfafawa da juriya na ingantattun nau’in dawakai na Circassian su ma suna cikin buƙatu sosai a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Irin waɗannan dabbobin sun kasance ba makawa a lokacin sauye-sauye na sojojin Soviet ta hanyar ƙasa mai tsaunuka. Wannan ya sa tsarin aikin soja ya zama mafi wayar hannu da inganci.
Amma yin amfani da fada ya haifar da mutuwar dabbobin wadannan dawakai. Haka kuma, a lokacin mamayar Kabardino-Balkaria, maharan sun fitar da dawakai masu yawa, wanda kusan ya kai ga bacewar jinsin.
Bayan lokaci, duk da haka, an mayar da shi. Amma don mayar da adadin dabbobin, an yi amfani da manyan kantunan Turanci. Bayan irin wannan haɗuwa, masana da yawa suna adawa da dawowar sunan asali zuwa nau’in da aka karɓa. Sun ba da shawarar su gane shi a matsayin Anglo-Kabardian. Sabbin wakilai na layin nau’in, ban da ingantaccen saurin gudu, kuma suna da kyakkyawar damar tsalle.
Wani hadarin bacewa yana tsammanin Kabardiyawa a ƙarshen 90s, lokacin da yawancin matayen gonaki na musamman na ingarma suka mutu. Amma, duk da haka, ƙwararrun sun sake yin nasarar dawo da dabbobin irin ta farkon shekarun 2000.
Bayanin iri
Nau’in dawakai na Kabardian, wanda aka haifa a tsaunukan Kabarda, yana jin daɗi daidai a cikin tsaunuka da cikin tsaunuka da tuddai. Halin mawuyacin yanayi wanda layin jinsin ya haɓaka ya ba wa wakilansa juriya ga ƙananan yanayin zafi, da kuma raguwar matsa lamba kwatsam. Bugu da ƙari, an bambanta dabba ta hanyar haɓakar ma’anar ma’auni kuma yana jin daidai da hanyar ko da lokacin ƙetare kunkuntar dutsen dutse.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa a lokacin zabar wannan nau’in dawakai, an kafa nau’ikan dabbobi da yawa. Don haka, ban da lokuttan waje na gabaɗaya, kowannensu ya ƙunshi adadin ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun nau’i.
Kabardian dokin iri
Nau’in-intra-breed
An samar da nau’ikan nau’ikan tururuwa na Kabardian sakamakon wasu yanayi na kiwo, ciyarwa da kiwo. Uku daga cikin manyan su ne:
- Halaye. Wakilan wannan reshe a zahiri suna maimaita ma’auni gaba ɗaya. An bambanta su da busasshen jiki, ɗan ƙaramin kai, ɗan gajeren maniyyi da wutsiya.
- M. Ya bambanta da halayen halayen, waɗanda ake la’akari da daidaitattun dabbobin hawa, irin waɗannan dabbobin sun riga sun kasance masu haske. An bambanta su da jiki mai zurfi, ɗan gajeren wuyansa mai kauri, ƙafafu masu ƙarfi. Kashin baya yana da fadi da karfi, tsokoki sun fi girma.
- Gabas ko haske. A cikin wakilan wannan nau’in, tsarin mulki ya fi bushewa, kuma siffofin sun fi ma’anar fiye da dabbobi na nau’in halayyar. Irin waɗannan dawakai ana amfani da su ne kawai a matsayin hawan. Baya ga kyawun kamanninsu, ana kuma bambanta su da yanayi mai rai da kuzari da yawa.
Mafi yawan dabbobin dabbobin su ne nau’in halayen (na asali). Ƙungiya mafi ƙanƙanci sune wakilan gabas subtype. Har ila yau, zuwa wani matsayi, ana rarraba waɗannan nau’o’in bisa ga wurin kiwo. Don haka, dawakai na nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i)) ya fi buƙatar dawakai suna buƙatar masu shayarwa a cikin Stavropol Territory. A cikin Kabardino-Balkaria ita kanta, ana fitar da su kadan akai-akai.
Ya kamata a lura cewa ko da yake kowane nau’in yana nuna adadin halayensa, duk da haka, babban ɓangare na lokutan waje yana kama da su. Wannan shi ne abin da ke ba mu damar rarraba kowane nau’in a matsayin nau’i ɗaya.
Na waje
Filayen waɗannan dabbobin kuma ya sami rinjaye sosai daga wurin dutsen da suka bunƙasa. Kundin tsarin mulkin su ya bushe, kuma girman ƙananan su ne. Matsakaicin tsayin wakilan layin nau’in ya bambanta tsakanin 149-157 cm. Yawan irin waɗannan halittu masu rai, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce 400 kg ba.
Daga cikin siffofi na jikin doki, an bambanta abubuwa masu zuwa:
- daidai gwargwado nadawa jiki tare da ci gaban tsokoki, ligaments da ƙaramin adadin mai na subcutaneous;
- madaidaiciya mai ƙarfi baya;
- fadi, dan faduwa, croup;
- dogayen busassun ƙafafu tare da ƙaƙƙarfan tendons da elongated forearms;
- halayyar saber na hind kafafu;
- kirji mai zurfi mai iko;
- gajeriyar wuyan tsoka;
- karamin kai mai dunkulewa.
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da nau’in nau’in shine kullun su. Suna da siffar gilashi, suna ba da shawarar tauri na musamman da ƙarfin hali. Suna ba da dabbar da babban motsi a kan hanyoyin dutse. Masu kiwo a hankali sun haɓaka wannan ingancin a cikin dawakai. Ɗayan ingantattun hanyoyin da za a taurare kofaton ƴaƴan ƴaƴa shine a guje su a kan halin yanzu na kogunan tsaunuka tare da gindin dutse. Irin wannan horarwa ya tabbatar da ƙarfin kofato mai kyau, wanda ya sa ba zai yiwu a yi takalman doki ba.
Mane da wutsiya na Kabardian sun ƙunshi gashin da ba su da yawa kuma suna ba da shawarar wani rashin ƙarfi.
Suts na Kabardiya
Launukan dawakan Kabardian sun bambanta sosai. Bugu da ƙari, tun zamanin da, Circassians suna da alhakin zabar launi na dabba. Ta hanyar kwat da wando, har ma sun ƙaddara halayen aiki na dabba da dacewa da wasu yanayi na amfani da doki. A cikin rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun, akidu masu zuwa sun yadu dangane da manyan abubuwan da suka dace:
- Bay Yawancin dabbobin dawakai na Kabardian suna iya yin alfahari da wannan launi. Circassians sun ɗauka shi fiye da kowa kuma sun gaskata cewa irin wannan doki yana da tasiri a rana da kuma dare.
- Voronaya. Wannan launi ya fi wuya. Bugu da ƙari, Circassians sun tabbata cewa yana da kyau a yi amfani da dawakai kawai da dare. A cikin yini, ba su da ƙarfi.
- Mai ja. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan launi kuma ya ƙunshi farin tabo da ke gudana tare da gaban muzzle. An yi imani da cewa dawakai na wannan kwat da wando suna da matukar damuwa ga hasken rana. Saboda haka, ba za su iya bayyana iyawarsu gabaɗaya ba, suna fuskantar rana.
- Mousey. Sun fi sauran yawa. Wannan launi ya shaida wa masu shayarwa game da rashin isasshen ƙarfi na kofato.
- Motley Dawakan da suka haɗa launuka da yawa ba a yi amfani da su ba kwata-kwata wajen hawan.
Launi na dawakan Kabardian
Har zuwa yau, zaɓin ‘yan Circassians na asali ba su da wahala sosai. Sabili da haka, ana iya samun babban kwat da wando a cikin launuka daban-daban da haɗuwa.
Hali da yanayin dabbobi
Halin dokin doki da raye-raye na Circassian sun saba da juna. Waɗannan dabbobi ne masu ƙarfin hali, masu kuzari da natsuwa. Idan mai irin wannan doki ya nuna masa ladabi da kulawa, ya ba shi kulawar da ta dace, dokin zai amsa masa da ibada da cikakkiyar biyayya. Yana da kyau a lura cewa irin waɗannan halittu masu rai suna da ingantaccen iyawar tunani. Dawakai suna da sauƙin horarwa, kuma a cikin hanyar yin hulɗa da mahayin, suna sauƙin fahimtar shi da abin da yake buƙata.
Amma, kada mu manta cewa waɗannan ma dabbobi ne masu girman kai. Ba sa yarda da zagi da cin zarafi da aka nuna a wajensu. A yunƙurin cutar da dokin, tana da ikon mayar da martani cikin iri. Bugu da ƙari, tare da bayyanar tashin hankali akai-akai a kan mai shi, irin waɗannan dawakai za su kasance masu tayar da hankali kuma za su amsa da juriya ga umarni. Kuma a wannan yanayin, babu buƙatar magana game da ibada.
Saboda wannan siffa ta layin nau’in, masu hawan dawakan Kabardian, kamar masu kiwo, ba sa amfani da bulala da tsumma. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin watsa umarni sun dace da sauran nau’ikan. Ana samun biyayya a tsakanin Kabardian ta wurin horo na musamman da kulawar dabbar da ta dace.
Siffofin kulawa da kiwo
Tun zamanin d ¯ a, mazauna Kabardino-Balkaria sun yi kiwon dawakan Kabardian a hanyar garke. Haka kuma, yanayin kiyayewa da horar da irin waɗannan dabbobin sun yi tsauri sosai. An ajiye samarin kantuna da ’ya’yansu a waje har sai sun kai shekara 9. Sai dai bayan haka an ba su izinin canja wurin su zuwa wuraren da aka rufe, inda aka ba su kwanciyar hankali.
Wannan tsarin ya ba da damar taurara jikin dabba, yana ƙara juriya ga cututtuka da matsanancin zafin jiki. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin yanayin daji na daji, garken ya sami abinci don kansa, wanda ya sa rayayyun halittu ba su da ma’ana.
A yau, a shuke-shuke na musamman, har yanzu kiwon garken yana nan…
