A cikin 18-19 ƙarni, daftarin jinsi sun shahara; dawakan da ke cikin wannan shugabanci an yi amfani da su sosai wajen noma. A lokacin, bukatar daftarin iko ya karu, saboda an bunkasa noma. A yau, ana amfani da injina a filin, don haka yawancin nau’ikan dawakai, da zarar an ƙirƙira su don ɗaukar kaya, suna cikin rikici. Wasu ma suna gab da bacewa.
Kiwon doki
Siffofin dawakan dawakai da rabe-rabensu
Ana bambanta dawakai masu nauyi da ƙasusuwa masu nauyi da ƙarfin jiki. Suna da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi, baya mai faɗi, madaidaiciya madaidaiciya, akan abin da ya dace don saka abin wuya. Har zuwa karshen yakin duniya na biyu, dabbobi masu karfi sun kasance masu taimakawa manoma da mutanen gari masu aminci: sun yi noman ƙasa, suna jigilar kayayyaki da karusai tare da fasinjoji.
Nau’in dawakai sun kasu kashi biyu:
- daftarin nauyi;
- aikin haske (doki-zane).
Idan an yi amfani da nau’in farko don aiki mai wuyar gaske a filin da kuma lokacin ginawa, to, aikin na biyu ya bambanta – jigilar fasinjoji a cikin motoci. Dawakan da aka zayyana na nau’ikan nau’ikan iri daban-daban sun bambanta da juna kuma suna da halaye na kansu.
Nauyin masu nauyi
Manyan dawakai sune mafi girma da ƙarfi a duniya. Suna ɗaukar kaya mai nauyin ton da yawa. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da su don hawa da jigilar fasinjoji: dawakai suna motsawa a hankali. Matsakaicin gudun babbar mota ba tare da kaya ba shine 20-25 km/h.
Soviet manyan motoci
An halicci nau’in zaɓi na Rasha bisa ga dawakai masu aiki na manoma na gida da Brabancons. Daga kakanninsu, dawakai sun gaji babban yanayin jiki da phlegmatic.
Breed na Rasha selection Soviet nauyi truck
Dabbobi sun bambanta da tsayi – daga 1,6 zuwa 1,7 m a bushes, sun haɓaka tsokoki na pectoral, mai kyau na baya da kuma baya mai fadi. Suna da manya-manyan ƙafafu masu manyan kofato. A sakamakon shekaru masu yawa na zaɓi, dawakai na Soviet sun kusan kawar da girma a cikin ƙananan ƙafafu.
Vladimirskaya kayan aiki
An ba da sunan irin wannan nau’in bayan wurin da ake kiwo, an gudanar da zaɓin a cikin yankin Vladimir. Don ƙirƙirar doki mai nauyi, an yi amfani da ma’aurata na gida, waɗanda aka bambanta da kyakkyawan jimiri, kuma an yi amfani da tasoshin Clydesdale.
Babban motocin Vladimir shine mafi girman daftarin nau’in zaɓin gida. Tsayin dawakai ya kai 1,8 m, kuma girman kirjin shine 1,9-1,98 m. Wakilan wannan nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i). Dokin daftarin Vladimir yawanci yana cikin launi.
Hankali! Amfanin nau’in shine precocity na kananan dabbobi da kuma haihuwa na mares. Da shekaru uku, ana ba da damar dabbobi su hayayyafa kuma suna iya aiki a cikin filin.
Harshen Rasha
An kafa nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in dawakai na gida, ardenes da wakilan nau’in hawan hawa, wanda aka yi rajista a cikin 1952. Jinin Oryol trotter yana gudana a cikin jijiyoyin aikin doki na Rasha kuma. Godiya ga kwayoyin halittarsa, manyan motoci masu nauyi suna bambanta ba kawai ta hanyar girma da ƙarfi na waje ba, har ma da aiki da sauri.
Siffa:
- gajeren tsayi – 1,48-1,5 m;
- nauyi – 700-900 kg;
- dogon jiki mai girma tare da faɗaɗa ƙirji da madaidaiciyar baya;
- wuyansa yana da kyan gani;
- bushe ƙafa;
- ƙananan cokali mai yatsu baya;
- na kwat da wando, ja a cikin yiwuwar bambancinsa ya yadu.
Hankali! An san daftarin nau’in asalin asalin Rasha saboda rashin gamsuwa, abokantaka, babban aiki da rashin fahimta.
Brabanson
Nauyin doki na Brabancon ya fito ne daga Belgium, kuma babban doki ne mai nauyi. Jinin wadannan kyawawan dawakai sun ƙunshi kwayoyin halittar Ardennes da Flemings, waɗanda daga cikinsu dawakai suka sami kyawawan halaye:
Brabancon nau’in doki
- gudun gudu;
- karfi;
- jimiri;
- rashin fahimta;
- high yawan aiki.
Brabancons suna da ɗan ƙaramin kai mai nauyi mai nauyi da goshi mai tsayi, gajeriyar wuyansa mai tsayi, tsayin daka, jujjuyawar jiki da babban kirji mai buɗewa. Kullun da aka yi musu cokali mai yatsu yana haɗuwa a hankali zuwa gajere, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙafafu. Tsokoki suna tsayawa akan goshin gaba, haɗin gwiwa suna da girma, kuma metacarpus yana da faɗi. Matsakaicin tsayin doki ya bambanta tsakanin 1,67-1,7 m. Dawakan dawakai na Belgium suna da daraja sosai a ƙasarsu.
Arden
An samo nau’in Ardennes ne a cikin tsaunuka da ke kan iyakar Faransa da Belgium, wanda sunan ya fito. A karni na 18, an yi amfani da dawakai ba kawai a cikin kayan aiki ba, har ma da hawan su, saboda da farko waɗannan dawakai ba su da girma kamar yadda suke a yau. kwararar jinin Larabawa ya sa Ardenes sun dan kara tafiya da sauri.
Daga baya, nau’in ya canza, godiya ga ƙetare tare da Percheron da Boulogne stallions, ya zama girma da karfi. An yi amfani da arden da aka sabunta don aiki mai nauyi, jigilar kayayyaki, an yi amfani da su a tashar jiragen ruwa, da kuma gina hanyoyin jirgin kasa.
Arden yana da siffofi na waje masu zuwa:
- girma har zuwa 1,63 m;
- kwat da wando – ja, roan, bay, launin toka;
- kai yana da m, muzzle yana da madaidaicin bayanin martaba, kuma ɓangaren gaba yana da lebur;
- manyan idanu, dirarrun hanci;
- lankwasa gajere, amma wuya mai ƙarfi sosai;
- jiki mai girma tare da fadada kirji;
- gajeren baya;
- kafafu masu karfi tare da kyakkyawan taimako na tsoka.
Clydesdale
Wannan nau’in asalin asalin Scotland ne kuma yana cikin daftarin nauyi. An ƙirƙira shi a cikin ƙarni na 17-18 akan tushen Brabancons. Waɗannan ƙattai ne na gaske na duniyar wasan dawaki, tare da tsarin jiki mai jituwa. Nauyin stallion zai iya wuce ton 1, kuma tsayinsa shine 1.8 m. Clydesdales suna wakilta da roan, ja ko launin bay. Ana siffanta su da fararen tabo a kai, gaɓoɓi da ciki.
Daftarin doki na Scotland
Dokin na Scotland yana da katon kai mai humpbacked profile, faffadan wuyan tsoka da baya, babban kirji mai zurfi mai zurfi, kafafu masu karfi tare da gabobin jiki.
Hankali! Clydesdales, duk da girman girman su, suna da ƙarfi sosai, suna iya motsawa a lokacin da aka ɗora su.
Daftarin Lithuania
Kakannin kakannin manyan motocin da suka fito daga kasar Lithuania su ne dawakan Zhmud, Ardennes daga Sweden da kuma manyan dawakai na Rasha. Wannan nau’in yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarami, aikin halittarsa ya fara a cikin 1925, ya ƙare a 1963.
Wannan ƙaramin doki ne amma ƙaƙƙarfan doki mai busasshen tsarin mulki. Bayan wakilan nau’in Lithuania yana da fadi, kirji yana zagaye, mai zurfi, croup yana da cokali mai yatsa, kuma kafafu suna da kasusuwa da gajere. Wadannan dawakai suna da saber, wanda shine rashin amfani da nau’in.
Amfanin daftarin dokin Lithuania:
- jimiri;
- rashin fahimta;
- kwantar da hankula;
- motsi da babban aiki.
Hasken zane iri
Wannan nau’in ya haɗa da nau’ikan da ke da manufa ta duniya. Ana amfani da su a cikin kayan aiki mai haske da kuma don hawa. Tsakanin ƙarni na 17 da 19. waɗannan dabbobin suna ɗaukar karusai tare da fasinjoji, kuma a yau ana amfani da wasu layukan kiwo a wasanni. Godiya ga juriyarsu da ikon gudu da sauri a tsayayyen trot, suna samun lada mai yawa.
Mikiya
An halicci nau’in Orlovsky trotter a Rasha. Ya samu sunansa godiya ga mutumin da ya fara kiwo a cikin karni na 18, Count Orlov. Ya yi mafarki ya fito da dawakai masu kyau, masu kyau da sauri don kayan aiki masu haske. Don yin haka, ya sayi doki Smetanka daga wani sarkin Turkiyya. Bayan ya rayu kawai shekara guda, stallion ya bar zuriya masu dacewa don kiwo. Daya daga cikin ‘ya’yansa ya zama kakan Oryol irin.
Irin Orlovsky trotter
Siffofin waje sun haɗa da:
- karamin kai mai kunkuntar muzzle da kuma furta kunci;
- dogon wuyan swan;
- high withers;
- mai karfi na tsoka da baya;
- m croup;
- siririn dogayen kafafu masu karfi.
Dokin dawakan Oryol suna da launin toka, wanda suka gada daga kakanninsu na Larabawa. Dawakai suna da kyau matuƙa kuma suna da ƙarfi.
Rasha trotter
A kan tushen Orlov trotter da jinsin Amurkawa, an yi amfani da doki na Rasha. An bambanta ‘ya’yan da aka ƙetare ta hanyar ikon haɓaka babban gudu a trot. A yau, Rasha trotters rayayye shiga wasanni gasa da kuma lashe kyaututtuka.
Waɗannan su ne dawakai na matsakaicin tsayi – 1,54-1,65 m tare da nau’in jiki mai bushe, kai mai kyau tare da madaidaicin bayanin martaba, jiki mai tsayi, kirji mai zurfi da ƙananan ƙafar ƙafa na matsakaicin tsayi. Rotter na Rasha an gina shi sosai. Dabbobi sun bambanta da girman kai da kwantar da hankula.
Hankali! Wakilan wannan nau’in suna nuna sakamako mafi kyau a wasanni a cikin shekaru 5-6 shekaru.
American standardbred
Ana ɗaukar wannan nau’in ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauri a duniya. A cikin karni na 18, Amurkawa sun yi amfani da dawakai na asali don hawa a cikin motocin haske. Daga baya, gasa gudun sledding ya shigo cikin salo. Daga nan ne aka fara zabar kantunan da za a yi wa kabila a kan saurin tafiya.
Dokin mizanin Amurka
Magana. Har zuwa yanzu, kawai waɗanda suka cika ka’idodin wasan kwaikwayon suna shiga cikin littafin ingarma na trotters na Amurka – suna rufe nisan mil 1 a cikin ƙasa da mintuna 2,5.
Zuwa waje na daidaitattun dawakai, ba sa sanya manyan buƙatu. Ana ba da dawakai masu lahani iri-iri don yin kiwo idan suna iya gudu da sauri. Matsakaicin tsayin doki shine 1,62 m, shugaban yana ƙarami, bayanin martaba yana madaidaiciya, wuyansa yana da tsayi. Jiki yana da girma sosai, ya miƙe, ƙirjin yana da zurfi, gaɓoɓin gaɓoɓin sun bushe da tsayi.
Ana gabatar da trotters na Amurka a cikin launi na bay. Lokaci-lokaci akwai dabbobi masu launin gashin karak, ja ko baki.
Hackney
An haife nau’in asalin Ingilishi ne bisa tushen ma’aikatan Norfolk na gida da masu hanya daga Spain a ƙarni na 17 da 18. Kyawawan dawakai masu ban sha’awa tare da kyakkyawan motsi an yi niyya don hawa a cikin karusai. A wancan lokacin, an riga an fara gina hanyoyi a Ingila, wanda ya ba da damar tafiya da sauri daga wannan batu zuwa wancan. Ta hanyar ƙara jini zuwa hawan Ingilishi, yana yiwuwa a cimma ma fi girma karfin dabbobi.
Siffa:
- Hackne dawakai suna halin ƙananan girma – 1,52 m;
- ƙaramin kai mai ƙugiya mai kyau tare da ƙananan kunnuwa masu kaifi da idanu masu bayyanawa;
- m toned jiki tare da ingantaccen ƙirji;
- gajeriyar ƙafafu mai laushi tare da ƙarfi, barga kofato;
- launin ruwan kasa, bay, da wuya ja.
Hankali! Akwai nau’ikan hacknee guda biyu – dawakai da doki. Daga baya aka sake su.
Belarushiyanci kayan aiki
Aikin kiwo a kan ƙirƙirar nau’in nau’in Belarushiyanci ya fara ne a cikin karni na 18-19. An dauki dawakan gandun daji na asali a matsayin tushe, an bambanta su ta hanyar dacewa da yanayin yanayi da wadata abinci da kuma juriya. An ketare su tare da wakilan manyan nau’ikan nau’ikan daftarin – Ardennes da Brabancons.
Daftarin doki na Belarushiyanci
Ayyukan zaɓi a kan ƙirƙirar doki na Belarushiyanci ya shimfiɗa kusan kusan karni da rabi, amma sakamakon ya kasance mai kyau. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da yawa: mazauna ƙauyen suna amfani da daftarin ikonsu a filin kuma su hau su. Waɗannan dawakai ne masu ƙarfi, marasa ƙarfi, masu kuzari, dawakai da abokantaka.
Siffofin waje sun haɗa da:
- matsakaicin tsayi – 1,56-1,6 m;
- nauyi – 600 kg;
- m jiki tare da kyawawa sanannen taimako na tsoka;
- fadi da zurfin kirji a girth shine 1,98 m;
- ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙafafu siriri mai ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaho mai kofato;
- kwat da wando – buckskin da nightingale.
Bashkir
An samar da wannan nau’in a cikin ƙarni a kan nau’in gandun daji na gida, zuriyar tarpa, wanda ya riga ya bace. Har zuwa yanzu, tana da tsabta. Mazaunan Urals ba su taba ba da wani jini ga dawakai ba.
Dawakan Bashkir suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma ba su da fa’ida, sun dace da yanayin gida. Dabbobi suna sauƙin jure sanyi zuwa -40 digiri kuma suna iya samun abincin kansu daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara.
bashkir skunks
Siffar halayyar wannan nau’in ita ce gashin gashi. Tare da farkon hunturu, ya zama mai kauri kuma ya fi tsayi, a wannan lokacin za ku iya lura cewa gashin gashi yana curl.
Na waje:
- gajeren tsayi – 1,45 m;
- kirji mai tsayi 1,75 m;
- katon kai mai kaushi mai fadi da bangaren gaba;
- wuyan wuyansa;
- jiki mai yawa tare da faffadan baya;
- sinewy busassun ƙafafu tare da kofato masu ƙarfi sosai;
- launin gashi – ja, bay, launin ruwan kasa.
Cladruby kayan aiki
An haifi wannan nau’in shekaru 4 da suka wuce don sarakunan daular Habsburg. An yi amfani da shi a cikin jerin gwano da bukukuwa a cikin wani …
